achieving low-latency communications in future wireless...

EuCNC 2016

Achieving low-latency communications in future

wireless networks: the 5G NORMA approach

Alessandro Colazzo

Azcom Technology, Milan, Italy

2016/06/29 EuCNC 2016

EuCNC 2016

This work has been performed in the framework of H2020-ICT-2014-2 project 5G NORMA. The authors would like to acknowledgethe contributions of their colleagues, although the views expressedare those of the authors and do not necessarily represent theproject. This information reflects the consortium’s view, but theconsortium is not liable for any use that may be made of any of theinformation contained therein.

EuCNC 2016

5G NORMA Consortium

(Project Coordinator)

(Technical Manager)

5G NORMA in a nutshellEU funded R&D project within 5GPPP Initiative, aiming on building consensus on E2E mobile network architecture and rapid implementation

Duration July 1st, 2015 – Dec 31st, 2017 (30 months)

Project CoordinatorPeter Rost, Nokia

Connect to 5G NORMA Webpage: https://5gnorma.5g-ppp.eu/Twitter: 5G NORMA project @5G_NORMA 5GPPP: https://5g-ppp.eu/

Contact 5G [email protected]

http://networks.nokia.com/

http://networks.nokia.com/

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Outline• Motivation and objectives• Use Cases• Architecture • Innovations

– Soft-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN

• Evaluation• Impact

Motivation and objectives

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5G is not only about development of a new radio interface

The focus of 5G NORMA is on enabling new 5G business.

But 5G NORMA’s innovations will also help to increase wireless capacity, support very high terminal densities, lower latency, improve cost efficiency, lower energy consumption.

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3 Innovations enabling flexibility

Adaptive (de)composition and allocation of NFs

Joint optimization of RAN and CN

SW-defined Mobile Network Control (SDMC)

create the flexibility to

• adapt dynamically to daily fluctuations in traffic demand

• adapt to rapid load variations in small cells

• introduce new services and business models quickly

Joint optimization of mobile access and core network functions when located together in the network or

edge cloud

Adaptive (de)composition and allocation of mobile

network functions (c-plane and u-plane) between network

and edge cloud that depends on the service and deployment

Controller

Edge Cloud Network Cloud

RAN c-plane

5G NORMA interface

RAN u-plane

Software Defined Mobile network Control (SDMC) applies SDN principles

to mobile network functions

CN c-plane

CN u-plane

5G NORMA interface

Central Cloud

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Controller

Edge Cloud Network Cloud

RAN c-plane

5G NORMA interface

Tactile

Internet access

Vehicular

RAN u-plane

CN c-plane CN u-plane

5G NORMA interface

Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C

Mobile Network Multi-tenancy to support on-demand allocation of RAN and

CN resources in a fully multi-tenant environment

Multi-service- and context-aware adaptation of network functions to

support a variety of services and corresponding QoE/QoS requirements

Multi-service and multi-tenancy

Dedicated networks contained in slices can meet the need of different services and tenants:

• Service quality and performance

• Service-specific functionality

• Adaptation to available infrastructure

Central Cloud

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3. Joint optimization of mobile access/core network functions when located together

in the network or edge cloud

1. Software Defined Mobile network Control (SDMC)

applies SDN principles to mobile network

2. Adaptive (de)composition and allocation of mobile network functions (c-plane and u-plane) between network

and edge cloud that depends on the service and deployment

5 x 5G NORMA Innovations

5G NORMA interface

x

y

Controller

Tenant B Tenant CTenant A

Tactile

Internet Access

Vehicular

4. Multi-service- and context-aware adaptation of network functions

to support a variety of services and corresponding QoE/QoS requirements

5. Mobile Network Multi-tenancy to support on-demand allocation of edge

and network cloud resources in a fully multi-tenant environment

Edge Cloud Central Cloud

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Use cases

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Use Cases selection and description

Use cases in 5G NORMA has been selected according to the following criteria:1. use cases are meaningful either from an

economic or from a societal viewpoint;2. use cases are not supported by 4G

technology or can be supported in a much more efficient way when introducing 5G technology;

3. use cases result in requirements that are relevant for the design of the 5G E2E network architecture;

4. use cases correspond to the use of the mobile networks to meet the needs of different market segments and verticals.

Use cases in 5G NORMA have been described by means of the following template: Use case description Physical Environment and Demand: Vertical sectors End-user Devices Benefits Relative to Legacy Networks End to End Business Model Requirements and KPIs Functional requirements Performance requirements KPIs

Sources

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5G-NORMA Use Cases selected

Industry Control

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Emergency Communications

Vehicle Communications

Sensor Networks Monitoring

Traffic Jam

Real-time Remote Computing

Massive Nomadic Mobile Machine Type Communications

Quality-aware Communications

Fixed-Mobile Convergence

Blind Spots

Open Air Festival

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Why Network Slicing?

Meeting the requirements of such heterogeneous use cases needs purpose-built networks with specific topology = One dedicated network per service.

