Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Activities for new Runway Surface Condition Assessment

Presented by Japan

Civil Aviation Bureau

THE FOURTH MEETING OF THE AERODROMES OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WORKING GROUP (AOP/WG/4)

• Runway Condition Code (RWYCC)• Runway Condition Description• Slippery when wet has an assigned RWYCC• Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM)• Pilot Report of Braking Action is important• Globally harmonized NOTAM (SNOWTAM) format

Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ of new RWY surface condition assessment

RCAM

Snowy area

4

Wakkanai

MonbetsuMemanbetsu

NakashibetsuKushiro

Obihiro

AsahikawaSapporo

New-Chitose

HakodateOkushiri

Aomori

Rishiri

Misawa

Hanamaki

Sendai

Odate-Noshiro

Akita

Shonai Yamagata

FukushimaNiigataSado

HyakuriTokyo-Narita

Tokyo-Haneda

Oshima

Hachijyojima

Miyakejima

Shizuoka

Matsumoto

Chubu-Centrair

Toyama

Noto

Komatsu

Nanki-Shirahama

KansaiYao

OsakaKobe

Okayama

TottoriYonagoIzumo

Oki

Hiroshima

Yamaguchi-Ube Takamatsu

Tokushima Matsuyama KochiOita

Kitakyushu Fukuoka

Tsushima Iki

Saga

Kumamoto

MiyazakiKagoshima

Nagasaki Fukue

Amakusa *

TanegashimaYakushima Naha

Amami-oshima

MiyakoIshigaki

KikaijimaYoron

TokunoshimaOkinoerabu

KumejimaKita-Daitou

Minami-DaitoYonaguni

NiijimaKozushima

Iwami Tajima

45°N

35°N

26°N

Rebun

Ojika kamigoto

Chofu

* oitakenoh

konan *

Nagoya

Iwakuni

Shimojijima

Sea of Japan

Pacific ocean

MLIT managed Airport （20）Local government managed Airport （65）Company managed Airport （4）Civil - Military joint Airport （8）

Current practice

Airport Snow/ice inspection

• Mean depth of snow• Type of snow• Braking action by

measuring device• Coverage etc.

ATCAL FLT

Ops

AIS

Surface friction tester(SFT)

Bowmonk AFM2 Tapley meter

160131 RJAAYNYX(0162/16 NOTAMR 0161/16Q)RJJJ/QQSIC/IV/M/A/000/999/A)RJCH B)1601160131 C)UFNE)S/I COND AS OF 1601160112RUNWAY 12/30 TWY AND APN CONDITIONA2 B1 C3 D5E2 F1 G1 H4I2 J1 K1 L3

M2 N2 O2P2 Q3 R4W3RMKS 1)A.3MM B.1MM C.1MM

2)P5,P6...............1P4..................3P2,P3,T3 THRU T7....5T1,T2,P1............6

3)31/95/95SURFACE FRICTION TESTER)

←A section←B section←C section

←μ value←Type of device

Braking ActionGood 1

Medium to Good 2

Medium 3

Medium to Poor 4

Poor 5

Very Poor 6

NOTAM example

Study Group

Winter airport operation study group established in 2012 for the purpose of

• Conduct TALPA/ARC trial (simulation-based)

• Identify issues when implementing RWYCC assignment procedures through analysis of the converted data from current practice

• Develop optimal runway condition assessment procedures and training manual in Japan

Participants: JCAB (Airport, ATS, AIS, ACFT-OPS)Aircraft operator (Japan airlines, All Nippon Airways etc.)Airport operator

