act 304_atomic energy licensing act 1984
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. TENG IYU LIN
LICENSING DIVISION
Atomic Energy Licensing Board
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)
MALAYSIA
Practical challenges in implementing
the BSS requirements(Regulatory Control of NORM):
MALAYSIA
Ensuring Safety, Security & Safeguarding Peaceful Nuclear Activities
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CONTENT
AELB, ACT & REGULATIONS NORM IN MALAYSIA
ACT 304
LICENSING REGULATIONS, 1986
BASIC SAFETY RADIATION PROTECTION, 2010
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2011
EXEMPTION ORDER – LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL & SMALL AMANG FACTORY
CODE OF PRACTICE - OIL & GAS
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS BASED ON GSR PART 3
CHALLENGES
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Ministry of Science,
Technology & Innovation
(General Secretary)
Minister of Science,
Technology & Innovation
Director General
AELB Department
Executive
Secretary
Nuclear
Installation
Division
Policy, Code &
Standard
Division
Technical
Support Division
Licensing
Division
Enforcement
Division
Administrative
Services
Division
Standing
Safety
Committee
Sub-
standing
SafetyCommittee
The Board
(5 Members)
AELB, ACT & REGULATIONS
Regulatory Body:
• Atomic EnergyLicensing Board(AELB) was establish
under Section 3 of the Act. 304• Ensuring safety,
security andsafeguarding peacefulNuclear Activities
Atomic EnergyLicensing Act 1984
(Act 304)
• To provide for theregulation andcontrol of atomicenergy;
• For theestablishment ofstandards on liabilityfor nuclear damage;and
• For mattersconnected therewithor related thereto.
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• Regulations: provides more detailed
provisions entrusted by the Act.
Section 68 Act 304
• Provides guides, codes and standards
to comply with and achieve goal
impose in regulations
Hierarchy of Legal System
• Act: provides the basic law
concerning the development and
utilization of atomic energy and
safety regulations.
Orders and Conditions
of License
Guidelines, Codes
and Standards
Atomic Energy Licensing Act (1984 )
(
ACT 304)
Regulations
• Provides additional requirement which
not stated in the regulations or special
matters related to provisions entrusted
by the Act
Orders: Sec 69 Act 304
Licence conditions: Section 17 Act 304
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Scope of the Act 304
To control
any :
radioactive materials,
nuclear materials,
prescribed substances, or
irradiating apparatus
in
medical and non
-
medical
application.
ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING ACT 1984
(ACT 304)
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ATOMIC ENERGY ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA
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a. NON MEDICAL ACTIVITIES
Gamma sterilization
Non Destructive Testing
Gauging Oil Logging
NORM/ TENORM
Research
Archeology
Others…
b. MEDICAL ACTIVITIES
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NORM IN MALAYSIA
NORM vs TENORM:a) Milling of minerals containing naturally occurring radionuclides:
RAW MATERIAL – PROCESS PRODUCT + BY PRODUCT
(NORM) (TENORM)
b) Tin mining/ smelting activities
TIN MINING: TIN CONCENTRATE + TIN TAILING
TIN SMELTING: TIN INGOT + TIN SLAG
c) Oil and gas industries
OIL SCALE AND SLUDGE
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NORM RESIDUES/ WASTES
GYPSUM
IRON OXIDE
TIN TAILIN(AMANG)
TIN SLAG
OIL SLUDGE/SCALE
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RADIATION PROTECTION
REGULATIONS (LICENSING) 1986
Explain the procedure and information needed to obtain,renew and amend the license from the Board.
