acids bases - lesson 1 - intro
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ACIDS & BASESEquilibria - Intro
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Intro to Acids & Bases:ACIDS BASES
Taste Sour Taste Bitter
Conduct electricity Conduct electricity
Reacts with Mg & Zn toproduce H2 Slippery to touch
Reacts with OH- to makesalt & H2O
Reacts with acids tomake salt & H2O
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Definitions of Acids & Bases:
Arrhenius Acids & Bases:
Acid: produces H+ ions in water
HCl H+ + Cl-
Base: produces OH- ions in water
NaOH Na+ + OH-
H
Cl
OHNa
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases:
Acid:
Donates H+ ions
Base:
Accepts H+ ions
ACID BASE
Hydronium
Ionmakes acidic
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
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Accepted
H+ ionDonated
H+ ion
BASE ACID
NH3
+ H2O NH
4+ + OH-
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Water can act like a ACID or a BASE
Is called amphoteric
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Accepted
H+ ion
Donated
H+ ion
BASE Conjugate
ACID
CO32- + H2O OH
- +H2CO3
Accepted
H+ ion
Donated
H+ ion
Conjugate
BASEACID
Conjugate
Acid Base
Pair
Conjugate
Acid Base
Pair
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Identify the acid & base
ACID
BASE
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Strength vs Concentration A highly concentrated acid -
has a high [H+] or [H3O+] per litre
A strong acid - transfers ALL H+ to H2O to form H3O
+
reacts completely
ex. HCl
A weak acid -
does not transfer all H+ to H2O
ex. CH3COOH
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A highly concentrated base-
has a high [OH-] per litre
A strong base -
has a high affinity for H+ ions
ex. NaOH, OH-, Ca(OH)2
A weak base -
has a low affinity for H+ ions
ex. NH3
Strength vs Concentration
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