acute dyspnea: how to disentangle copd & acute heart failure · interpretation of bnp in acute...
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Acute dyspnea: how to disentangleCOPD & Acute Heart Failure
Professor Christian Mueller
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Disclosures
• Swiss National Science Foundation
• .
• .
..
• Research support / travel support / consulting fees
from several diagnostic and pharmaceutical
companies
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• 76y, male, acute dyspnea, since 24h
+ coughing, sputum
Previously: Exertional dyspnea, never at rest
• PH: CAD, CABG, persistent Afib, VVIR-PM, COPD,Chronic lymph edema (regular drainage)
Vitals:
RR 26, Temp 38,5°, Puls 60, BP 120/80, Oxy 94%
• Physical:
- Tachypnea, no rales, Exspirium, Wheezing
- Neck veins +/-, mild ankle edema (preexisting)
- barely hearable HS, no 3. HS
HF: yes/no
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HF: yes/no
Lab:
BNP 2‘100 pg/ml (n<50)
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What is the key symptom in HF?
What are the key diagnostic tools?Symptoms & signsECG, Chest x-ray, BNP Echo
Dyspnea
Pathophysiology?
Intracardiac filling pressures
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NP: Quantitative Marker of HF
ANP
BNP =
CNPVolume
Pressure LV Syst. Dysfunction
+
LV Diast. Dysfunction
+
Valvul. Dysfunction
+
RV Dysfunction
1) Diagnosis
2) Disease Severity
Maisel A, Mueller C, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:824-39
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<100pg/ml* >400pg/ml100-400pg/ml
Additional informationNo HF HF
2) Always conjunction with clinical information
No HF HF Diuretics
Nitrates
ACE-I*Cave: a) GFR < 60ml/min
b) Obesity
Interpretation of BNP in Acute Dyspnea
1) Quantitative Variable
Maisel A, Mueller C, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:824-39
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<300pg/ml* <50y: >450pg/ml
50-75: >900pg/ml
>75y: >1800pg/ml
300-450pg/ml
300-900pg/ml
300-1800pg/mlNo HF
2) Always conjunction with clinical information
No HF HF
Diuretics
Nitrates
ACE-Inhibitor
*Cave: a)Obesity
Interpretation of NT-proBNP in dyspnea
1) Quantitative variable
Maisel A, Mueller C, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:824-39
HF
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Cut-off levels: The accuracy of NP can be
increased by adjusting for:
1. Gender
2. Coronary artery diseases
3. Obesity
NP & HF diagnosis: Question
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Obesity: does it matter?
Courtesy of Alan Maisel, M.D.
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Daniels L et al. Am Heart J 2006;151:999-1005.
Obesity: Optimal cut-off levels to rule out HF
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Common errors
Pulmonary disease is the most common cause of
acute dyspnea
I am done once HF is diagnosed
HF can nearly always be reliably diagnosed clinically by a HF expert
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1. Is it HF?
2. Cardiac disease?
3. Trigger?
HF: Diagnosis
History, physical, ECG
Chest x-ray, BNP✓
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1) Diagnose HF: Clinical + ECG + BNP
2) Echo
LVEF Valves isolated RV LA
HFrEF VHD RV-HF HFpEFHFmEF
(LVEF 40-50%)
Price S, et al. Nature Rev Cardiol 2017 in press
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Kardiologie
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1) Diagnose HF: Clinical + ECG + BNP
2) Echo
LVEF Valves isolated RV LA
HFrEF VHD RV-HF HFpEFHFmEF
(LVEF 40-50%)
Price S, et al. Nature Rev Cardiol 2017 in press
![Page 19: Acute dyspnea: how to disentangle COPD & Acute Heart Failure · Interpretation of BNP in Acute Dyspnea 1) Quantitative Variable Maisel A, Mueller C, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:824-39](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022063004/5f771d061416403b017e3088/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1. Is it HF?
2. Cardiac disease?
3. Trigger?
HF: Diagnosis
History, physical, ECG
Chest x-ray, BNP✓
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1. Is it HF?
2. Cardiac disease?
3. Trigger?
Biomarkers in HF: Diagnosis
History, physical, ECG
Chest x-ray, BNP✓
cTn, D-Dimers, CRP/PCT, Hb, TSHFerritin, Transferrin saturation
Mueller C, et al. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017