Aomori

HanamakiOdatenoshiro

Akita ShonaiYamagata

Toyama

45°N

35°N

26°N

ParticipatedAirport

RWY(all grooved) Operating Aircraft

Aomori/RJSA 3000×60m B738､DHC8､CRJ200､E170/175

Odatenoshiro/RJSR 2000×45m A320､B738

Hanamaki/RJSI 2500×45m CRJ200､E170/175

Akita/RJSK 2500×60m B767､B738､CRJ200､DHC8

Shonai/RJSY 2000×45m A320､B738

Yamagata/RJSI 2000×45m E170､CRJ

Toyama/RJNT 2000×45m B787､B767､B737､A321､A319

TALPA/ARC Trial in 2015 (JAN 1 ～ MAR 31)

TALPA/ARC Trial Procedures

Snow & ice conditionwith RWY B/A

Pilot B/A

Study Group• Convert to RWYCC• Comparison between RWY B/A and RWYCC• Comparison between Pilot B/A and RWYCC• Data analysis

Airport operator Airline/Pilot

NOTAM

ATS

Total Airport report at 2015 trial 618Total Pilot B/A report at 2015 trial 147

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

Ｇ 144 145 137 8 8 10 8 8 8

ＭＧ 8 10 12 2 1 2

Ｍ 12 11 15 3 5 2

ＭＰ 3 1 3 1 3 3

Ｐ 6 3 3

ＶＰ

SLUSH

計 167 167 167 20 20 20 8 8 8

05 4 3 2 1

Akita Airport （195 airport reports）

TYPE OF SNOW NR of Report

DRY SNOW 267

WET SNOW 267

DRY SNOW&COMPACTED SNOW

27

ICE 24

Depth of SN NR

Up to and including 3mm 525

More than 3mm 33

In case of depth of snow with up to including 3mm, 15% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”When converted RWYCC is “5”, 15% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”When converted RWYCC is “3”, 32% of RWY BA is worse than “Medium”

* The number derived from the condition of each runway third

RWYCCRWY BA

Correlation between RWY BA and RWYCC

Akita Airport (55 pilot BA reports)Correlation between Pilot BA and RWY BA and RWYCC

Pilot BA NR RWY BA/NR Type snow & depth RWY CC Downgrade Upgrade requirement

Good 46G

38 Dry, Wet snow 1 - 2mm 5

3 Compacted snow 1 – 2mm 3

1 Ice (coverage at or less than 20% 1 Upgrade

MG 3 Dry, Wet snow 2mm 5

M 1 Dry 1mm 5

Good to Medium 1 MG 1 Wet snow 2mm 5

Medium 7

G 3 Dry, Wet snow 1 – 3mm 5 Downgrade

MG 1 Wet snow 3mm 5 Downgrade

MG 1 Dry snow 4mm 3

M 2 Dry snow 2 – 3mm 5 Downgrade

Medium to Poor

Poor 1 P 1 Wet snow 5mm 3 Downgrade

Less than Poor*RWY BA is worst BA of each RWY third

Pilot BA reports which are worse than what the pilot may be expecting・・・7 reports

Odatenoshiro Airport (83 airport reports)

TYPE OF SNOW NR of Report

DRY SNOW 183

WET SNOW 63

COMPACTED SNOW 3

Depth of SN NR

Up to and including 3mm 246

More than 3mm 3

* The number derived from the condition of each runway third

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B CＧ 54 54 55 2 2 2

ＭＧ 7 7 4Ｍ 7 7 18

ＭＰ 2 4 3 1 1 1Ｐ 2 1

ＶＰSLUSH

計 72 72 81 3 3 3

3 2 1 05 4

Correlation between RWY BA and RWYCC

In case of depth of snow with up to including 3mm, 32% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”When converted RWYCC is “5”, 28% of RWY BA is worse than “Good”When converted RWYCC is “3”, 33% of RWY BA is worse than “Medium”

Odatenoshiro Airport (42 pilot BA reports)