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CLASS A
ACTIVITY
-Manufacture
-Trade in
-Produce-Process
-Purchase
-Own
-Possess
-Transfer
-Handle
-Sell
-Store
-Import
-Export
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL
CLASS B
NUCLEAR
MATERIAL
CLASS C
IRRADIATING
APPARATUS
CLASS D
TRANSPORTATION
CLASS E
IMPORT &
EXPORT
CLASS F
NUCLEAR
INSTALLATION
CLASS G CLASS H
OTHERS DISPOSAL/STORAGE
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
BEFORE DISPOSE
ACTIVITY ACTIVITYACTIVITYACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
-Same as
Class A
-Purchase
-Sell
-Trade in-Transfer
-Import
-Export
-Possess
-Own
-Use
-Store
-Handle
-Transport -Import
-Export
-Same as
Class A
-Dispose
-Store
-Maintenance
-Leak test
REG 3:CLASSIFICATION OF LICENCE
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Introduction
Atomic Energy Licensing (Basic Safety Radiation Protection)
Regulations 2010 [P.U.(A) 46] replaced the
[Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standards) Regulations, 1988]
Come into operation on 15th February 2010; and
Describe the principles of radiation protection and safety such as,
system of dose limitation (justification, optimization), medicalexposure, operational radiation protection and role of licensee and
radiation worker.
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ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (BASIC SAFETY
RADIATION PROTECTION) 2010
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ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING
(RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT) REGULATIONS,
2011
1. COMMENCEMENT:
REGULATIONS COME INTO OPERATION ON 16 AUGUST 2011
2. APPLICATION:
SHALL APPLY TO ALL ASPECTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT ARISING FROM MEDICAL, INDUSTRY, RESEARCH &
ANY OTHER APPLICATION WHICH MAY BE SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD.
3. INTERPRETATION:
CLEARANCE LEVEL – THE VALUES ESTABLISHED BY THE BOARD
AND EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OR
TOTAL ACTIVITY, AT OR BELOW WHICH THE SOURCE OF RADIATION
MAY BE RELEASED FROM CONTROL (2nd SCHEDULE)
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eg. SECOND SCHEDULE
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EXEMPTION
1. ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (EXEMPTION) (LOW LEVELRADIOACTIVE MATERIAL) 2002 - CALIBRATION SOURCE,
CHECK SOURCE, STANDARD SOURCE, REFERENCE SOURCE
2. ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING (EXEMPTION) (SMALLAMANG FACTORY) 1994.
Small Amang Factory” means any factory processing amang
which may cause exposure of ionizing radiation to the wholebody of a worker not exceeding 50 milisieverts (mSv) per
annum.
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CODE OF PRACTICE ON RADIATION PROTECTION
RELATING TO TECHNICALLY ENHANCED NATURALLY
OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (TENORM) IN OIL
AND GAS FACILITIES
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Parameter Control Limit
External dose rate 0.5 uSv/h
Contaminated materials:
External dose rate at 5 cm from
surface
0.5 uSv/h
Waste categorization based on TAC:
Total Activity Concentration (TAC)
3.0 Bq/g (inclusive
b/ground)
Waste disposal:
- Dose to critical group
0.3 mSv/y
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CODE OF PRACTICE
ON RADIATIONPROTECTION
RELATING TO
TECHNICALLY
ENHANCED
NATURALLYOCCURRING
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIAL
(TENORM) IN OIL
AND GAS FACILITIES
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
IAEA: GSR PART 3
1. INTRODUCTION
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRORECTION AND
SAFETY
3. PLANNED ESPOSURE SITUATIONS
4. EMERGENCY EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
5. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
AELB: Atomic Energy Licensing (Basic Safety Radiation
Protection) Regulations 2010 [P.U.(A) 46]
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1. INTRODUCTION
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Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources:
International Basic Safety Standards (GSR Part 3) establish
requirements for the protection of people and the
environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and
for the safety of radiation sources which apply to the 3categories of exposure:
a. Occupational exposure
b. Public exposure; andc. Medical exposure
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2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION AND
SAFETY
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Application of all principles of radiation protection for all exposure
situations
Establish and maintain an appropriate and effective legal and
regulatory framework for protection and safety
Training and recognition of competence workers in protection and
safety Graded approach to the implementation of the system of protection
and safety
Protection and safety elements of the management system – Safety
culture/ human factors
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ACT 304 GSR Part 3
Dose limits :
8(1) Workers – 20 mSv/y
9(1) Public – 1 mSv/y
Dose limits :
Workers – 20 mSv/y
Public – 1 mSv/y
Competence workers – RPO/
RPA
Training and recognition of
competence workers in
protection and safetyTraining – Specified in
Radiation Protection Program
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REGULATORY CONTROL
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REGULATORY CONTROL
Act 304 GSR Part 3
Authorization:
Licensing (Class A-milling; Class G –
store/ dispose of radioactive wastes;
Class H- D&D, consultation)
Enforcement: inspection, environmentalmonitoring & sampling etc
Graded approach to the
implementation of the
system of protection and
safety
Registration: SEM, Lightning Arrester
Release from Regulatory Control:RADIOACTIVE WASTE (NORM): U/Th < 1
Bq/g
OIL SLUDGE: TAC < 3.0 Bq/g
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Monitoringmethods
Soil
In-Situ TLD
Water
Air
ERMS
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3. PLANNED EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
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SCOPE: The mining and processing of raw materials that involve
exposure due to radioactive material;
Eg: rare earth extraction plants
Exposure due to natural sources (in general considered anexisting exposure situation), the relevant requirements for
planned exposure situations apply to: Exposure due to material
where the activity concentration in the material of any
radionuclide in the uranium or thorium decay chains is greater
than 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40 is greater than10 Bq/g.
Eg: ex-mining activities (Amang plants)
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3. PLANNED EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
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GRADED APPROACH- Licensing: Processing of minerals containing NORM
- Exemption & Registration: Amang plant
NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION
- Section 12(1)(b) Act 304- Radiation Protection (Licensing) Regulations 1986
Class A (milling) licence
Licence conditions (import/ export/store/process etc)
EXEMPTION AND CLEARANCE- eg. Small Amang Plant Exemption Order 1994
- Clearance levels Schedule 2 (Waste Regulations, 2011)
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EXPOSURE DUE TO NATURAL SOURCES IS IN GENERAL
CONSIDERED AN EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATION AND IS
SUBJECT TO THE REQUIREMENTS STATED IN SECTION 5.
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TABLE 1-3 LEVEL FOR CLEARANCE OF MATERIAL:
ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES OF
NAUTRAL ORIGIN
Radionuclide Activity Concentration
(Bq/g)
K-40 10
Each radionuclides in theuranium and thorium decay
chains
1
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3. AUTHORIZATION: REQUIREMENTS
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DOSE LIMITS
- Workers: 20 mSv/yr - Public; 1 mSv/yr
SAFETY ASSESSMENT
- Shall be conducted at different stages including the stages of siting, design,
manufacture, construction, assembly, commissioning, operation, maintenance
and decommissioning.
MONITORING FOR VERIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE
- Review and approve monitoring & measurements program
- Emergency Preparedness and Response
- Maintain inventory records
- Occupational exposure –
compliance with dose limits
- Monitoring of the workplace
- Workers health surveillance
- Training
- Classifications of working areas
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4. EMERGENCY EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
Emergency management system is established and
maintained for the purposes of emergency response to
protect human life, health and the environment in the event
of a nuclear or radiation emergency.
Technical Guide:
- LEM/TEK/66: for the preparation of Emergency Plan and
Drill
- Training & Drill –
once/year (internal)
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National Radiological
Emergency Response Drill
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5. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS
Existing exposure situations apply to:
i. Contamination of areas by residual radioactive material –
pastactivities that never subject to regulatory control, eg. Tin mining
ii. Exposure due to natural sources, in which the activity
concentration of no radionuclide in either the uranium or thorium
decay chains exceeds 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40
does not exceed 10 Bq/g
The regulatory body shall ensure:
Remediation of areas with residual radioactive materials
- Landfilling/ reclamation
Establish and implement an action plan for controlling public
exposure due to radon indoors- ventilation
Establish and enforce requirements for the protection of workers
- environmental monitoring
- PPE provided to the workers
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CHALLENGES
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1. Existing exposure situation: Contamination of areas by residual
radioactive Material (tin mining activities); which radionuclide in eitherthe uranium or thorium decay chains exceeds 1 Bq/g or the activity
concentration of K-40 exceed 10 Bq/g [REMEDIATION]
2. Processing of raw materials that involve exposure due to material
where the activity concentration in the material of any radionuclide in
the uranium or thorium decay chains is greater than 1 Bq/g or theactivity concentration of K-40 is greater than 10 Bq/g.
