1. Acid Rain Acid rain refers to rain(or any precipitation i.e. snow or fog) which is acidic in nature (has pH less than 5.6) It is generally a complex mixture of- sulphuric acid (H2SO4) along with sulphurous acid (H2SO3) and nitric acid(HNO3) along with nitrous acid(HNO2)

2. Causes Of Acid Rain Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. 3. Natural Causes Of Acid Rain 4. Natural Causes Of Acid Rain 5. Man-made Causes Of Acid Rain 6. Man-made Causes Of Acid Rain 7. Chemical Process Formation of Sulphurous Acid S+O2=SO2 SO2+H2O=H2SO3 Formation of Sulphuric Acid 2SO2+O2=2SO3 SO3+H2O =H2SO4 8. Chemical Process Formation of Nitrous Acid and Nitric Acid N2+O2=2NO H2O+2NO2=HNO2+HNO3 9. Effects Of Acid Rain Acid rain damages the leaves of plants. It depletes the fertility of the soil. 10. Effects Of Acid Rain It causes respiratory problems to humans and animals. It destroys marine life. It damages buildings and stone statues 11. Prevention Reduce coal use and increase the use of natural gas and renewable resources. If the need to burn coal is still necessary then the using a low-sulfur coal would be an alternative. Use an alternative energy source such as batteries, solar & wind power, electricity and the like. 12. Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is radiated in all directions. The main greenhouse gases are: 1. Water vapour 2. Chlorofluorocarbons 3. Methane 4. Carbon dioxide 13. Methane Methane is a primary constituent of natural gas . It absorbs outgoing heat radiation from the earth , and thus combine to the green house effect and so considered as a greenhouse gas . Methane remains in the atmosphere for approximately 10 years. It is twenty times more effective in trapping heat in comparison to carbon dioxide 14. Effects Of Greenhouse Effect Melting of polar caps, which endangers the animals like polar bears Change in weather pattern Droughts 15. Prevention Reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Conserve electricity by switching off the TV, computer, radio and lights whenever possible. Use compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs, which can reduce energy consumption by approximately 60 percent, in place of incandescent light bulbs. 16. By :Ashrith N Shetty