A network slice is a separate logical mobile network which delivers a set of services with similar characteristics and is isolated from other network slices.

Network slicing ‘requirements’• The infrastructure resources should be shared across many network slices• Some functions may be common to more than one network slice: RAN, HSS, mobility

management ...• Network slices isolation

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Architecture

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5G NORMA Architecture Innovations and Views

• The “5 Innovations” of 5G NORMA1. Adaptive function (de)composition and

flexible placement

2. Joint optimization of access/core functions

3. Software defined mobile network control and orchestration (SDM C+O)

4. Multi-service and context-aware adaptation of network functions

5. Mobile network multi-tenancy

• Different architectural views for clarity– each highlighting specific aspects of 5G

NORMA architecture and innovations

Fun

ctio

nal

Vie

w

TopologicalView

Dep

loym

ent

Vie

w

ResourceView

SDM C+O

Function placement

Multi-service/ multi-

tenancy

Joint access/core optimization

Covering all layers: Control and Data Layer, Management & Orchestration, and Service

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How 5G Architecture should look like?C

on

tro

l La

yer

Fun

ctio

ns

Man

age

me

nt

& O

rch

est

rati

on

la

yer

Dat

aLa

yer

fun

ctio

ns

Serv

ice

laye

r

Dedicated data layer functions

Dedicated control layer functions

VNF

VNF VNF VNF

VNF VNF

PNF

PNF VNF

SDM Controller VNF

VNF

OSS

VIM

NBI

VNF VNF

SBI

EM

BSS & Policies decision

Applications & Services

NFV Orchestrator

VNF Manager

• Major consideration: e2e perspective of a network service

• Service Management: owned and operated by the tenant or the service provider, e2e ‘umbrella’ function

• SDM Controller is a key function in 5G NORMA. It controls the performances of PNFs and VNFs through its SBI. It exposes a NBI for ‘inserting/ reconfigure’ functions and resources assigned to the network slice. Time scale can be in the order of tens of milliseconds . In case that QoE/QoStargets cannot be met, the SDM-C may request re-orchestrationSDN-C and NF are owned and operated by service provider

• ETSI- NFV MANO seems sufficient in this simple case

• What about Network Slicing?

Template

Network Slice Blueprint Network graph

SLA template Service type, KPIs, etc

etc.

Service Management

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Dat

aLa

yer

fun

ctio

ns


Co

ntr

ol

Laye

r Fu

nct

ion

s Dedicated control layer functions

Network Slicing based architectureSe

rvic

ela

yer



VNF

VNF VNF VNF

VNF VNF

PNF

PNF VNF

SDM Controller VNF

VNF

NBI

VNF VNF

SBI



Man

age

me

nt

& O

rch

est

rati

on

la

yer

EM

OSS

VIM

EM

SDM Orchestrator

VNF Manager

Template



etc.

• Service Management: owned and operated by the tenant or the service provider

• SDM Orchestrator: owned and operated by the service provider that operates the slice for the tenant (tenant and service provider may be the same)There is one instance per slice

• The VNF Manager is owned and operated by the service provider. There are multiple VNF-M instances per slice (typically per vendor)

• The Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) is owned and operated by the infrastructure provider. one VIM per cloud (e.g. one for the edge and one for the central cloud)

Service Management

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5G NORMA ArchitectureSe

rvic

ela

yer



Man

age

me

nt

& O

rch

est

rati

on

la

yer

EM

OSS

Service Management

VIM

EM

SDM Orchestrator

VNF Manager

Co

ntr

ol

laye

r

Common control layer functions

Dat

ala

yer



VNF

VNF VNF VNF

VNF VNF

PNF

Common data layer functions

PNF VNF

SDM-X

SBI

SDM-CVNF

VNF

NBI NBI

VNF VNF

SBI

Template



etc.

• Service management

• manages an e2e slice instance

• handles the infrastructure allocation across network slices

• ‚dispatches‘ VNFs and PNFs

• Manages sharing policies

• VNFs and PNFs fully integrated

• Separation between dedicated and common NFs

• Multi-tenancy supported at service interface

D

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Topological view• Concrete illustration of

network deployment and function placement

• Shows mapping of functions to geographical locations

• May be used to display per instance/per location properties

– functions allocated

– space demand

– link capacity and latency

Virtual NW

Virtual NW

Edge Cloud

Bare Metal

Edge Cloud

Central Cloud

VNFVNF

PNF

VNF

Controllers

Bare Metal

PNF

VIM

VIM

VIM Agent

VIM AgentVIM AgentVIM Agent

VIM AgentVIM AgentVIM Agent

OrchestratorOrchestrators

NF ManagerEM&VNF Managers

ControllerControllers

NF ManagerEM &VNF Managers

Controllers

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– Software-defined mobile network control– Flexible RAN


Software-defined mobile network control

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SDMC: Flexible Service Creation

