activities of the cell i.cell factory ii.cell energy iii.cell cycle
TRANSCRIPT
Activities of the CellI. Cell Factory
II. Cell Energy
III. Cell Cycle
I. The Cell Factory: Protein Production, From Start to Finish
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DNA genetic traits?
T A C
A U G A A G C A U G A C
T T C G T A C T G
DNA
mRNA
1. Transcription of DNA
mRNA
U A C
A U G A A G C A U G A C
C U G U U C G U A
tRNA with amino acid
2. Translation of mRNA to protein
anticodon
codon
C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
U U C G U A
U A C
C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
U U C
G U A
U A C
C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
U U C G U A
C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
G U A
Note: Translation occurs at the ribosomes of the rough ER
amino acid chart
HISTIDINE - U U G - A A G - C A U - G A C
LEUCINE - ASPARTIC ACIDLYSINE -
transcription
gene mRNA protein (amino acid
chain)
translation
• Gene expression
II. How Does a Cell Obtain Energy From “Food?”
Cellular Respiration
6 CO2
carbondioxide
energy!
+ 36 ATPC6H12O6
glucose
+ 6 O2
oxygen
+ 6 H2Owater
A) Aerobic respiration - the process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose, in the presence of oxygen
occurs at rest, or . . .
when you are bringing it!
• occurs along the cristae of the mitochondria
• two stages:
Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain
Cellular Respiration Starts with . . .
B) Anaerobic respiration -produces ATP by breaking down glucose without oxygen
lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles, kimchi)
Energy Tally
• Anaerobic = 2 ATP
• Aerobic respirationGlycolysis 2 ATP
Kreb’s cycle 2 ATPElectron Transport 32
ATP
+36 ATP
III. What Are the Stages in the Life of a Cell?
Cell Cycle
G1 cell growthS DNA replicatesG2 preparation for cell division
nucleus (w/ nuclear membrane)
cell membrane
DNA (genetic instructions)
A Typical Cell
during G1DNA is in chromatin form (“loose” threads)
before cell division
DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes
before cell division
Cell Cycle
Starts here
Cell Cycle
Cell division• 4 Stages of Mitosis (chromosomes
separate)•Prophase•Metaphase•Anaphase•Telophase
• Cytokinesis (cell splits)
Stages of Mitosis
earlyprophase
metaphase
anaphaseanaphase
cytokinesiscytokinesis
lateprophase
telophasetelophase
Where should you look in an organism to find mitosis?