active and passive transport rhs
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nursingTRANSCRIPT
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Active and Passive TransportChapter 5
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1. Passive TransportMovement of materials in and out of the cellRequires no energy to happen
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Two Types of Passive TransportDiffusion: When substance moves that is dissolved in waterOsmosis: When water moves across the membrane
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Solutions are made of 2 parts:Solute: Substance that is dissolved in waterSolvent: Liquid it is dissolved in (usually water)
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Next answer some questions about the pictures on your paper
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Vocab:Hypertonic: More solutes than the other solutionHypotonic: Less solutes than the other solutionIsotonic: Equal solutes as another solutionNow go back to the pictures above and label the cell and the environment around it as one of the vocab words
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(a)(b)
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Describing a solutionHypotonic: when a solution is less concentrated than another solutionExample: if around a cell is hypotonic, then water will move into the cell.Can cause a cell to get so large it may burst (cytolysis)
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Hypertonic: When a solution is more concentrated than another solutionIf around a cell is hypertonic, water will move out of the cell Can cause the cell to get very small (in plants will see plasmolysis: wilting)
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Isotonic: when two solutions have the same concentration (are at equilibrium)Causes water to move in and out equallyThe cell maintains its shape
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OsmosisWater moves trying to balance out concentrationsGoes from where there is more water to less water
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What if..Environment around a cell is hypotonic. What direction will the water move?
Salt?
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What if..The environment around a cell is hypertonic.What direction will the water move?
Salt?
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2. Active TransportRequires energyGoes against the concentration gradient (from lower concentration to higher concentration)
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Figure 7.16The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport
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Sodium Potassium PumpCells usually have more sodium ions outside and more potassium ions insidePump increases number of ions where concentration is already high
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When substances are too large to pass through the cell membrane, use endocytosis or exocytosisMembrane folds around substances and release into cell or out of cell
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Figure 7.20 Exploring Endocytosis in Animal Cells
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EndocytosisMaterial moved into cellForms vesiclePinocytosis: LiquidsPhagocytosis: Solids
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ExocytosisMaterial released to outside of cell