activity exercise pattern (baqar)

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Activity and Exercise Activity and Exercise Pattern Pattern By By Muhammad Baqar Muhammad Baqar RN, BScN RN, BScN

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Page 1: Activity exercise pattern (baqar)

Activity and Exercise Activity and Exercise PatternPattern

By By Muhammad BaqarMuhammad Baqar

RN, BScNRN, BScN

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An activity –exercise pattern: An activity –exercise pattern:

Refers to a person's routine of Refers to a person's routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation: it includes recreation: it includes Activities of daily living (ADLs)Activities of daily living (ADLs) that that require energy expenditure such as require energy expenditure such as hygiene, cooking, shopping, eating, hygiene, cooking, shopping, eating, working, and home maintenance, working, and home maintenance, and and The type, quality, and quantity of The type, quality, and quantity of exerciseexercise, including sports. , including sports.

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ExerciseExercisePhysical activityPhysical activity is "bodily movement is "bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure and requires energy expenditure and produces pro­gressive health benefits."produces pro­gressive health benefits." Exercise isExercise is "a type of physical activity "a type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured, and defined as a planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness." components of physical fitness." Activity toleranceActivity tolerance is the type and is the type and amount of exercise or daily living amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effectswithout experiencing adverse effects..

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Type of exercise:Type of exercise:Exercise involves the active contraction Exercise involves the active contraction and relaxation of muscles. and relaxation of muscles. Exercise can be classified according to theExercise can be classified according to the

type of muscle contractiontype of muscle contraction ((isotonic, isometric, or isokinetic) isotonic, isometric, or isokinetic)

and according to the and according to the source of energysource of energy (aerobic or anaerobic).(aerobic or anaerobic).

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Isotonic exercises:Isotonic exercises:Muscle shortens to produce contraction Muscle shortens to produce contraction and active movement .e.g. running, and active movement .e.g. running, walking, swimming, cycling)walking, swimming, cycling)

* Advantages:* Advantages: 1- Increase muscle tone, mass, 1- Increase muscle tone, mass,

strength.strength. 2- Maintain joint flexibility and 2- Maintain joint flexibility and

circulation.circulation.

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Isometric exercises:Isometric exercises:

There is muscle contraction without There is muscle contraction without moving the jointmoving the joint

* useful for strengthening abdominal, * useful for strengthening abdominal, gluteal musclesgluteal muscles

* No change in muscle length* No change in muscle length * No joint movement * No joint movement * Maintaining strength in immobilized * Maintaining strength in immobilized

musclemuscle

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Isokinetic (resistive) exercises:Isokinetic (resistive) exercises:It involves muscle contraction or tension It involves muscle contraction or tension against resistance, can be either isotonic against resistance, can be either isotonic and isometric. and isometric.

These exercises are used in physical These exercises are used in physical conditioning & are often done to build up conditioning & are often done to build up certain muscle groups.certain muscle groups.

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Aerobic exercise: Aerobic exercise: is activity during which the amount of is activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in the body is greater than oxygen taken in the body is greater than that used to perform the activity. that used to perform the activity.

These exercises use the large groups of These exercises use the large groups of muscle, are performed continuously, and muscle, are performed continuously, and are rhythmic in nature. For example are rhythmic in nature. For example walking, running, dancing, aerobic walking, running, dancing, aerobic exercise improve cardiovascular exercise improve cardiovascular conditioning and physical fitness.conditioning and physical fitness.

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Anaerobic exercise: Anaerobic exercise: involves activity in which the muscles involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream.bloodstream. And anaerobic pathways are used to And anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for the short provide additional energy for the short time. this type of exercise is used in time. this type of exercise is used in endurance training for athletes.endurance training for athletes.

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Benefits of exercise on body Benefits of exercise on body systemsystem

Musculoskeletal System:Musculoskeletal System: * Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape* Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape * Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of * Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of motion.motion. * Maintain bone density & strength.* Maintain bone density & strength.

Cardiovascular System:Cardiovascular System: **Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing cardiac Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing cardiac

output and strength of heart muscle contraction.output and strength of heart muscle contraction.

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Benefits of exercise on body Benefits of exercise on body systemsystem

Respiratory System:Respiratory System: *Improves gas exchange by increasing the ventilation *Improves gas exchange by increasing the ventilation

& oxygenation.& oxygenation.

GI tract System:GI tract System: *Improve appetite, digestion and elimination.*Improve appetite, digestion and elimination.

Metabolic System:Metabolic System: *Increase metabolic rate, thus increase the production *Increase metabolic rate, thus increase the production

of body heat and calorie use.of body heat and calorie use.

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Benefits of exercise on body Benefits of exercise on body systemsystem

Urinary System:Urinary System: *Improve excretion of body waste through the *Improve excretion of body waste through the

kidneys.kidneys.

Psycho- neurologic System:Psycho- neurologic System: * Enhance sense of well-being and help to relieve * Enhance sense of well-being and help to relieve

stress.stress. * Improves the quality of sleep.* Improves the quality of sleep. * Improve self concept and self esteem by * Improve self concept and self esteem by

decreasing depression.decreasing depression.

