acid bases - untoldtruth.in
TRANSCRIPT
Acid Bases and Sal On fhe basis of +6eir
ChemicaB properttes, all +he Compounds Can be classied into three roups
Acds 2. Base3
3. Salts
Tndicatos Ho ndicator s a dye ohieh tells us uwhciher
b the Substance we are testing an acid ov a base. by Changing Colour. The three main ndicators ave tmus Hey_orange anc phene lpthalei
Ltmus is a matoval Fndkator
obtoined-from the plant ihen. Methyl_orange and Phenol - pthalein are Syathetie indicators
*An aud turns eue dmus to Red *Mehyl Orange 9ives ed coloor in qeid
*Phenolpthalin Colouyless i'n aiq Soluion.
* Gase furn Red Lnusto Blue
Methyl oange ges yeltou coloor in Base
Phenolphalin fndicator qives pink in base Solution
gfectory Tncicators Those substantes shose mell ov
odour chanqe in acidic or bosic Souton ove called olfactory indicators. Onion and vonila are olfoctory Tndi cato%.
he Smel of onion Can't be defected when hey are
reated uoith base HoLseverf they are treated wh acid eir Smell Aemains as USual
Acid t u a Substance which shen dissolved n
water produes H aq rons or [Ho*] fons.
For ecample i
HCL in Natey
Hydroclovic acid chloride
In, )H So+
Sulphuric acid
2
Hat Sot Sulphate
IN
ATER HNO H0+ No NiHic NtraTt
27ante acid These are Ahe auds obtained from plonts
and gnimal material and ave usually weak. e CHric
acid, Tartoric acid, lactic auid ete
Mineral aud These are those acids hich ave obtained
from the minerals of the earth and ave Usually Strong Eq HcL, H,So4, HNO3
STrong ad hese ave the auds which completely
diss ouate în water Jo prodvte a larqe mumber of Hfons.
e4 HCL, H,So4,HNos ete. inhe Soluton
Weak aid + These are the acids uohich partiall
is souate n uwafer andhus produed a Small mo of H'a ions in the Soution. e citric aid, latre
ocd etc.
Concentra fee acic+ 3t te acid ushich contains
minimum possí ble amount of water. în t
Dfluted acid Jt u the acid which Coatain much
more water that in Concentrated add
operties of an acid 1) They have Sour taste. 9 They turn blue Hmus to red
Acidic. Soluhon Conduct elechricity. 9Acid have Corrosive mature cas hey produee buns buns
On he skin.
Chemical properbies of Acids ) Reacton_of acid wih METAL
when acid neacet wih metal, salt correspondmg fo metal and H
are produced
Acid+ Metal Salt + Hydrogen
2HCL +t Ca Cs) Cacl(aq) + H9) Hydrochloric
atid (a) Calciom Chloricde
Keachion_ of acids_with BASE LDhen acic teacts wrth
base then Salt and water is formed. This 7eacton K
Called meutilisation eaction.
Acid + Base Sat + nater
HCLa) + NaoH (aq) Nacl Cag)+ Ho( HyDRoCh LoRIe SopioM water Acid HYDRo xig E Sodium chlovi de
3 Reaction of acids wth meta 0xide Thls rca ehion
imilar to Acid and Base reaction hich means that by reatmg acid wh metal oxicde
, salt and wate are formed
e 2HCLt Na,0 2Nacl Caq) +H0
4) Reatoo of Adids rth meta Carbo nate or meta! yarogencarbonale
Vhen Adel reacs srth metas
Carbonats ov meral hydroqen carbo nats , Salt wafer and Car bon diozide are formed
e 2HCL + NazCoy 2NacL+H0 + Co HCL+Na HCo3 Nacl + Ho + Co
Base ihese are the substanes which when cü ssalvec/N
water prood ute (OH) aq ions in+he Solutio
e.qNa0H Na+ OH (a) Sooliom
dro de
2) NH4OH NH +OH Ca) wate Souble base are Known a3 alkalis
Strang Base hese ave Vhe base which Comp letel
dissociata in water and thus prodoced a large mo. of OH a4 tons nhe Solution. .9 Naok, koH er Weak Base
These are he base which ParEiall lissociate
nwate. Ond hus prodoced a Smal9munber af okions inhe Solution e CaH) , goH).NOH) ete.
