acids and bases. acids acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (h+)
TRANSCRIPT
ACIDS AND BASES
Acids
Acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (H+)
Acids
Acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (H+)
When dilute acidic solutions react, it is the hydrogen ions that are involved in the reaction.
Acids
Acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (H+)
When dilute acidic solutions react, it is the hydrogen ions that are involved in the reaction.
Common acids are:- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Acids
Acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (H+)
When dilute acidic solutions react, it is the hydrogen ions that are involved in the reaction.
Common acids are:- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)- Nitric Acid (HNO3)
Acids
Acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (H+)
When dilute acidic solutions react, it is the hydrogen ions that are involved in the reaction.
Common acids are:- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)- Nitric Acid (HNO3)- Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Acids
Acidic solutions contain water and hydrogen ions (H+)
When dilute acidic solutions react, it is the hydrogen ions that are involved in the reaction.
Common acids are:- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)- Nitric Acid (HNO3)- Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) - Citrus fruits are acidic, as well as carbonated
drinks (like coke).
Bases
Bases are substances that neutralise acids by forming water and a salt.
Bases
Bases are substances that neutralise acids by forming water and a salt.
Common bases are:- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Bases
Bases are substances that neutralise acids by forming water and a salt.
Common bases are:- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)- Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) or
limewater
Bases
Bases are substances that neutralise acids by forming water and a salt.
Common bases are:- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)- Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) or
limewater- Ammonia solution (NH3)
Bases
Bases are substances that neutralise acids by forming water and a salt.
Common bases are:- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)- Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) or
limewater- Ammonia solution (NH3) Bases have hydroxide ions (OH-)
Neutral Substances
Some substances, such as salt (Sodium Chloride) dissolve in water forming solutions which are neutral.
Neutral Substances
Some substances, such as salt (Sodium Chloride) dissolve in water forming solutions which are neutral.
Pure water is neutral
The pH scale
Some acids are stronger than others; strong acids produce the highest concentration of hydrogen ions.
The pH scale
Some acids are stronger than others; strong acids produce the highest concentration of hydrogen ions.
Strong bases produce high concentrations of hydroxide ions.
The pH scale
Some acids are stronger than others; strong acids produce the highest concentration of hydrogen ions.
Strong bases produce high concentrations of hydroxide ions.
The same applies for weak acids/weak bases having low concentrations of particular ions.
The pH scale
Some acids are stronger than others; strong acids produce the highest concentration of hydrogen ions.
Strong bases produce high concentrations of hydroxide ions.
The same applies for weak acids/weak bases having low concentrations of particular ions.
The pH scale is used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.
The pH scale
Acidic solutions have pH of less than 7
The pH scale
Acidic solutions have pH of less than 7 Basic solutions have pH of more than 7
The pH scale
Acidic solutions have pH of less than 7 Basic solutions have pH of more than 7 Neutral solutions are 7
The pH scale
Acidic solutions have pH of less than 7 Basic solutions have pH of more than 7 Neutral solutions are 7
Red and blue litmus paper can be used to indicate whether the solution is an acid or a base.
The pH scale
Acidic solutions have pH of less than 7 Basic solutions have pH of more than 7 Neutral solutions are 7
Red and blue litmus paper can be used to indicate whether the solution is an acid or a base.
Red – turns blue in a base Blue – turns red in an acid
The pH scale
Pour 1cm of solution into your 5 test tubes
Using red or blue litmus paper, drop the paper into the test tubes and see what colours they change to.
Write down what solution is an acid or base
pH scale
Using your solutions from before… Add universal indicator to each of your
solutions and see what number pH they are.
Write it down in your books.