acitve and passive

8/11/2019 Acitve and Passive

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Active / Passive Verb Forms

Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and"passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

Active Form

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subect of the sentence and the thingreceiving the action is the obect. !ost sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Eamples#

Passive Form

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subect of the sentence and thething doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use thepassive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should beemphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not kno$ $ho is doing the actionor if you do not $ant to mention $ho is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

1. entences are passive !hen the s"b#ect does not perform the action.

$. The s"b#ect receives an action or is the res"lt of an action.%. The passive voice is formed !ith a form of be and the past participle of the

main verb.&. Passive sentences foc"s on the no"n that is the receiver or res"lt of an action

rather than the no"n that is performing the action 'the agent(.). Passive sentences are "sed to ma*e sentence so"nd more impersonal e.g. t

!as said that there is no e,c"se for not coming to class on -onday.

Eamples#

AAT0TA

1. Se dice que una oracin est en VOZ ACTIVAcuando la significacin del verbo es


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producida por la persona gramatical a quien aqul se refiere:Pedro de Mendoza foundedBuenos Aires.(Pedro de Mendoza funduenos !ires".

#. Se dice que una oracin est en VOZ PASIVAcuando la significacin del verbo esrecibida por la persona gramatical a quien aqul se refiere:Buenos Aires was founded byPedro de Mendoza.(uenos !ires fue fundada porPedro de Mendoza".

$. Se forma con el au%iliar del verbo to be& el participio pasado del verbo que secon'uga.

. )l complemento de la oracin activa pasa a su'eto de la pasiva. *omo en castellano+el su'eto de la activa se puede conservar como su'eto agente.

,. *uando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden -acer dos estructuras depasiva:a"A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith+ n libro fue enviado a /om por Mr. Smit-.b" Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith(pasiva idiomtica". )sta estructura no es posibleen castellano.

-203 20 V04 05 V6 PAVATO BE SEEN = SER VISTO

PRESENTEI am seen+ so& vistoyou are seen+ eres vistohe is seen+ es vistowe are seen+ somos vistosyou are seen+ sois vistosthey are seen+ son vistos

PRETERITO PERFECTOI have been seen+ -e sido vistoyou have been seen+ -as sido vistohe has been seen+ -a sido vistowe have been seen+ -emos sido vistosyou have been seen+ -abis sido vistosthey have been seen+ -an sido vistos

PASADOI was seen+ fui vistoyou were seen+ fuiste vistohe was seen+ fue vistowe were seen+ fuimos vistosyou were seen+ fuisteis vistosthey were seen+ fueron vistos

FUTUROI shall be seen+ ser vistoyou will be seen+ sers vistohe will be seen+ ser vistowe shall be seen+ seremos vistosyou will be seen+ seris vistosthey will be seen+ sern vistos

PRETERITO PLUSCUAPERFECTO: I had been seen+ -ab0a sido vistoCONDICIONAL: I should be seen+ ser0a vistoFUTURO PERFECTO: I shall have been seen+ -abr sido visto

CONDICIONAL PERFECTO: I should have been seen+ -abr0a sido visto

V6 ATVA 7 PAVA8 093A PATA 05 & PA.

a voz pasiva se forma con e! "erbo to be#on$u%ado &'( e! part)#)p)o de!

"erbo pr)n#)pa!. )n ingls es muc-o ms frecuente que en espa2ol &+ normalmente+aparece cuando no es importante quien realiza una accin sino el -ec-o en s0. Por eso+no siempre que veamos una pasiva+ tenemos que traducirlo literalmente+ puesto que

en espa2ol suena ms forzado. S!o e( po()b!e e! u(o de !a "o* pa()"a #on "erbo(

tran()t)"o((verbos que llevan complemento directo".VOZ ACTIVA/om +r)te(a letter/om )( +r)t)n%a letter/om +a( +r)t)n%a letter/om +rotea letter

VOZ PASIVA! letter )( +r)ttenb& /om! letter )( be)n% +r)ttenb& /om! letter +a( be)n% +r)ttenb& /om! letter +a( +r)ttenb& /om


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/om ,a( +r)ttena letter/om ,ad +r)ttena letter/om +)!! +r)tea letter/om )( %o)n% to +r)tea letter/om #an +r)tea letter/om #ou!d +r)tea letter/om &u(t +r)tea letter/om &a- +r)tea letter/om &)%,t +r)tea letter

! letter ,a( been +r)ttenb& /om! letter ,ad been +r)ttenb& /om! letter +)!! be +r)ttenb& /om! letter )( %o)n% to be +r)ttenb& /om! letter #an be +r)ttenb& /om! letter #ou!d be +r)ttenb& /om! letter &u(t be +r)ttenb& /om! letter &a- be +r)tten...! letter &)%,t be +r)tten...

2

)l su'eto agente se e%presa con by. Sin embargo+ en la ma&or0a de las ocasiones

se prescinde del su'eto &a que no nos interesa saber quin e%actamente e'ecuta laaccin. Si una oracin activa tiene complemento directo e indirecto+ #ua!.u)era de

!o( do( #o&p!e&ento(puede ser su'eto paciente de la pasiva:

ACTIVE/Someone gives me a dogPASSIVE 0/! dog )( %)"ento me

PASSIVE 1/3 a& %)"ena dog(forma pasiva idiomtica"

a forma pasiva de doing, seeing, etces being done, being seen, etc.

