ACMT Misc Tox Jeopardy

Irritants Cancer-

Causing

Famous

Disasters

MetHb

Formers

Name Alert

(sound similar)

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-Potent herbicide & biocide-Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, food suppls, & resins-WWI Lacrimator

Acrolein

-Used to make plexiglass-Plastics, paper, dentistry, cosmetics, toys

Acrylates

-Fumigant, solvent-Production of dye, lubricants, adhesives, drugs-Penetrates rubber-Sweet, chloroform odor has poor warning property

Epichlorohydrin

-Fumigant (grain- banned, 1948)-Fire extinguishers-Lead scavenger in gasoline

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

Flu-like illness following exposure to heated vapors

Polymer fume fever (similar to metal fume fever)

IARC Classification

Group 1 Carcinogenic to humansGroup 2A Probably carcinogenic to humansGroup 2B Possibly carcinogenic to humansGroup 3 Not classifiable... to humans Group 4 Probably not carcinogenic to humans

Agents Causing Liver Cancer

•Aflatoxins (mold)•Anabolic steroids•Arsenic= angiosarcoma•Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)??•Vinyl chloride (PVC manufacturing)= angiosarcoma

Agents Causing Bladder Cancer

•Aniline P-Phenylenediamine (PPD)

•Aromatic Amines Benzidine, -naphthylamine

•Arsenic

•Aristolochia (herb): uretheral CA

Agents Causing Leukemia/ Lymphoma

•Benzene•Butadienes (2A): lymphohematopoetic •P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) (also bladder CA)

Agents Causing Lung Cancer

•Asbestos (mesothelioma)•Arsenic•Cadmium•Chromium•Coal Tar Products (also brain, skin scrotal CA)•Nickel•Tobacco smoke: benzo(a)pyrene

Bhopal, India

Union Carbide release of:Methylisocyanate (MIC)

Toxic Oil Syndrome

Spain, 1982

Rapeseed oil denatured with aniline (pulmonary disease)

Jake Leg Paralysis

Triorthocresyl phosphate: -Jamacian ginger contaminated by TOCP-delayed sensory-motor neuropathy

Also:Morocco: OPIDN after TOCP adulterated cooking oil

Epping England, 1965

Flour + methylenedianilineToxic hepatitis“Epping Jaundice”

Turkey, 1956

Wheat + hexachlorobenzenePorphyria cunea tarda

Used as: oxidizer, pesticide, explosives, bleaching paper

Chlorates

Used to make explosives & dyes

Dinitrobenzene also

Dinitrotoluene

Dyes, solvent, emulsifier (skin creams/ latex)

Sensitizer= contact dermatitisSensitizer= occupational asthma

Ethylenediamine

O-Phenylenediamine (OPD) vsP-Phenylenediamine (PPD)

Similarities vs different toxicities?

Similarities: both are used in dyes

O-Phenylenediamine (OPD) -Severe urticaria/ dermatitis

P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) -Bladder cancer

-Used to manufacture dyes and pharmaceuticals-Gasoline additive-Intermediate in synthesis of:

wood preservativeswetting agents for textilesfrothing agents for ore dressingspecial lacquersmetal complexes

Xylidine

Acrylamides vs Acrylates-Similarities-Differences

Similarities: polymer productionIrritants

Differences:Acrylamide- axonopathy

Dimethylamine vsDimethylacetamide (DMAC) vsDimethylformamide

Dimethylamine-Breaks down to HCl, phosgene-P. neuropathy

Dimethylacetamide-Paint remover, solvent for plastics-Potent hepatotoxin

Dimethylformamide-Universal solvent, penetrates plastics-Potent hepatotoxin-Disulfiram rxn

Dinitrobenzene vsDinitrotoluene

-Similarities-Differences

Similarities:-Used in explosives-MetHb-Yellowing of skin/ hair/ eyes

-Optic neuropathy

Differences:DNB -Hepatic necrosis, aplastic anemia

DNT -Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

Ethylene dibromide vsEthylenediamine

Ethylene dibromide -Fumigant, fire extinguishers, lead scavenger in gas -Hepatotoxicity -Strong irritant -Animal carcinogen (hemangiosarcoma, nasal CA)

Ethylenediamine -Solvent, dyes, emulsifier -Sensitizer: contact dermatitis, occup asthma -MetHb

Odorant in natural gas

Mercaptans(Mercaptomethane)