activity 21_ppt phylum mollusca
TRANSCRIPT
Activity 21: Activity 21: Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca
Activity 21: Activity 21: Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca
CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS
Second largest phylum in the animal Second largest phylum in the animal kingdomkingdom– Microscopic to macroscopicMicroscopic to macroscopic– Slow to active organismsSlow to active organisms– Terrestrial, freshwater, or marine Terrestrial, freshwater, or marine
environmentsenvironments Microscopic to macroscopicMicroscopic to macroscopic Have different modes of nutritionHave different modes of nutrition Occur in a wide variety of Occur in a wide variety of
environmentsenvironments
Second largest phylum in the animal Second largest phylum in the animal kingdomkingdom– Microscopic to macroscopicMicroscopic to macroscopic– Slow to active organismsSlow to active organisms– Terrestrial, freshwater, or marine Terrestrial, freshwater, or marine
environmentsenvironments Microscopic to macroscopicMicroscopic to macroscopic Have different modes of nutritionHave different modes of nutrition Occur in a wide variety of Occur in a wide variety of
environmentsenvironments
GENERAL BODY PLANGENERAL BODY PLANGENERAL BODY PLANGENERAL BODY PLAN
HeadHead Ventrally located muscular footVentrally located muscular foot Dorsally located visceral massDorsally located visceral mass Mantle / pallium – for shell/spicule Mantle / pallium – for shell/spicule
secretionsecretion Radula (except for bivalves)Radula (except for bivalves) Complete digestive tractComplete digestive tract Gonads in visceral massGonads in visceral mass Monoecious or dioeciousMonoecious or dioecious
HeadHead Ventrally located muscular footVentrally located muscular foot Dorsally located visceral massDorsally located visceral mass Mantle / pallium – for shell/spicule Mantle / pallium – for shell/spicule
secretionsecretion Radula (except for bivalves)Radula (except for bivalves) Complete digestive tractComplete digestive tract Gonads in visceral massGonads in visceral mass Monoecious or dioeciousMonoecious or dioecious
Subphylum Conchifera – Subphylum Conchifera – with 1 shell; (-) with 1 shell; (-) spiculesspicules– Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda– Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia– Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda– Class ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda– Class MonoplacophoraClass Monoplacophora
Subphylum Aculifera – Subphylum Aculifera – with multiple shell with multiple shell plates; (+) spiculesplates; (+) spicules– Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora– Class AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
Subphylum Conchifera – Subphylum Conchifera – with 1 shell; (-) with 1 shell; (-) spiculesspicules– Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda– Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia– Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda– Class ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda– Class MonoplacophoraClass Monoplacophora
Subphylum Aculifera – Subphylum Aculifera – with multiple shell with multiple shell plates; (+) spiculesplates; (+) spicules– Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora– Class AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
Class GastropodaClass GastropodaClass GastropodaClass Gastropoda Members usually Members usually
sluggish and sluggish and sedentarysedentary
Mostly with Mostly with asymmetrical bodiesasymmetrical bodies
Most with single, Most with single, conical and spiral shellconical and spiral shell– May be reduced or May be reduced or
absent (e.g. nudibranch)absent (e.g. nudibranch) (+) Cephalic tentacles(+) Cephalic tentacles Simple eyesSimple eyes RadulaRadula JawsJaws Large, prominent footLarge, prominent foot
Members usually Members usually sluggish and sluggish and sedentarysedentary
Mostly with Mostly with asymmetrical bodiesasymmetrical bodies
Most with single, Most with single, conical and spiral shellconical and spiral shell– May be reduced or May be reduced or
absent (e.g. nudibranch)absent (e.g. nudibranch) (+) Cephalic tentacles(+) Cephalic tentacles Simple eyesSimple eyes RadulaRadula JawsJaws Large, prominent footLarge, prominent foot
eyespots
tentacles
jaws
RADULARADULARADULARADULA
toothed chitinous toothed chitinous ribbon in the ribbon in the mouth of most mouth of most mollusksmollusks
used for cutting used for cutting and chewing food and chewing food before it enters the before it enters the esophagusesophagus
It is present in all It is present in all molluscs except molluscs except bivalves bivalves
toothed chitinous toothed chitinous ribbon in the ribbon in the mouth of most mouth of most mollusksmollusks
used for cutting used for cutting and chewing food and chewing food before it enters the before it enters the esophagusesophagus
It is present in all It is present in all molluscs except molluscs except bivalves bivalves
