acids and bases buffers. compare acids monoprotic - one ionizable hydrogen monoprotic - one...
TRANSCRIPT
ACIDS AND BASESACIDS AND BASES
BuffersBuffers
COMPARECOMPARE
AcidsAcids• Monoprotic - one Monoprotic - one
ionizable hydrogenionizable hydrogen• Diprotic - 2 ionizable Diprotic - 2 ionizable
hydrogenshydrogens• Polyprotic – many Polyprotic – many
ionizable hydrogensionizable hydrogens
BasesBases Monoacidic – yields Monoacidic – yields
one OHone OH--
Diacidic – yields two Diacidic – yields two OHOH--
Polyacidic – yields Polyacidic – yields many OHmany OH--
DEFINITIONS OF ACIDS AND BASESDEFINITIONS OF ACIDS AND BASES
Theory Acids Bases
Arrhenius Theory Any substance that release H+ in solution
Any substance that releases OH- in solution
Bronsted Theory Proton Donor Proton Acceptor
Lewis Theory Electron Pair Acceptor
Electron Pair Donor
BUFFERSBUFFERS
Substances that resist sudden changes in pHSubstances that resist sudden changes in pH
Composed of either a weak acid and its salt or a Composed of either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its saltweak base and its salt
Buffer capacity is affected by:Buffer capacity is affected by:
- B/A ratio – most efficient as ratio approaches 1- B/A ratio – most efficient as ratio approaches 1
- Concentration of acid and base components- Concentration of acid and base components