action research pd session 2 (data collection and lit review)
TRANSCRIPT
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DATA COLLECTION
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Triangulation
The use of multiple sources of data
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Data Collection:
Tests/Assessments Some Examples
Teacher-Made Test
Standardized Test
Personality Test
Skills Assessment
Physical Fitness Test/Assessment
Intelligence Test ???
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Data Collection:
Survey/Q
uestionnai
re
Paper or Online
Often include
scales
open-ended items
Close-ended items
Partially close-ended
InterestNot at all
true
Somewhat
trueVery true
I enjoy doing math 1 2 3 4 5
I like math 1 2 3 4 5
I enjoy the subject of math 1 2 3 4 5
Math is exciting to me 1 2 3 4 5
I am fascinated by math 1 2 3 4 5
How might math and biology fit together?
OR
Name 2 careers a mathematician might have.
How many TVs are in your home?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. more than 3
In your opinion, what is the most important issue
facing the US today?
a. war c. environmental problems
b. poverty d. Other (Please specify):___
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Observation
Instruments/Guides Characteristics of individuals and of group
Description of physical surroundings
Description of Interactions and Nonverbalbehavior
Include key elements that you wish to observe
You may include rating scales for key elements
Include opportunity for general observationsSometimes, observing what does NOT happen
may be as important as observing what happens.
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Observation Instrument/Guide:
Example
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Data Collection:
Inte
rview
Interview Tips:
Be specific with your questions, but not too
specific.
Use simple, concise language
Dont talk too much!
Alternate types of questions (closed/open, brief
response/longer response)
Interview in private
Have a plan, but be flexible
Record brief notes, then fill in immediately after
interview.
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Data Collection:
Inte
rview P
rotocol Example
Biology & Math Teachers ID #: ________ School: _________ Date: ___
________
Describe how the (Computer modeling of disease outbreaks) was implemented in your
class [also identify class, student demographics (student race/ethnicity and gender), length of
time & number of sessions allotted for module completion, and extent of teacher collaborations].
Describe how well the students made the connection between math and biology byparticipating in this module. (Please cite examples of these student connections)
Do you feel the students have a betterunderstanding of the content aftermodule
completion versus a more traditional teaching format? Why orwhy not?
Has the (module title) activity led to more communication amongst yourpeers, especially
those in math and biology? Cite examples of these connections.
Did you find that, afterreceiving workshop training on the content and use of the module,
the module was relatively easy to implement? Explain. Did you have any material accessibility problems (e.g., technology, obtaining copies of
related materials)? If so, what were these problems?
What would a teacherwho did not participate in workshop training need in order to
implement the module in the classroom?
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the module.
Additional comments/concerns/recommendations?
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Data Collection:
Reco
rd Keeping (Cont)
Maps
Checklists
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Alignment
Presentation
Data Analysis
Instrument Development/Data Collection
Literature Review
Research Question
Research purpose
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Assignment
Design yourown data collection instrument.If you find an existing
instrument that you would like to modify for your own use, be sure to cite it
AND
Include a description of: Your topic and research questions.
Your data collection technique (test/assessment, survey, observation, interviews, focus
groups, etc)
A rationale why did you decide to collect data using this technique?
A description of your data collection instrument
Your proposed data collection process/timeline (How will you collect data, when, from
whom, and how many times/how often. These will differ depending on your researchproject.)
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REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
ANDREA WEINBERG
FEBRUARY 10
EDRM 602: Action Research
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But first A tip for writing about your
purpose/context:Be descriptive
Inadequate teaching and
learning materials are provided by
the school.
Students are not individually assigned texts or
allowed to take them home. Rather, each
science classroom has a classroom set of
textbooks. When there are not enough texts to
go around, students are required to share.
Many textbooks and are not only in poor
condition but outdated as well. Texts used in
Biology classes date back to 1981.
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Alignment
Presentation
Data Analysis
Instrument Development/Data Collection
Literature Review
Research Question
Research purpose
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the literature review WHY???
To educate yourself on the primary theoretical
approaches to your discipline, as well as the primary
actors:
Who are the most important scholars in your discipline?
What questions have they asked and answered?
What controversies remain within the discipline?
To provide yourself with an intellectual, historical and
theoretical context within which to frame your research andwriting.