Pila (freshwater kuhol) – Pila (freshwater kuhol) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Pila (freshwater kuhol) – Pila (freshwater kuhol) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Shell made of CaCO3
Haliotis (abalone) – Haliotis (abalone) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Haliotis (abalone) – Haliotis (abalone) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Turbo (turban snail) – Turbo (turban snail) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Turbo (turban snail) – Turbo (turban snail) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
•Torsion•Whorl•Spire
•Torsion•Whorl•Spire
Cypraea (cowries) – Cypraea (cowries) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda
Cypraea (cowries) – Cypraea (cowries) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class GastropodaClass GastropodaShell uncoiled
NudibranchNudibranchsoft-bodied snailssoft-bodied snailsNudibranchNudibranchsoft-bodied snailssoft-bodied snails
Spanish shawlSpanish shawl
Sea slug
rhinophores
gills
Class Bivalvia / Class Bivalvia / PelecypodaPelecypoda
Class Bivalvia / Class Bivalvia / PelecypodaPelecypoda
Shells have 2 lateral valvesShells have 2 lateral valves Elastic ligamentElastic ligament Body is enclosed by a 2-lobed mantleBody is enclosed by a 2-lobed mantle
Shells have 2 lateral valvesShells have 2 lateral valves Elastic ligamentElastic ligament Body is enclosed by a 2-lobed mantleBody is enclosed by a 2-lobed mantle
(elevation)
Class Bivalvia / Class Bivalvia / PelecypodaPelecypoda
Class Bivalvia / Class Bivalvia / PelecypodaPelecypoda
hatchet shaped foot in burrowershatchet shaped foot in burrowers Head lacks eyes, radula and tentaclesHead lacks eyes, radula and tentacles
hatchet shaped foot in burrowershatchet shaped foot in burrowers Head lacks eyes, radula and tentaclesHead lacks eyes, radula and tentacles
Tridacna (giant clam) - Tridacna (giant clam) - Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Tridacna (giant clam) - Tridacna (giant clam) - Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Spondylus (scallop) - Spondylus (scallop) - Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Spondylus (scallop) - Spondylus (scallop) - Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
S. versicolor
S. princeps
Chlamys (scallop) – Chlamys (scallop) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Chlamys (scallop) – Chlamys (scallop) – Subphylum Conchifera; Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
C. islandicus
C. swifti
Perna (mussel) – Perna (mussel) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Perna (mussel) – Perna (mussel) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
P. veridis
Crassostrea (oyster) – Crassostrea (oyster) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Crassostrea (oyster) – Crassostrea (oyster) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Pacific oysters
Atlantic oyster
Anodonta (freshwater clam) – Anodonta (freshwater clam) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
Anodonta (freshwater clam) – Anodonta (freshwater clam) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia
A. suborbiculata A. anatina
Class CephalopodaClass CephalopodaClass CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Free-swimmingFree-swimming Fast movingFast moving Active carnivoresActive carnivores Elongated bodyElongated body Skeleton may be Skeleton may be external, internal or external, internal or absentabsent Foot developed into prehensile arms Foot developed into prehensile arms
or tentaclesor tentacles
Free-swimmingFree-swimming Fast movingFast moving Active carnivoresActive carnivores Elongated bodyElongated body Skeleton may be Skeleton may be external, internal or external, internal or absentabsent Foot developed into prehensile arms Foot developed into prehensile arms
or tentaclesor tentacles
Octopus arm
Class CephalopodaClass CephalopodaClass CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Well-defined head Well-defined head Complex eyesComplex eyes Brain in Brain in
cartilaginous cartilaginous craniumcranium
(+) radula(+) radula Beak-like jawsBeak-like jaws Tentacles Tentacles
surrounding surrounding mouthmouth
Well-defined head Well-defined head Complex eyesComplex eyes Brain in Brain in
cartilaginous cartilaginous craniumcranium
(+) radula(+) radula Beak-like jawsBeak-like jaws Tentacles Tentacles
surrounding surrounding mouthmouth
Loligo (squid) – Loligo (squid) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
8 arms and 2 tentacles8 arms and 2 tentacles
mantle
siphon
ctenidia
Sepia (cuttlefish) – Sepia (cuttlefish) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Octopus (octopus) – Octopus (octopus) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Octopus (octopus) – Octopus (octopus) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Nautilus (nautiloid) – Nautilus (nautiloid) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Nautilus (nautiloid) – Nautilus (nautiloid) – Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;
Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda
Class ScaphopodaClass ScaphopodaClass ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda
Burrowing and sedentaryBurrowing and sedentary Shell in one pieceShell in one piece Shell opens on both sidesShell opens on both sides With modified conical footWith modified conical foot Head is reduced or absentHead is reduced or absent No eyesNo eyes With radula, jaws and thin tentaclesWith radula, jaws and thin tentacles
Burrowing and sedentaryBurrowing and sedentary Shell in one pieceShell in one piece Shell opens on both sidesShell opens on both sides With modified conical footWith modified conical foot Head is reduced or absentHead is reduced or absent No eyesNo eyes With radula, jaws and thin tentaclesWith radula, jaws and thin tentacles
Dentalium (Elephant’s tusk Dentalium (Elephant’s tusk shell) shell)
Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;Class ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda
Dentalium (Elephant’s tusk Dentalium (Elephant’s tusk shell) shell)
Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;Class ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda
shellshellanterior
posterior
Class MonoplacophoraClass MonoplacophoraClass MonoplacophoraClass Monoplacophora
Bilaterally symmetricalBilaterally symmetrical Have a dorsal, single, dome- or cap-Have a dorsal, single, dome- or cap-
shaped shellshaped shell Has a broad, flattened footHas a broad, flattened foot Includes many fossil speciesIncludes many fossil species
Bilaterally symmetricalBilaterally symmetrical Have a dorsal, single, dome- or cap-Have a dorsal, single, dome- or cap-
shaped shellshaped shell Has a broad, flattened footHas a broad, flattened foot Includes many fossil speciesIncludes many fossil species
Neopilina –Neopilina –Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;Class MonoplacophoraClass Monoplacophora
Neopilina –Neopilina –Subphylum Conchifera;Subphylum Conchifera;Class MonoplacophoraClass Monoplacophora
N. galatheae
Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
Include marine chitonsInclude marine chitons Bodies elongated and dorsoventrally Bodies elongated and dorsoventrally
flattenedflattened Shell divided into:Shell divided into:
– 7 or 8 overlapping plates7 or 8 overlapping plates– Flat, creeping footFlat, creeping foot
Head reducedHead reduced No eyesNo eyes Well defined mouth with radulaWell defined mouth with radula
Include marine chitonsInclude marine chitons Bodies elongated and dorsoventrally Bodies elongated and dorsoventrally
flattenedflattened Shell divided into:Shell divided into:
– 7 or 8 overlapping plates7 or 8 overlapping plates– Flat, creeping footFlat, creeping foot
Head reducedHead reduced No eyesNo eyes Well defined mouth with radulaWell defined mouth with radula
Chiton –Chiton –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
Chiton –Chiton –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
C. glaucus
8 calcareous plates
girdle
Muscular foot
Acanthozostera –Acanthozostera –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
Acanthozostera –Acanthozostera –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
A. gemmata
Class AplacophoraClass AplacophoraClass AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
Worm-like molluscs called Worm-like molluscs called SOLENOGASTERSSOLENOGASTERS
With oblong, cylindrical to vermiform With oblong, cylindrical to vermiform bodiesbodies
No shellNo shell Lack a well-defined headLack a well-defined head Radula and jaws sometimes presentRadula and jaws sometimes present
Worm-like molluscs called Worm-like molluscs called SOLENOGASTERSSOLENOGASTERS
With oblong, cylindrical to vermiform With oblong, cylindrical to vermiform bodiesbodies
No shellNo shell Lack a well-defined headLack a well-defined head Radula and jaws sometimes presentRadula and jaws sometimes present
Neomenia –Neomenia –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;
Class AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
Neomenia –Neomenia –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;
Class AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
N. yamamotoi
Chaetoderma –Chaetoderma –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;
Class AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
Chaetoderma –Chaetoderma –Subphylum Aculifera;Subphylum Aculifera;
Class AplacophoraClass Aplacophora
C. japonicum
View the following View the following slides:slides:
View the following View the following slides:slides:
Helix/ Pila/ Haliotsis/ Cypraea/ TurboHelix/ Pila/ Haliotsis/ Cypraea/ Turbo Perna/ AnodontaPerna/ Anodonta Loligo/ SepiaLoligo/ Sepia Dentalium/ ChitonDentalium/ Chiton
Helix/ Pila/ Haliotsis/ Cypraea/ TurboHelix/ Pila/ Haliotsis/ Cypraea/ Turbo Perna/ AnodontaPerna/ Anodonta Loligo/ SepiaLoligo/ Sepia Dentalium/ ChitonDentalium/ Chiton
Fin.Fin.Merci.Merci.
Fin.Fin.Merci.Merci.