ad-a268 064
TRANSCRIPT
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AD-A268 064c lo: 0~
No. ,,
A~UG 06 1993
bo ubi c- rel'e-s s aznd salle; itldstriuticý Is uaiitd
93- 17797
*UllAU 0e U1101APeO AwGI100,
JUNE 1986
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS
uI.ULAIMEI NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST
QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY
FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED
A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF
PAGES WHICH DO NOT
REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
DISCLAIMER NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST
QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY
FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED
A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF
PAGES WHICH DO NOT
REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
COVER SHEET
(a) Responsible Agencies: Lead Agency - U.S. Air Force
Cooperating Agency - U.S. Bureau of LandManagement.
(b) Proposed Action: Renewed Withdrawal of Groom Mountain Range
Addition to Nellis Air Force Bombing and GunneryRange, Lincoln County, Nevada.
(c) Contact for Further Information: Mr. Alton ChavesHQ TAC/DEEVLangley AFB, VA. 23665Phone (804) 764-4430
(d) Designation: Final Environmental Impact Statement.The final EIS consists of the DEIS, the publiccomments, responses to comments, the corrections tothe DEIS, the revised potential and recommended
mitigations, and the summary.
(e) Abstract: Environmental impacts expected to result from renewedwithdrawal of the Groom Mountain Range are assessed. The
no-action alternative allowing return of the area to
public land status and the alternative of renewing asmaller withdrawal area are considered. Impacts of
renewed withdrawal would result from loss of public and
private access for hunting, recreation, mining and otherpurposes. It is concluded that no overridingenvironmental factors are evident that would renderrenewed withdrawal unacceptable.
(f) Date Made Available to the Public: July , 198iF
D) 7 ; lAB
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CONTENTS
COVER SHEET
1.0 SUMMARY 1-11.1 Introduction 1-11.2 Public Review 1-I1.3 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 1-11.4 Alternatives I-3
1.5 Conclusions 1-3
2.0 PUBLIC COMMENTS ON THE DEIS 2-12.1 Federal Agencies: Letters 2-22.2 State Agencies: Letters 2-102.3 Local Agencies: Letters 2-192.4 Organizations: Letters 2-212.5 Private Citizens: Letters 2-312.6 Caliente Public Hearing: Transcript 2-392.7 Alamo Public Hearing: Transcript 2-702.8 Las Vegas Public Hearing: Transcript 2-72
3.0 RESPONSES TO PUBLIC COMMENTS 3-13.1 Responses 3-13.2 Index of Responses to Comments 3-23
4.0 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES 4-i4.1 Recommended Mitigation Measures for which Air Force
and/or BLM have necessary Authority and/or FundingAppropriat ion 4-1
4.2 Recommended Mitigation Measures for which neither AirForce nor BLM has Funding Authority 4-3
4.3 Potential Mitigation Measures not Recommended for Imple-mentat ion 4-4
5.0 CORRECTIONS TO THE DEIS 5-1
6.0 LIST OF PREPARERS 6-I
7.0 DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR FEIS 7-1
li
1.0 SUMMARY
1.1 INTRODUCTIONThe Air Force proposes to request renewal of the withdrawal of the
Groom Mountain Range from the public lands. The withdrawn lands willprovide a public safety and security buffer zone for national defenseprograms carried out on the adjacent Nellis Air Force Range (NAFR).Prior to the existing withdrawal of 89,600 acres of the Groom MountainRange in October 1984 by PL 98-485, the area was public land administeredby Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The temporary withdrawal expiresDecember 31, 1987. Air Force use of the area will not entail anyair-to-ground targeting activities or construction other than a possibleboundary delineation fence. Direct impacts to the land from Air Forceactivities should thus be no greater than those currently experiencedfrom existing overflights. All impacts experienced would be related torestricted and prohibited access.
1.2 PUBLIC REVIEWThe Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for this proposed
action was issued on October 25, 1985, with publication of the Notice ofAvailability in the Federal Register. The public review and commentperiod ended on December 30, 1985. During the review period, publiccomments on the DEIS were solicited. Written comments were submitted toHeadquarters Tactical Air Command at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia andto the Air Force and BLM during public hearings. Verbal comments werereceived at public hearings held in Lincoln County at Caliente (Nov. 19)and Alamo (Nov. 20) and in Clark County at North Las Vegas (Nov. 22).The predominant public concerns enunciated relate to mitigation measuresto compensate for loss of access to the area for public recreation(including hunting), mining and livestock grazing. Other concerns ex-pressed relate to the need for total withdrawal.
The Air Force's and BLM's response to these concerns consists ofindividual responses to the comments and questions. In addition, anerrata provides corrections to factual errors and typographical mistakes.Finally, based on public comment and follow-up discussions the Air Forceand BLM have considered additional mitigation measures and revised itsrecommended measures. Since factual changes to descriptions of theenvironment and impacts are minor, the final EIS consists of the DEIS,the comments, the responses, the corrections to the DEIS, the revisedpotential and recommended mitigations, and this Summary. This Summary issimilar to the one in the DEIS, but it has been revised to reflect thepublic comment process.
