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Chapter 8 Acids and Bases

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Page 1: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

Chapter 8Acids and Bases

Acid:A compound that when written, generally has

hydrogen written firstProduces hydronium ions (H3O+) when

dissolved in water

Properties of Acids and Bases

Page 3: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

Properties:1. Sour taste2. Corrosive (example car battery)3. Turns litmus paper red (litmus paper is as

indicator of an acid or base)

Acids

1. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Most widely used chemical in the world Used in car batteries Dehydrating agent, removes water

2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Cleaning agent

3. Phosphoric Acid H3PO4

Fertilizers Detergents

Common Acids and Their Uses

Page 5: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

4. Nitric Acid HNO3

Explosives Fertilizers

5. Carbonic Acid H2CO3

Carbonated beverages, ex. soda

Page 6: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

Generally contains the polyatomic hydroxideA compound that produces hydroxide ions

(OH-) when dissolved in water

PropertiesBitter tasteSlippery feelCorrosive (example drain cleaner)Turns Litmus paper blue

Bases

1. Ammonia NH3

Cleaners, fertilizers Irritates nasal passages

2. Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

Leather production

3. Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Soap making Drain cleaner

Common Bases and Their Uses

Page 8: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

The reaction which involves an acid and a bases is called neutralization

When they combine they produce a salt – a neutral compound

Reactions with Acids and Bases

Page 9: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

Acid and Bases ionize, this means they break apart into ions

Acids – produce the hydronium ion (H3O+) when they break apart (proton donor)

Ex.

Donor vs. Acceptor

Page 10: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

Bases: produce the hydroxide ion (OH-) when they break apart (proton acceptor)

Ex.

Bases

Strong: Completely breaks apart or dissolves in water

Weak: only partly ionize in solutionStrong and weak refer to how easy an acid or

base forms a solutionStrong acids and bases are also know as

electrolytes because they dissociate or ionize when placed in water

Strong vs. Weak

Page 12: Acids and Bases. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

Measures concentrationThe scale is from 0 to 14Below seven is an acidAbove seven is a baseThe lower the pH, the stronger the acidThe higher the pH, the stronger the base.

0 7 14Acids Bases

Neutral

pH Scale

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