Acids and BasesAcids and Bases

General propertiesGeneral propertiesACIDS

Turn litmus

React with active metals – Fe, Zn

React with bases

BASES

Turn litmus

Feel soapy or slippery (react with fats to make soap)

React with acids

DefinitionsDefinitions

Acids – produce H+

Bases - produce OH-

Acids – donate H+

Bases – accept H+

Acids – accept e- pair

Bases – donate e- pair

Arrehenius

Bronsted-Lowry

Lewis

only in water

any solvent

used in organic chemistry,wider range of substances

ExamplesExamples

Arrhenius

Bronsted-Lowry

Lewis

HCl NaOH

HCl NH3

:NH3BF3

HCN

The hydrogen ion in aqueous solutionH+ + H2O H3O+ (hydronium ion)

NeutralizationNeutralization

In general: Acid + Base Salt + WaterAll neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions.

HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH

105Db

107Bh

Behavior of oxides in water– Group Abasic amphoteric acidic

3A 4A 5A 6A 7A1A

2A

8A

Group B

basic: Na2O + H2O 2NaOH(O-2 + H2O 2OH-)

acidic: CO2 + H2O H2CO3

pH

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11

The biological view in the human body

gastric juice

vaginal fluid

urinesalivacerebrospinal fluid

bloodpancreatic juice

bileacidic basic/alkaline

7

Tortora & Grabowski, Prin. of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th ed., Wiley (2003)