AcidsLesson 5

Acid and BaseDefinitions

Acid and Base Definitions

Bronsted Arrhenius

Acid Base Acid Base

proton donor proton acceptor ionizes to H+ ionizes to OH-

 Strong means completely.

  

Weak means partially.

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid-

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+

  HCl

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+

  HCl H+ + Cl-

 2. Strong Bronsted Acid-

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+

  HCl H+ + Cl-

 2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base   HCl

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+

  HCl H+ + Cl-

 2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base   HCl + H2O

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+

  HCl H+ + Cl-

 2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base   HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

3. Strong Arrhenius Base-

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  KOH

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  KOH K+ + OH-

4. Strong Bronsted Base-

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  KOH K+ + OH-

4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid   

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  KOH K+ + OH-

4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid   NH2

-

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  KOH K+ + OH-

4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid   NH2

- + H2O

3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH-

  KOH K+ + OH-

4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid   NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+

 

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+

  HF

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+

  HF ⇄ H+ + F-

 6. Weak Bronsted Acid-

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+

  HF ⇄ H+ + F-

 6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base   HF

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+

  HF ⇄ H+ + F-

 6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base   HF + H2O

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+

  HF ⇄ H+ + F-

 6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base   HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-

7. Weak Arrhenius Base

7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH-

 

7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH-

  Mg(OH)2

7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH-

  Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

8. Weak Bronsted Base

7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH-

  Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid   NH3

7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH-

  Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid   NH3 + H2O

7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH-

  Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid   NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4

+ + OH-

Memorize the following NH3 is a weak base when in water

 NH4

+ is an weak acid

 H2O is an acid when with a base and a base when with an acid and is amphiprotic

H2O is always neutral when pure Write two reactions showing water acting as an acid and a base.

H2O + NH3 ⇄ NH4+ + OH-

acid

H2O + HIO3 ⇄ H3O+ + IO3-

base

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

 Cl2O7 + H2O

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

 Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

 Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4

 C2O3 + H2O

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

 Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4

 C2O3 + H2O H2C2O4

  

I2O5 + H2O

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

 Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4

 C2O3 + H2O H2C2O4

  

I2O5 + H2O H2I2O6

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

 CO2 + H2O H2CO3  

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4

 C2O3 + H2O H2C2O4

  

I2O5 + H2O H2I2O6 2HIO3

All can be found on the acid chart

Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a baseThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an base- start with a metal

K2O  

Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a baseThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an base- start with a metal

K2O + H2O 2KOH

  CaO

 

Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a baseThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an base- start with a metal

K2O + H2O 2KOH

  CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

  Na2O  

Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a baseThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an base- start with a metal

K2O + H2O 2KOH

  CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

  Na2O + H2O 2NaOH

  BaO  

Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a baseThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an base- start with a metal

K2O + H2O 2KOH

  CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

  Na2O + H2O 2NaOH

  BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2

 

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

But H2CO3 ionizes as a weak acid

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4Weak Acid

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-

Rb2O

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-

Rb2O Basic Anhydride

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-

Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O 2RbOH

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-

Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O 2RbOHBut RbOH ionizes as a strong base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

CO2 Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Mg(OH)2 Weak Base Mg(OH)2 ⇄ Mg2+ + 2OH-

H2C2O4Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-

Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O 2RbOH

RbOH Rb+ + OH-

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2-

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN-

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO Basic anhydride

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO Basic anhydride CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO Basic anhydride CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

But Ca(OH)2 ionizes as a weak base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO Basic anhydride CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Ca(OH)2 ⇄ Ca2+ + 2OH-

CO32-

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO Basic anhydride CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Ca(OH)2 ⇄ Ca2+ + 2OH-

CO32- Weak base

Classify each formula and write an equation.

strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

NH2- Strong base NH2

- + H2O NH3 + OH-

CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-

CaO Basic anhydride CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Ca(OH)2 ⇄ Ca2+ + 2OH-

CO32- Weak base CO3

2- + H2O ⇄ HCO3- + OH-