To illustrate how your field has been previously studied,
and any flaws/gaps/problems with previous research.
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Developing your Literature
Review What is known about the subject?
Are there any gaps in the knowledge of the subject?
Have areas of further study been identified by other researchers
that you may want to consider?
Who are the significant research personalities in this area?
Is there consensus about the topic?
What aspects have generated significant debate on the topic?
What methods or problems were identified by others studying in the
field and how might they impact your research? What is the most productive methodology for your research based
on the literature you have reviewed?
What is the current status of research in this area?
What sources of information or data were identified that might be
useful to you
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Lit Review Steps
Step 1: Identify Key Terms
Step 2: Locate appropriate articles
Step 3: Identify the classic studies Step 4: Scan and group your articles/studies
Step 5: Read Articles
Step 6: Organize/Synthesize
Step 7: Synthesize/Write
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Reading/Evaluating Research
Dont be concerned if you dont understand the
entire article the first time through!!
Look for RECENT articles
Be critical
Consider bias, weaknesses in design (sampling,
data collection, etc)
Watch for recurring authors being cited.
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Lit Review
Step 1: Identify Key Terms
Have a list before you begin
Brainstorm synonyms
Discuss in your group
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Lit Review
Step 2: Locate Articles
Use Database to locate appropriate articles
Focus on primary or secondary sources
Types of sources:
Primary Sources direct reports of original research
Secondary Sources summarize primary source material
Professional Literature based on the perspectives ofexperienced professionals
Institutional Reports from government or institutionalauthorities
Practice literature advocates/presents particular
approaches
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Lit Review
Step 3: Identify the classic studies or reviews of
research on a topic
Look for recurring names of authors/studies
Perform a search to locate these
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Lit Review
Step 4: Scan and group your articles/studies
Organization is up to you, but is generally
done by topic, then subtopic, then
chronological
Example:
Curriculum integration in schools
Article1, 2, 3
Math and Science curriculum integration in schools
Articles 4, 7, 10
Math and Science curriculum integration in high schools
Articles 5, 6, 11
Math and Biology curriculum integration in high schools
Article 12
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Lit Review
Step 5: Read and Analyze Articles
Locate explicit definitions for your key concepts
Look for strengths/weaknesses
What evidence does the article provide (what are
the findings)
Identify trends, gaps, and relationships within
literature
Note how each article relates to your topic
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Lit Review
Step 6: Organize/Synthesize
Consider your purpose
Create an outline of your argument using the
research you have found
Look for gaps in your argument where they existtry to locate more research
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Lit Review
Step 7: Synthesize/Write
Describe the outline you created use headings
Stay focused
Describe the findings (your analysis of studies)
and how they relate to one another
Discuss other literature reviews on the topic
Indicate clearly why each study is relevant to
your topic
Read, read, and read again for coherence andflow!
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Writing Lit Rev
The Literature Review: A few tips onconducting it:http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/litrev.html
Organization of a literature review: helpfulhints:http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/literature_review.html
APA formatting:http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPAReferences.html
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01
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Common Lit Search Problems
Finding too much
Brainstorm how to narrow it down
Finding too little
Brainstorm how to expand
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Alignment
Presentation
Data Analysis
Instrument Development/Data Collection
Literature Review
Research Question
Research purpose
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Article Critiques: Due 2/21/09
Choose 2examples of primary research that
relate to your action research project.
Read, reflect, and report on the following: Purpose of article/research
Summary of key themes/ideas
Description of what was learned
Questions and implications for (classroom) practice
Data collection and analysis (methods) Methodological questions and issues
Sampling (type of sampling, number of participants)
Data collection/analysis
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Lit Review Assignment
Due 3/24/2009
Follow the preceding 7 steps to create a
literature review on your topic .
Step 1: Identify Key Terms - NOW
Step 2: Locate appropriate articles nextweek
Step 3: Identify the classic studies next
week
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Lit Review Suggestions
No she or he, no first names
Use direct quotations sparingly
A literature review is a synthesis of the
research literature not a series of article
critiques
Titles should not be included.
Remove references to you you can discussgenerally the implications of the research, but
In my classroom, I should do this is not
recommended. You will include that later!
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Alignment
Presentation
Data Analysis
Instrument Development/Data Collection
Literature Review
Research Question
Research purpose