acne v new1
TRANSCRIPT
ACNE VULGARIS
selflimited chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit that is seen primarily in adolescents
common 14-17, 16-19
ETIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS
four basic steps (1) follicular epidermal hyperproliferation,
(2) excess sebum production, (3) inflammation, and(4) the presence and activity of Propioni bacterium acne
the corneocytes, are normally shed into the lumen of the follicle and extruded through the follicular ostium,
Comedon formationIncrease proliferation of
keratinocytes and their cohesion,Excess corneocytesPlugging of the follicular
openining retaintion and accumulation of cells, sebum, and bacteria,
further expansion of the follicular unit + baccterial proliferation perifollicular inflamation, PAPULE
As the forces increase,
rupture of the comedo wall with extrusion of the immunogenic keratin and sebum occurs, with resultant inflammation+ scarring
Melanin deposition and lipid oxidation within the debris may be responsible for the black coloration.
what stimulates keratinoryte hyperproliferation and increased adhesion ?
Androgen receptors, found in the cells of the basal layer of the sebaceous gland and the outer root sheath of the hair follicle, are responsive to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone,
CLINICAL FEATURES
CLASSIFICATION
comedonalMild papulo-pustular
Moderate papulo-pustular
Severe Nodular / conglobate
siteINFLAMMATORY VS NON INFLAMMATORY
COMPLICATION
four general types of acne scars: ice pick, rolling, boxcar, and hypertrophic Ice pick scars are narrow, deep scars that
arewidest at the surface of the skin and taper
to a point in the dermis. Rolling scars are shallow, wide scars that
havean undulating appearance. Boxcar scars are wide, sharply
demarcated scars. the width of boxcar scars is similar at the surface and base.
hypertrophic.
Psycological impact
MANAGMENT
Topical therapy
Systemic therapy
SURGICAL THERAPY
PHYSICAL THERAPY
Cleansing BPO or SA .
Bid washing with a gentle cleanser --- application of acne Rx.
SYSTEMIC THERAPY Antibiotics and Antibacterial Agents for moderate-to-severe acne, with inflammatory
disease.
for Rx chest, back or shoulder acne.
takes 6 to 8 wks to see efficacy.
keeping pts free of disease for 1 to 2 mos before each decrease in dosage is best to prevent flaring.
Most courses of oral therapy are of at least 3 to 6 months duration
doxycycline o in dosages of 50 to 100 mg bid.
Drug induced acne Inflamed papules
and pustules develop on a
background of erythema that favors the distribution of corticosteroid application.
Lesions resolve with discontinuation of the corticosteroid, although steroid dependency can lead to prolonged and severe flares post withdrawal
Acne fulminans is the most severe form of cystic acne and is characterized by the abrupt onset of nodular and suppurative acne in association with variable systemic manifestations.
Severe, eruptive nodulocystic acne without systemic manifestations is termed acne conglobata
Acne mechanica occurs secondary to repeated mechanical and frictional obstruction of the pilosebaceous outlet
VARIANTS neonatal Infantile Acne Conglobata Acne fulminans SAPHO syndrome PAPA Acne Excoriee des jeunes Filles Acne Mechanica Acne form eruptions …….
ROSACEA
ROSACEA chronic disorder affecting the
facial convexities, characterized by frequent flushing, persistent erythema and telangiectasia, interspersed by episodes of inflammation during which swelling, papules and pustules are evident
EPIDEMIOLOGY most common in fair-skinned
individuals, but it can occur in any skin type.
The peak in both incidence and disease severity is in the third and fourth decades of life,
occasionally in children,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Antimicrobial peptides--Cathelicidins Neoangiogenesis and vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) overexpression Reactive oxygen species-Nu Ferritin expression Microbial organisms-D F- Demodex
folliculorum Perivascular versus perifollicular
inflammation Chemicals and ingested agents Dermal matrix degeneration Climatic exposures Vasculature hyperreactivity.
induced by the use of topical corticosteroids on the face
UV light hot or cold temperature, sunlight,
wind, hot drinks, spicy food, exercise, alcohol, emotions, cosmetics, topical irritants, Menopausal flushing, and medications_ Niacin...vasoactive
SUB TYPES Erythematotelangiectatic type
Papulopustular rosacea Phymatous rosacea Ocular mild moderate severe
ERYTHEMATOTELANGIECTATIC
VASCULARPersistent facial erythema and flushing along with telangiectases, central face edema, burning and stinging, roughness or scaling
PAPULOPUSTULAR ROSACEA
INFLAMMATORYpersistent,central-face erythema with papules andpustules
PHYMATOUS ROSACEA
Patulous follicular orifices,thickenedskin, nodularities, and irregular surface contourOvergrowth of sebaceous glands
OCULAR
BlepharitisConjunctivitiskeratitis
VARIANT
Granulomatous rosacea Yellowbrown or red papules or nodules thatare monomorphic and located on thecheeks and periorificial facial skin
THANK U