5G NORMA interface

x

y

Controller

New Scheduler policies

SDMC

UE1

UE5UE3

UE2

UE4

Legacy Scheduler

UE1

UE2

SDMC allows flexible scheduler reconfiguration. New services, like low latency ones (autonomous driving) are easily supported while reducing the

service creation time from 90 hours to 90 minutesUE1

UE2 UE3

UE4

UE5

Service-Aware Scheduler

Edge Cloud Central Cloud

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Flexible RAN

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Flexible function allocation

• Flexible placement of network functions

Nodes: general purposeprocessors

Virtualized NetworkFunctions (VNFs)

U

U-plane CN

C-plane CN

U-plane RAN

C-plane RANC

U

C

U C U C

Internet access

U C U C

tactile Internet

U C U C

Vehicular communications

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CN/RAN split• Flexible CN/RAN split

– As a result of the flexible network allocation, CN and RAN functions no longer (necessarily) reside in different nodes

– The borderline between CN/RAN is blurred– CN and RAN functions may be co-located in the edge

cloud or in the network cloud

• CN/RAN interface– The optimal CN/RAN interface may depend on the

function allocation– If CN and RAN reside in the same locations, we can benefit

from exchanging large amount of data at low latencies– If CN and RAN reside in different locations, the interface

needs to be adapted to throughput/latency constraints– Even when co-located, different functionality can be

provided depending on the location of both functions

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Use case 1: Broadband Internet

• CN/RAN are co-located in the central cloud– A large amount of information can be exchanged with a low latency

• This gives an opportunity to optimize performance– Mobility and scheduling can be jointly optimized– Traditionally, mobility decisions are taken at the CN ignoring scheduling data,

and scheduling is then optimized taking mobility decisions as constraints– The traditional approach thus only provides sub-optimal performance (two

separate optimization problems instead of joint optimization)

U C U C

Edge cloud Central cloud

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Use case 2: Vehicular communications

• CN/RAN are co-located in the edge cloud– RAN functionality is place in the edge cloud to satisfy low latency

requirements – CN functionality may be co-located in the edge cloud as there are

no session continuity requirements

• The interface may be simplified– CN functionality may be limited in this use case as there is no need

for full-fledged mobility protocols


U C U C

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Use case 3: Tactile Internet

• CN/RAN functions are separated– Traditional split

• The interface involves signaling between different nodes– Communication between CN functions (e.g., mobility) and RAN

functions (e.g., scheduling) needs to be limited to avoid too high signaling overload

– Potentially high latencies also have an impact on the interaction between RAN and CN functions


U C U C

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Evaluation

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5G NORMA Architecture design validation

Functional Requirement

Groups

Performance Requirements

(KPIs)

Multi-ServiceScenario framework

Multi-TenantScenario framework

V2X + mMTCTraffic Jam @

Open Air FestivalFlexible Service

Applications Simulation Models

Traffic Models

Use Cases (Service, Covergage,

Performance)

5G NORMAScenarios

Design principles

(Implementation support)

Combined use cases

5G NORMA scenarios evaluation by means of simulations and demonstrations

5G NORMA architecture validation based on identified requirements and design principles

Examples

Test Case

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PoC - Hardware Demo

Control Laptop

Control Interface

Driver’stablet

Toy car commanded

via low-latency LTE

Driver’s wireless commands via LTE

Azcom’s low-latency eNB+ EPC

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PoC - Hardware Demo

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LTE eNB (standard deployment)

MME

S-GW, P-GW

eNB

4-cores DSP

GTP-U

ARM

MAC PHY

PDCPRLC

RRC

RRM/SON

NETCP

S1-AP

GTP-U

Eth L1

, MA

C S1-AP

Eth L1

, MA

C

UDP/IP

SCTP/IPEth

L1, M

AC

NAS

SCTP/IP

UDP/IP

OAM

CPRI

C-P messagesS1

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LTE eNB (low latency deployment)

MME

eNB

4-cores DSP

ARM

MAC PHY

PDCPRLC

RRC

RRM/SON

NETCP

S1-AP

Was GTP-U

Eth L1

, MA

C S1-APSCTP/

IP

Eth L1

, MA

C

NAS

SCTP/IP

UDP/IP

OAM

CPRI

C-P messages

S-GW, P-GW

GTP-U

SGito PDN

S1

SGito PDN

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Hardware Demo - Video

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAlyQMUtv6k

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Impact

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Project Outcomes

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Conclusions

5G NORMA will develop an innovative network concept

• allowing to support multiple services and tenants according to their specific needs,

• with great flexibility and adaptability

• covering RAN and data center infrastructure

• based on network slicing.

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Thank you!

https://5gnorma.5g-ppp.eu/

https://goo.gl/hGfa8

5G NORMA project @5G_NORMA

facebook.com/5GNORMA

https://5g-ppp.eu/

https://5gnorma.5g-ppp.eu/

https://goo.gl/hGfa8

https://5g-ppp.eu/

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