ACTIVE/3 don4t li5e peop!e te!!)n% &e6-at to do

PASSIVE/3 don4t li5e be)n% to!d6-at to do)n ocasiones en las que ocurre algo a veces imprevisto+ no planeado o fortuito para la

formacin de la voz pasiva se prefiere usar get& no be:get -urt+ get anno&ed+ get divorced+ get married+ get invited+ get bored+ get lost

3 as construcciones impersonales (se dice+ se comenta+ etc." son mu& t0picas de la

pasiva & dif0ciles de traducir para los -ispanoparlantes. )ste tipo de construccinpasiva 7utilizada cada vez con ma&or frecuencia en los medios7 se forma con la

estructura (u$eto 2 to be 2 part)#)p!e: 3t is reported (Se informa"8 3t is said(Sedice"8 3t is 5no6n(Se sabe"8 3t is supposed(Se supone"83t is considered (Se

considera"8 3t is e%pected(Se espera". 9eamos algunos e'emplos:

ACTIVE/ E"er-bod- t,)n3( *at-& 6or5s ver& -ard.PASSIVE 0/*at-& )( t,ou%,t to 6or5 ver& -ard. (Se piensa que *at-&..."

PASSIVE 1/It )( t,ou%,t t-at *at-& 6or5s ver& -ard. (Se piensa que *at-&..."

ACTIVE/ T,e- be!)e"e /om is 6earing a 6-ite pullover.PASSIVE 0//om)( be!)e"ed to be 6earing a 6-ite pullover. (Se cree que..."

PASSIVE 1/It )( be!)e"edt-at /om is 6earing a 6-ite pullover. (Se cree que..."

4 : A25A30 20 SUPPOSE

a" Se usa en afirmativo para acciones que estaban planeadas+ que se supone que vana realizar+ u obligaciones que uno deber0a cumplir.

ou +ere (uppo(edto be -ere at ;:


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Active / Passive vervie!

%ctive &assive

Simple

&resent

'nce a $eek, Tom cleansthe

house.

'nce a $eek, the house is cleaned

by Tom.

&resent(ontinuous

)ight no$, Sarah is !ritingtheletter.

)ight no$, the letter is being!rittenby Sarah.

Simple &ast Sam repairedthe car. The car !as repairedby Sam.

&ast(ontinuous

The salesman !as helpingthecustomer $hen the thief cameinto the store.

The customer !as being helpedby the salesman $hen the thiefcame into the store.

&resent&erfect

!any tourists have visitedthatcastle.

That castle has been visitedbymany tourists.

&resent&erfect(ontinuous

)ecently, *ohn has been doingthe $ork.

)ecently, the $ork has been beingdoneby *ohn.

&ast &erfect +eorge had repairedmany carsbefore he received hismechanics license.

!any cars had been repairedby+eorge before he received hismechanics license.

&ast &erfect(ontinuous

(hef *ones had been preparingthe restaurants fantastic dinnersfor t$o years before he moved to&aris.

The restaurants fantastic dinnershad been being preparedby (hef*ones for t$o years before hemoved to &aris.

Simple -utureWILL

Someone !ill finishthe $ork by#// &!.

The $ork !ill be finishedby #//&!.

Simple -utureBEGOINGTO

Sally is going to ma*eabeautiful dinner tonight.

% beautiful dinner is going to bemadeby Sally tonight.

-uture(ontinuousWILL

%t 0#// &! tonight, *ohn !ill be!ashingthe dishes.

%t 0#// &! tonight, the dishes !illbe being !ashedby *ohn.

-uture(ontinuousBEGOINGTO

%t 0#// &! tonight, *ohn isgoing to be !ashingthe dishes.

%t 0#// &! tonight, the dishes aregoing to be being !ashedby*ohn.

-uture &erfectWILL

They !ill have completedtheproect before the deadline.

The proect !ill have beencompletedbefore the deadline.


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-uture &erfectBEGOINGTO

They are going to havecompletedthe proect before thedeadline.

The proect is going to have beencompletedbefore the deadline.

-uture &erfect(ontinuousWILL

The famous artist !ill have beenpaintingthe mural for over simonths by the time it is finished.

The mural !ill have been beingpaintedby the famous artist forover si months by the time it is

finished.

-uture &erfect(ontinuousBEGOINGTO

The famous artist is going tohave been paintingthe mural forover si months by the time it isfinished.

The mural is going to have beenbeing paintedby the famous artistfor over si months by the time it isfinished.

1sed to *erry "sed to paythe bills. The bills "sed to be paidby *erry.

2ould %l$ays !y mother !o"ld al!ays ma*e

the pies.

The pies !o"ld al!ays be made

by my mother.

-uture in the&astWOULD

I kne$ *ohn !o"ld finishthe$ork by #// &!.

I kne$ the $ork !o"ld be finishedby #// &!.