Intigumentary System:Intigumentary System: * Maintain skin integrity* Maintain skin integrity

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RespirationRespiration

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The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

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Respiration IncludesRespiration IncludesPulmonary ventilationPulmonary ventilation* Air moves in and out of lungsAir moves in and out of lungs* Continuous replacement of gases in alveoli (air sacs)Continuous replacement of gases in alveoli (air sacs)

External respirationExternal respiration* Gas exchange between blood and air at alveoliGas exchange between blood and air at alveoli* O2 (oxygen) in air diffuses into bloodO2 (oxygen) in air diffuses into blood* CO2 (carbon dioxide) in blood diffuses into airCO2 (carbon dioxide) in blood diffuses into air

Transport of respiratory gasesTransport of respiratory gases* Between the lungs and the cells of the bodyBetween the lungs and the cells of the body* Performed by the cardiovascular systemPerformed by the cardiovascular system* Blood is the transporting fluidBlood is the transporting fluid

Internal respirationInternal respiration* Gas exchange in capillaries between blood and tissue cellsGas exchange in capillaries between blood and tissue cells* O2 in blood diffuses into tissuesO2 in blood diffuses into tissues* CO2 waste in tissues diffuses into bloodCO2 waste in tissues diffuses into blood

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Factors that can affect Factors that can affect oxygenationoxygenation

Physiological

Developmental

Behavioral

Environmental

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Physiological FactorsPhysiological FactorsDecreased Oxygen- carrying capacityDecreased Oxygen- carrying capacityDeceased Inspired Oxygen ConcentrationDeceased Inspired Oxygen ConcentrationHypovolaemiaHypovolaemiaIncreased Metabolic RateIncreased Metabolic RatePregnancyPregnancyObesity Obesity TraumaTraumaCentral Nervous System AlterationCentral Nervous System Alteration

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Developmental FactorsDevelopmental FactorsPremature InfantsPremature InfantsInfants and ToddlersInfants and ToddlersSchool- Age Children and AdolescentsSchool- Age Children and AdolescentsYoung and Middle Aged AdultsYoung and Middle Aged AdultsOlder AdultsOlder Adults

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Behavioral Factors( lifestyle) Behavioral Factors( lifestyle) NutritionNutritionExerciseExerciseCigarette SmokingCigarette SmokingSubstance AbuseSubstance Abuse

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Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors

Stress and AnxietyStress and Anxiety

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Nursing Diagnosis comes under the category of Nursing Diagnosis comes under the category of OxygenationOxygenation

Ineffective Airway ClearanceIneffective Airway ClearanceImpaired Gas ExchangeImpaired Gas ExchangeIneffective Breathing PatternIneffective Breathing Pattern

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Mobility and ImmobilityMobility and Immobility

MobilityMobility refers to the ability to engage in refers to the ability to engage in activity, and free movement which includes activity, and free movement which includes walking, running, sitting, standing, lifting, walking, running, sitting, standing, lifting, pushing, pulling and performing daily living pushing, pulling and performing daily living activitiesactivities

Immobility Immobility refers to the inability to move refers to the inability to move about freely.about freely.

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Focus Assessment Criteria Focus Assessment Criteria (Subjective data)(Subjective data)

WeaknessWeaknessFatigueFatigueDsypneaDsypneaLack of sleep or restLack of sleep or restLack of incentiveLack of incentiveDisinclination to participate in activatesDisinclination to participate in activatesLack of confidence in ability to perform activityLack of confidence in ability to perform activityFear of injury or aggravating disease as a result of Fear of injury or aggravating disease as a result of participating in activityparticipating in activityDifficulty performing activities of daily living Difficulty performing activities of daily living because of decreased energy or a lack of strength because of decreased energy or a lack of strength Pain that interferes with performance of activates Pain that interferes with performance of activates

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Objective DataObjective Data

Asses for defining characteristicsAsses for defining characteristics Asses strength and balance; evaluate Asses strength and balance; evaluate

person’s ability to:person’s ability to:Reposition self in a bedReposition self in a bedAssume and maintain sitting position Assume and maintain sitting position Rise to standing Rise to standing

Asses response of activity:Asses response of activity:Take vital signs Take vital signs Pulse ( rate, rhythm, quality) Respiration, Pulse ( rate, rhythm, quality) Respiration, ( rate, depth,) Blood Pressure( rate, depth,) Blood Pressure

Asses for the presence of :Asses for the presence of : Cyanosis, confusion and vertigoCyanosis, confusion and vertigo

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Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses

Activity Intolerance Activity Intolerance

Impaired Physical MobilityImpaired Physical Mobility

Self-Care DeficitsSelf-Care Deficits

Altered Health MaintenanceAltered Health Maintenance

Risks for FallsRisks for Falls

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References References Crisp ,Jackie, Potter & Perry's (2003), Crisp ,Jackie, Potter & Perry's (2003), Fundamentals of Nursing: (Australian ed). Fundamentals of Nursing: (Australian ed). Mosby.Mosby.Carpentio, J, L.(2002), Nursing Diagnosis: Carpentio, J, L.(2002), Nursing Diagnosis: Application to Clinical Practice (9Application to Clinical Practice (9 thth ed). ed). Lippioncott.Lippioncott.Kozier, Barbara, et al. (2004) Assessing, Kozier, Barbara, et al. (2004) Assessing, Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 2nd ed .process and practice, 2nd ed .

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THANKS FOR THE THANKS FOR THE ATTENTIONATTENTION

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