ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITYACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY

Unit 3-2aUnit 3-2a

Understanding Understanding EnergyEnergy

Use this instead of kinetic & potential

Identify the initial & final forms of energy

Potential

Motion

Chemical

Nuclear

Gravitational

Kinetic

Motion

Electrical

Radiant

Thermal

Nuclear

Radiant

Our Planet’s Energy Resources

Energy – The ability to do work or cause a change

Potential Energy – Stored EnergyEx: chemical, nuclear, mechanical

Kinetic Energy – Energy in MotionEx: radiant, thermal, mechanical

Law of Conservation of Energy –Energy can be converted fromone form to another but itcannot be created or destroyed!

The sun converts energy…

Nuclear to Thermal and Radiant!

Where Do We Get Most Of Our Energy?

Fossil Fuels – The remains of ancient organisms; Ex:

• Petroleum (Oil),

• Coal, and

• Natural Gas

Fossil fuels &nuclear powermake up 94% ofour energy needsand are considered

Non-Renewablebecause they’re used quicker than they are replenished.

Only 6% of our current energy resources are renewable.

Our Planet’s Petroleum Supply

We use ~25 billion gallons of oil per year.

We have ~900 billion gallons remaining on Earth.

That means we have less than40 years of petroleum remainingat our current consumption rate.

Petroleum provides us with fuels;Ex: Gasoline, Diesel, Heating Oil

And many other products;Ex: Plastic, Fertilizers, Fabricsand Construction Materials

Can we imagine life without these things?

What Are Our Options?

To save our oil supplies, we could…

• Use it wisely – Hybrid cars get much better gas mileage

• Reduce consumption – U.S. fuel taxes are very low

• Find alternative resources – Corn-based products are becoming more common

• Find more oil reserves – Scientists aren’t just looking in the Earth but they’re also searching for biological sources

World Oil Reserves

Let’s Review…What have you learned in this unit?

1.Describe the difference betweenpotential and kinetic energy.

2.Describe three different typesof fossil fuels.

3.How much of our energy comesfrom renewable resources?

4.List three fuel & three non-fuelproducts made from petroleum.

5.How can we conserve ourpetroleum resources?

ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITYACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY

Unit 3-2bUnit 3-2b

Non-Renewable Non-Renewable EnergyEnergy

Why Do We Need So Much Fuel?

There are five main uses for fuel

• Cooking

• Transportation

• Manufacturing

• Heating & Cooling

• Making Electricity

Which fuels are for which purpose!!!!! Matching!!!

How Do We Make Electricity?

Generator – Converts mechanical energy to electricityusing magnets and an iron core

All you need is something to turn the wheel…

But it takes a lot of turningto power all of our favorite electrical devices!

We need powerful fuels(typically coal) which createsteam that turns the turbine and generator.

Which pollution problems are caused by using coal?

Cleaner? But Deadly!

Natural Gas – The fuel, mostly methane, used in homes for cooking and heating.

It doesn’t pollute the air butit creates some carbon monoxide!

Another fuel option is…

Nuclear Fission – Power plantssplit uranium atoms to createenergy for boiling water

These are both dangerous due to toxic waste and transportation issues.

Nuclear Fusion – Combines hydrogen atoms without any pollutantsbut we may never safely attain the power of the sun!

Your Carbon Footprint

Carbon Footprint – Measures the total amount of carbon released through the impact of human activities.

How much carbon is released so one person can buy a CD?Imagine all the energy needed to…

Record the CD

Create the CD

Deliver the CD

Run the store that sells the CD

Get you to the store to buy the CD

And then the energy to play the CD on your music device.

Imagine the energy needed for everything you purchase!

Let’s Review…What have you learned in this unit?

1.List four reasons that we usefossil fuel energy.

2.How does a generator work?

3.Why do we are fossil fuelsso commonly used for energy?

4.List three disadvantages to usingfossil fuels.

5.Compare and contrast nuclearfission and nuclear fusion.

REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINTREDUCING OUR FOOTPRINT

Unit 3-2cUnit 3-2c

Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

Power from Life On EarthPhotosynthesis stores the sun’s energy in the form of…

Biomass Fuel – Renewable organic energy sources

• Wood & Dung – Commonly used in developing countries

• Methane – When it’s created by microorganisms

• Ethanol – Typically blended with fossil fuels to increase efficiency & reduce pollution

These fuels create pollution & reduce current resources!

Power from Outer Space

What is the source of all energy on Earth? The Sun!How can we use the sun’s energy?

Passive & Active Solar Heating –Uses heat from the sun to heathomes and water tanks

Photovoltaics – Cells that changesolar energy into electricity

Did you know the sun heats ouratmosphere helping us create…

Wind Power – Wind turbines arethe world’s fastest growing energy source

Where is the best place to build a wind farm in NJ?

Power from the Earth

There is a tremendous amount of energy all around us.

Just look at the power of Mother Nature!

Hydropower – Includes

• Hydroelectric Dams

• Tidal & Wave Power

There is also energy founddeep within the Earth.

Geothermal Power – Heat from the Earth’s core can boil water

How much pollution is created from these sources?

Why Not Now?

These renewable sources of energy are all viable but…

There are three major issues with renewable energy

• These energy sources are not found across the globe

• The energy produced is minimal compared to the amount that is needed

• Fossil fuels are still very profitable

However, as the environment deteriorates,our dependence on foreign energy grows,

and new technologies continue to improve,these sources will become more common.

Let’s Review…What have you learned in this unit?

1.Describe three types of renewableenergy from the sun.

2.Which three types of renewableenergy don’t create pollution?

3. Which three types of renewableenergy create air pollution?

4.Why isn’t hydropower or geo-thermal power used more in NJ?

5.Why aren’t more solar poweredcars being used in the US?