-uture in the&astWASGOINGTO

I thought Sally !as going toma*ea beautiful dinner tonight.

I thought a beautiful dinner !asgoing to be madeby Sally tonight.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TENSES CHART

-P30 P005T and -P30 PATThe active obect becomes the passive subect.

am3is3are 4 past participle$as3$ere 4 past participle

Active8 imple PresentThe movie fascinates me.The movie bores *ack.The movie surprises them.

Passive8 imple PresentI am fascinated by the movie.*ack is bored by the movie.They are surprised by the movie.

Active8 imple PastThe movie bored me.The movie fascinated *ack.The movie surprised them.

Passive8 imple PastI $as bored by the movie.*ack $as fascinated by the movie.They $ere surprisedby the movie.

P005T and PAT 5T5:: 'P90V0(&assive form#

am3is3are 4 being 4 past participle$as3$ere 4 being 4 past participle

Active8 Present ontin"o"sI am helping Shannon.*une is helping Su and 5ing.

&assive# &resent (ontinuousShannon is being helped by me.Su and 5ing are being helped by *une.

Active8 Past ontin"o"sI $as cleaning the bathroom.

Passive8 Past ontin"o"sThe bathroom $as being cleaned by me.


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They $ere cleaning the bedroom.Susan $as cleaning the kitchen andpatio.

The bedroom $as being cleaned bythem.The kitchen and patio $ere beingcleaned by Susan.

P005T P0F0T; PAT P0F0T and F:T:0 P0F0T&assive form#

have3has been 4 past participlehad been 4 past participle

Active8 Present PerfectI have mailed the gift.*ack has mailed the gifts.

Passive8 Present PerfectThe gift has been mailed by me.The gifts have been mailed by *ack.

Active8 Past PerfectSteven Spielberg had directed themovie.&enny !arshall had directed thosemovies.

Passive8 Past PerfectThe movie had been directed by StevenSpielberg.The movies had been directed by &enny!arshall.

Active8 F"t"re Perfect*ohn $ill have finished the proect netmonth.They $ill have finished the proectsbefore then.

Passive8 F"t"re PerfectThe proect $ill have been finished bynet month.The proects $ill have been finishedbefore then.

F:T:0 T050&assive forms# $ill 4 be 4 past participle

is3are going to be 4 past participle

Active8 F"t"re !ith


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future It will be beingwashed.

conditional It would be beingwashed.

perfect simple

present It has beenwashed.

past It had beenwashed.

future It will have beenwashed.

conditional It would have beenwashed.

perfect continuous

present It has been beingwashed.

past It had been beingwashed.

future It will have been beingwashed.

conditional It would have been beingwashed.

Active or Passive Voice

1.

Everybody ___ by the terrible news yesterday.

shocked

was shocked

2.

r. !reen ___ at the "niversity since 1#$#.

has been teachin%

has been tau%ht

&.

'ot much ___ about the accident since that time.

has said

has been said

(.

) new book ___ by that company next year.will publish

will be published


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*.

He ___ the %irl+s name now.

remembers

is remembered

,.

-he secretary ___ to her new boss yesterday.

introduced

was introduced

.

/ur plan ___ by the members of the committee.is bein% considered

is considered

$.

He ___ responsible for the accident.

was holdin%

was held

#.

) pri0e ___ to whoever solves this euation.

will be %ivin%

will be %iven

1.

3hen the mana%er arrived4 the problem ___ .

had already been solved.

had already solved.


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Active or Passive Qui

1I ate a piece of chocolate cake.

2-he librarian read the book to the students.

&-he money was stolen.

(-hey are paid on 5ridays.

*-he movie is bein% made in Hollywood.

,I washed my car three weeks a%o.

His hair was cut by a professional.

$I will introduce you to my boss this week.

#It would have been fixed on the weekend.

1-he national anthem is bein% sun% by 6ason this time.


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Active or Passive Voice answers

1.

Everybody ___ by the terrible news yesterday.

shocked

was shocked

2.

r. !reen ___ at the "niversity since 1#$#.

has been teachin%

has been tau%ht

&.

'ot much ___ about the accident since that time.

has said

has been said

(.

) new book ___ by that company next year.

will publish

will be published

*.

He ___ the %irl+s name now.

remembers

is remembered

,.

-he secretary ___ to her new boss yesterday.

introduced


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was introduced

.

/ur plan ___ by the members of the committee.

is bein% considered

is considered

$.

He ___ responsible for the accident.

was holdin%

was held

#.

) pri0e ___ to whoever solves this euation.

will be %ivin%

will be %iven

1.

3hen the mana%er arrived4 the problem ___ .

had already been solved.

had already solved.

Active or Passive Qui

1

I ate a piece of chocolate cake.

2-he librarian read the book to the students.

&-he money was stolen.

(-hey are paid on 5ridays.

*-he movie is bein% made in Hollywood.

,I washed my car three weeks a%o.


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His hair was cut by a professional.

$I will introduce you to my boss this week.

#It would have been fixed on the weekend.

1 -he national anthem is bein% sun% by 6ason this time.

acitve and passive

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