Preperties of Base ' They aYe biter h taste. (
2) They turn Red GHmus to blue. 3)Basie Solution also conduet electricit 4) They are Soapy to touch
Chemicat_propertres of Ba ses 4) Reaction of Base wrth Some metal
When a base reaut with a metaltRen a meta Salt and hyerogen 2as ae
formed Base + Metal Salt + Hudrozen
2NaOH Zn Na Zn0 + H p Sodi om Soci um
Hydrocde zincate
Note Not all metals Teach wi+% base Jo torm Salts and
2) Bases each wrth aciols When 8ase react< wit acid
water and a sat are fer med
Base + Acid> Salt twater
NaoH a1) + HcL Nacl + H,o (l) e Base Acid Salt atev
3 Reaeion of _base ith mon meta oniele hen a
base react w mon metal oci cde %en Saltand wateer or med
Base + mon- meta Ocide Salt + Nater
2Na0H + Sos NaSo4 + Ho ()
Sodium Sulphate
PH Scale |Pouer of Hydrogen [Patenz de Hydogen
hc P f any Soluton s inverslpropotona thc Contentraton of H(a4) nthat Soution.
Higher the conc: of
LoweY wi Rl be c PH and Jower -he Concentraton H ons of ons hightr i be t pH
TKe Atrength of acid ov
measured by a Scale of mo'strom o-14 Called base
he p Scale pH
Concentration of H 1on inerease Neuhal
H1on Contentrato
deerease
Points to Remember in pUre watev -fRe Concentwafion of
onS are HT fons and 0H eual.Hence puve water meither audic mov basic. t meutral.
Acds have PH less han * ia) Ba Ses have PH more han T
roblemfo Prachice i An aqueous Sol has Ht ions Iox
mol tHer Or 0.0000004 mok/ LiteY Caleulade ts PH.
So Clven [HJ ons = l6 we kno that
p og [H*J -o 157
= - (-1) Jo lo USing Jogm= mlog m
= To lo
Hence he ven soluton is neutral
portance of PHin dailUft ortance of_P" inexistence of Gvingbeings
Our body works withim the P range of To to 78. iving ovgan isms Can SUYvive
only matrou range of pH when PH of rauin wafer Lessthan 56 t s called acid rain. when aid rain ffoNs In to he Soil or rivey Joser the PH and the Survival of planb and quatic ife în +he
Tiver become di ffcult. 2nportance PH n_Soil:
The Soil whase PH u btw 65 t 13 goed for plart ro-h
Sless han 6 5 t audic and morean T3 6becomes alKaine Sotl.
Inpor tanee of PHin Digestion HCL seCTeted in the sto mach
The pH Chanqes between 1 to 3. At this Low value of PH
the atve Sometime due pepsin becomes
to more Secretion of HCL,here i pain or 177itathon in enzymes mamed
he Stomach. ie aidity. Basic Substances ave taken fo7 Temecy ofthe audty Such os Ma CoH) 4 Ne Hcos These Ore Knouwn as antouds.
4PH chanqe as -fhe caUse of +ooth decay
when the PH of +he mouth
made o£
In he bocdy
Tooth decay starts
Lowey han S.5.Tooth qve
Calcium phosphate and t he bardest substonee
Bacterla present in the .'mouth produce acids
yeleqradaton of Sugar and food parieles Temainun
in mouth affer eatng. Toothpastk are b@sic in mature so
meutralise -he excess acid by pre ved toot to6th deca
s)Self dsfenee by gnmalsrguh chemica_wor faxe Many plorh and animale
psotedthemseves trom enemies by tàJrcing painfull tating acid into h enemy body. e.9 Red- ant
bites and we fee! i*ritat'on as fhis he entey affoxmic aid in Ouv body To get e relief from
the efted of bite basic Substanece ke baking Sod app Lied app Lied a1ound the place af bite. t meuteases a cidc pois on and ve Some relie
Saltts t a Compound formed by reat"} a
metal wih an acid. Znt HSo+ ZnSo4 t H
Nacl + Na+ HCL H
Salts are also ormed when acid reacts with base.
e. HCLt Na0H- Nacl+ HO H2So4 + koH 2S 04 + H20
The Salt of HCL are Called c hdorides Sat of H,So4 ar Called sulphades and Salt of mitric acid are calded Nitrates
Family o Sal The Salts having same +ve and meaatve Tons are Said to belong to a family of galts
NaCl, NaSo4 , Na Nos , NaHCos , CH Coo Na are
all called Sodium Salt CNaT on Common)
another_example Nacl, kcl, Mg cl , Cacl are called
Salt_of_ Choridee Ct common) PH o Salt SolutHon
The acddic SolutHon of many Sal ore meutra but some of them prodo ces adoie Soland Ond Some prodoce bosie Solution when dissolved n wder