acids and bases - junior cert sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfwhen...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
When we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases likeBut we are surrounded by acids and bases in the world. Most of them are weak.Acids cause:
| Lemons to be sour
| Acid rain to eat away at sculptures
| Cavities in your teeth
| Digestion of food in your stomach
| Ants to give you a nasty bite
![Page 3: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Properties of an Acid| Tastes sour| Turns litmus paper red| Has a pH of less than 7| Lemon juice and vinegar are acids
Properties of a Base| Taste bitter and have a slippery feel| Turns litmus paper blue| Has a pH greater than 7| Bases that are soluble (dissolve in water)
are called alkalis| Most hand soaps and drain cleaners are bases
![Page 4: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
| Hydrochloric acid, HCl and sulfuric acid H2SO4 are very corrosive
| Carbonic acid is used in fizzy drinks| Ethanoic acid is in vinegar| Citric acid is in oranges and lemons
| Sodium hydroxide, NaOH is very corrosive and is known as caustic soda
| Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 forms limewater when dissolved in water
![Page 5: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tea contains tannic acid
Carbonated soft drinks contain carbonic acid
Fruit contains citric acid
![Page 6: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Strenuous exercise causes a buildup of lactic acid in muscle tissue
Acid rain (nitric /sulfuric acid) corroding a limestone sculpture.
![Page 7: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Acid rain kills trees and aquatic life
![Page 8: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
H2SO4pH = 1
turns red
Lemon juicepH = 3
turns orange
RainwaterpH = 6
turns yellow
Window cleanerpH = 10
turns blue
NaOHpH = 14
turns navy
![Page 9: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The pH scale is a way of expressing the strength of acids and bases
The pH scale goes from 0 to 14
Under 7 = acid7 = neutral
Over 7 = base
![Page 10: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
| These are chemicals that change colour in the presence of an acid or a base.
| There are a number of different indicators that change color at different pH’s.
![Page 12: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
| Acids and alkalis react together to form a neutral salt and water
| A salt is formed when a metal ion replaces the hydrogen in an acid
Cl + OHH Na
![Page 13: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
OC38Burette
Retort stand
Conical flask
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium hydroxide and litmus
indicator solution
![Page 14: Acids and Bases - Junior Cert Sciencejuniorcertificatescience.weebly.com/.../acids_and_bases.pdfWhen we think of acids and bases we tend to think of chemistry lab acids and bases like](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071604/614001f5b44ffa75b80493ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide