action of a simple cell. zinc rod (-) copper rod (+) dilute sulphuric acid h 2 so 4 zn 2+ h+h+ h+h+...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
e
![Page 2: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
To make a simple cell in a Laboratory, the following are required:
Copper rod.
![Page 3: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
To make a simple cell in a Laboratory, the following are required :
Copper rod. Zinc rod.
![Page 4: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
To make a simple cell in a Laboratory, the following are required.
Copper rod. Zinc rod. dilute sulphuric acid.
![Page 5: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
To make a simple cell in a Laboratory, the following are required.
Copper rod. Zinc rod. dilute sulphuric acid. Connecting wire.
![Page 6: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
To make a simple cell in a Laboratory, the following are required.
Copper rod. Zinc rod. dilute sulphuric acid. Connecting wire Beaker 100 cm3.
![Page 7: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
When the Copper and Zinc plates are joined by awire and dipped into dilute sulphuric acid the following observations are made:
The Zinc rod slowly dissolves in the sulphuric acid.
![Page 8: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
When the Copper and Zinc plates are joined by awire and dipped into dilute sulphuric acid the following observations are made:
The Zinc rod slowly dissolves in the sulphuric acid.
![Page 9: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
When the Copper and Zinc plates are joined by awire and dipped into dilute sulphuric acid the following observations are made:
Bubbles of Hydrogen are formed on the copper plate.
![Page 10: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Action of a Simple cell.
A current of electrons drifts through the wire from the Zinc to Copper.
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Action of a Simple cell.
dilute sulphuric acid ionises according to the equation.
H2SO4(aq) 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
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Action of a Simple cell.
Zinc atoms dissolves from the Zinc plate and go into solution as Zn2+ ions each of which leaves two electrons behind on the Zinc rod.
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Action of a Simple cell.
These electrons are the source of electron current which goes through the wire from the Zinc to the Copper.
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What happens at the Copper rod?
At the Copper rod Hydrogen ions are discharged to form Hydrogen atoms and molecules.
H+ + e H atom H + H H2(g)
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Conventional direction of electric current.
Current flows from positive terminal of a cell to the negative terminal.
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Conventional direction of electric current.
The electrons are driven by ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE emf.
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Emf of a cell.
Emf of a cell is equal to the potential difference across its terminal when it is not producing current in a circuit.
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Emf of a simple cell.
The emf of a simple cell is about 1.0 volts.
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Emf of a simple cell.
If a small pocket bulb is connected to the terminals of acell its filament will glow for a few minutes.
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Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
e
![Page 21: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+
H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
e
![Page 22: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
ee
![Page 23: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
eee
![Page 24: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
eeee
![Page 25: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+SO4
2-
e
eeeee
![Page 26: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+H+
H+
SO42-
e
eeeeee
![Page 27: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
eeeeee
e
![Page 28: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
eeeeee
e
e
![Page 29: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Action of a simple cell.
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e
eeeeee
e
e
![Page 30: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Faults of a Simple cell.
The emf of a simple cell quickly falls to a small value From about 1.0 V to 0.2 V.
![Page 31: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Polarisation.
The defect results from formation of a layer
of Hydrogen bubbles on the Copper Plate and is called Polarisation.
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Polarisation.
• The hydrogen layer sets up a back emf in the cell in opposition to that due to Copper and Zinc.
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Polarisation.
• The hydrogen gas partially insulates the plate hence increases the internal resistance of the cell.
![Page 34: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How to stop Polarisation.
• The original emf of the cell can be restored by adding a depolarizing agent Potassium dichromate to the cell which oxidises hydrogen to water.
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Local Action.
If the Zinc used is impure Bubbles of hydrogen will be seen coming off the Zinc.
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Local Action.
This is called Local Action
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Local Action.
Local action is produced by the presence of impurities such as
carbon
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Local Action.
Local action is produced by the presence of impurities such as
carbon iron
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Local Action.
Which set up tiny local cells at the Zinc surfaces.
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Local Action.
Bubbles of hydrogen are given off from the impurity and the surrounding Zinc slowly dissolves in the acid.
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Local Action.
This merely wastes the Zinc.
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To prevent Local Action.
. To prevent local action the Zinc is cleaned and a small globule of mercury is rubbed over the surface with a piece of cotton wool.
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To prevent Local Action.
The mercury forms a bright coating of Zinc amalgam all over the surface.
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To prevent Local Action
The amalgam covers up the impurities and prevents them from coming into contact with the acid.
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That’s the end of the lesson.
Get ready to answer some revision questions
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Revison Questions.
State five materials required to make a simple cell in a lab
i. .............................
ii. ...............................
iii. ..............................
iv. ..............................
v. ..............................
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Revision questions.
2 When Copper and Lead are joined by a wire when dipped in sulphuricacid
i. ..................... Slowly dissolves into the sulphuric acid.
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Revision questions.
2 When Copper and Lead are joined by a wire when dipped in sulphuricacid
ii .................... ........................ are formed on the Copper plate.
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Revision questions.
2 When Copper and Lead are joined by a wire when dipped in sulphuricacid
iii a current of electrons drifts through the wire from the ................... To the ...........
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Revision questions.
3 Conventional current direction is from .......................terminal of a cell to ........................ The terminal.
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Revision questions.
4 Emf means ..............................................
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Revision questions.
5 Electrons in a cell are driven by ................
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Revision questions.
6 Emf of a simple cell is
A 0.2 V
B 1.0 V
C 1.5 V
D 2.5 V
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Revision questions.
7 Presence of Emf is shown by ..................... .....................
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Revision questions.
8 Emf of a Simple cell quickly falls to a small value due to formation ................. ........... on the copper plate
9 This defect is called.................................
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Revision questions.
10 The hydrogen layer sets up a ........... .........and partially insulates the plate hence increases the .................. ................ of the cell.
![Page 57: Action of a simple cell. Zinc rod (-) Copper rod (+) Dilute sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 Zn 2+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ SO 4 2- e e](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081414/5513ef7855034679748b5b30/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Revision questions.
The original emf of the cell can be restored by adding a ........................ called .............................. ..................................
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Revision questions.
If impure zinc is used in a simple cell, then local action can be prevented by using ................... .....................
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The end
This work was Produced and presented by
John Ssemmondo
P O Box 1901
Kampala
tel 075630283
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Faults of a Simple cell
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
e e eee
e
e
e
e
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
Dilute sulphuric acid H2SO4
Zn 2+H+
H+
H+
SO42-
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)
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Action of a simple cell
Zinc rod (-)Copper rod (+)