[AUTHORIZATION]
3. Public acceptance – After the Fukushima accident, the decision making
process in controlling and supervising atomic energy activities,
especially related to mineral processing and disposal of radioactivewaste containing NORM had been reviewed. [PUBLIC
ACCEPTANCE]
4. Competence authority - Increase public confidence: 3S (SAFETY,
SECURITY & SAFEGUARD)
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1. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATION
Existing exposure situation: Contamination of areas byresidual radioactive Material (tin mining activities); which
radionuclide in either the uranium or thorium decay chains
exceeds 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40 exceed
10 Bq/g
Isodose mapping throughout the country (environmental
monitoring and sampling etc)
Remediation of ex-mining areas (landfilling/ reclamation)
Development of ex-mining areas (Future plan)
- Ventilation
- PPE to workers
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MONITORING EQUIPMENTS AND PPE
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2. PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS
Processing of raw materials that involve exposure due to
material where the activity concentration in the material of
any radionuclide in the uranium or thorium decay chains is
greater than 1 Bq/g or the activity concentration of K-40 is
greater than 10 Bq/g.
Authorization: Licensing
Licence conditions: Import/ exports/ storage/ processing
Radioactive waste management
-waste minimization (Reduce, Reuse. Recycle)
- disposal facility
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3. PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
Indirectly, Fukushima accident also had influenced thedecision making process in controlling the atomic energy
activities in Malaysia. This also had given big impact on the
level of thrust to the regulator in controlling and
supervising atomic energy activities, especially related tomineral processing and disposal of radioactive waste
containing NORM.
Thus, AELB have increased its public engagement activitiesand make it a compulsory to all applicants for mineral
containing NORM processing and radioactive waste
disposal activities.
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Public Acceptance Activities Outreach/ Awareness program
-Outreach program
–
to the politicians, other governmental officers, industries, schooland universities students
- Awareness program & Public communication - Address Public Concern, Ensure Safety
& Health Of The Public, Workers And The Environment
Public Engagement
- Media briefing
- Presentation
- FAQ (online)
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NUCLEAR SECURITY & PHYSICAL PROTECTION:
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CATEGORY 1-3:
SECURITY PLAN
THREAT ASSESSMENT
NATIONAL RADIOACTIVE AND NUCLEAR DETECTION SYSTEM(PORTAL MONITOR):
To prevent illicit trafficking/illegal movement of radioactive and
nuclear material
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM (ERMS): A detection of early warning sign of trans-boundary
radioactivity on the environmental in case of any radiation or
nuclear contamination
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4. COMTEPENCE AUTHORITY: TO ENHANCE
PUBLIC CONFIDENCE
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INFRASTRUCTURE FOR
MONITORING OF 3’S’: SAFETY,SECURITY AND SAFEGUARDS
- Incident
- Accident
- Sabotage
- Illicit trafficking
- Misused
Environmental radiationmonitoring system
Illicit trafficking & border control
National Emergency
Response Centre
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NUCLEAR SECURITY & PHYSICAL PROTECTION
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Malaysia have installed ten (10) units of Environmental Radiation
Monitoring System (ERMS) throughout the country that gives a detection of early warning sign of trans-boundary radioactivity on the environmental incase of any radiation or nuclear contamination
Data from all site are transmitted and monitored at AELB control centre.
Environmental Radiation Monitoring System ERMS
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