Correlation between Pilot BA and RWY BA and RWYCC

Pilot BA NR RWY BA/NR Type snow & depth RWY CC Downgrade Upgrade requirement

Good 29 G 29Dry, Wet snow 1 - 2mm 5Compacted snow 1mm 3

Good to Medium 5G 3 Dry snow 1 - 2mm 5 Downgrade

M 2 Dry snow 2mm Wet snow1mm 5 Downgrade

Medium 6MG 1 Dry snow 1mm

Wet snow 3mm 5 Downgrade

M 5 Dry snow 1mm 5 Downgrade

Medium to Poor 1 MG 1 Dry snow 1mm 5 Downgrade

Poor 1 M 1 Dry snow 1mm 3 Downgrade

Less than Poor*RWY BA is worst BA of each RWY third

Pilot BA reports which are worse than what the pilot may be expecting・・・13 reports

Summary ‘type of snow’

Aomori

HanamakiOodatenoshiro Akita

ShonaiYamagata

ToyamaType of snow Nr

DRY S/N 931

WET S/N 847

COMPACTED S/N 299

ICE 33

SLUSH 31

DRY & COMPACTED 27

WET & COMPACTED 12

Summary ‘depth, type of snow, RWY BA’

「G」 「MG」 「M」 「MP」 「P」 「VP」

DRY 713 47 90 17 3 -

WET 691 38 30 10 2 -

COMPACTED 275 16 5 - - -

DRY & COMPACTED 25 2 1 - - -

WET & COMPACTED 3 - 2 1 - -

「G」 「MG」 「M」 「MP」 「P」 「VP」

DRY 16 7 15 11 8 -

WET - 2 - 1 - -

COMPACTED 14 9 13 7 11 -

DRY & COMPACTED - - - - - -

WET & COMPACTED 1 2 3 - - -

DRY､WET SNOW ： 82～90％「Good」, 10-18% worse than「Good」COMPACTED etc. ： 92％「Good」, 8% worse than「Good」

DRY SNOW ： 41％ at or better than「Medium to Good」, 33% worse than 「Medium」COMPACTED etc. ： 43％ at or better than「Medium to Good」, 30% worse than 「Medium」

RWY BA up to and including 3mm depth

RWY BA more than 3mm depth

Summary ‘RWY BA & RWYCC’

RWY BA converted RWYCC

Summary ‘ RWY BA at converted RWYCC’

No RWY BA「SLUSH」3

Summary ‘ Pilot BA at converted RWYCC

RWYCC「5」20% of Pilot BA is worse than what the pilot may be expecting

RWYCC「3」11% of Pilot BA is worse than what the pilot may be expecting

RWYCC「1」Contamination is ice with 20% coverage.

Totally73% of Pilot BA and what the pilot may be expecting matches20% of Pilot BA is worse than what the pilot may be expecting 7% of Pilot BA is better than what the pilot may be expecting

*RWYCC is worst RWYCC of each RWY thirds

Pilot BA at converted RWYCC

worse30(20%)

equivalent

better10(7%)

Recent serious incident

Hanamaki AP (RJSI)

Dec.25 2012 PM 17:20

Type: Bombardier CL600

RWY: 2500×45m

Last RWY CONDALL area wet snow 10mm B/A PInspection time 16:18

Shonai Airport (RJSY)

Dec.8 2012 PM 22:26

Type: Boeing 737-800

RWY: 2000×45m

Last RWY COND A: wet snow 2mm B/A GB: wet snow 2mm B/A GC: wet snow 2mm B/A GInspection time 22:07

RWY excursionOverrun

issues

Is it enough?

• How should we deal with RWY friction measurement?

• How is the first flyer going without pilot BA?

• Will airport operator be able to assess runway surface condition adequately?

etc.

Study Group task list & schedule

Task Time scale

Develop domestic runway surface condition assessment procedures 2018 Q3

Develop domestic friction measurement approval standards 2019 Q1

Develop training manual 2018 Q3

NOTAM system modification (AIS, Airlines) (proposed) 2020 Q2

Application of minimum friction level TBD

Others ・・・

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Develop relevant domestic rules & guidance

Training for airport operator

Trial

applicable

Thank you for your attention !