1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURESThe Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) discusses possible
mitigations for impacts including those on outdoor recreation, minerale'ploration and develoment, and agriculture interests. Below is a sum-mary of the potential mitigations in the areas specified by PL 98-485.Mitigations of impacts to roads, and socioeconomics are also addressed inthe draft environmental impact statement. The complete discussion ofpotential mitigations is in Section 4.3 of that document.
1-1
The proposed action may impact market value of the Bald MountainGrazing Allotment. The Air Force and BLM recommend that no action betaken until an impact is identified. At that time the Air Force couldmitigate by out-right purchase with subsequent lease back or byguaranteed access to potential purchasers of the Bald Mountain Allotmentor by compensation if there is a loss of market value.
Access to the area for mineral exploration will be prohibited by theproposed action. It has been suggested that the military should openother withdrawal areas to mineral exploration and development. This isnot possible on the Nellis Range without seriously compromising nationaldefense programs. The respective commands for Wendover AFAF and range,Hawthorne Army Ammunition Depot and Fallon Naval Air Station allindicated that there were no lands under their jurisdictions that couldbe released for these purposes. Therefore, this mitigation is notrecommended. However, to mitigate potential impacts on owners of validpatented and unpatented mining claims, the Air Force will, at its option,either subordinate a lease for valid existing mineral claims or allowholders of valid claims controlled access to work the claims on terms andat levels of activity consistent with national security needs. These
will be similar to the terms and levels existing prior to the withdrawal.If the owners agree, such claims could also be bought out entirely atfair market value. The combined affect of the two options will be todefer for the term of the withdrawal significant development of theclaims or large-scale mineral extraction.
The potential impacts on outdoor recreation are primarily in thearea of sport hunting. Some have suggested that additional portions ofNellis AF Range should be opened to controlled hunts of bighorn sheep tooffset the restriction to hunting land in the Groom Mountain Range area.The Air Force has concluded that it can open an additional 26 squaremiles of the Stonewall Mountain area.
To mitigate the loss of deer, chukar and quail hunting in the areaof the proposed withdrawal, the Nevada Department of Wildlife and Bureauof Land Management helped identify locations for wildlife waterers inother mountain ranges to improve wildlife habitat. The recommended miti-gation is to purchase water storage tanks and collection aprons for someof the springs included within the Groom Mountain Range.
Expansion of existing wildlife areas is another mitigation that hasbeen proposed as an offset for loss of opportunities for hunting. TheBLM has expressed willingness to work on this issue with the Nevada De-partment of Wildlife (NDOW) with reference to management of the BLM con-trolled lands adjacent to NDOW's Sunnyside area. It was also suggestedthat private lands adjacent to these areas be purchased. The latter isnot recommended as a mitigation.
Other suggested mitigations related to wildlife are morespecifically directed toward the bighorn sheep and the mule deer.Proposals to intrnd'ice a gene pool herd of bighorn on the proposedrenewed withdrawal area are not recommended because of the attendingentrance requirements for wildlife managers. The range manipulation ofapproximately 86,000 acres in other mountain ranges to improve habitat is
1-2
considered too expensive relative to the withdrawal impacts and potentialbenefits of this mitigation.
Some have proposed that the government buy land adjacent to Red RockRecreation Land to expand that area. The proposed purchase cannot bejustified on the basis of the estimated recreation lost through the
renewed withdrawal of the Groom Mountain Range. However, it was sug-gested by others that this lost recreation opportunity could be mitigatedthrough rehabilitation of the flood-damaged Kershaw-Ryan State Park inLincoln County. This latter recreation mitigation is not recommended.The Air Force believes that the rehabilitation costs are not commensurateto the loss of comparable recreational opportunities.
An area management plan is required and will be prepared in con-junction with the BLM. The plan will address issues on management of thearea to ensure against adverse impacts. Potential topics include man-agement of livestock grazing, wildlife, maintenance of water resources,control of range fires, and protection of cultural resources.
Two separate suggestions were made for road improvements as mitiga-tions. The first was a proposal to pave the Kane Springs Road. Thisroad is not involved with the withdrawal and therefore not supported as amitigation. The second proposal, was to pave the road from Rachel intothe Nevada Test Site (NTS). The Air Force recommends this as a miti-gation measure to be shared with Lincoln County. A schedule of openhours for the road has been distributed, which solved the previous pro-blem of the road being closed at generally unknown times. Also, a tele-phone number has been provided so NTS workers can check to determine ifthe road is open to traffic from the NTS to Rachel.
1.4 ALTERNATIVESAlternatives to the proposed action are limited to: 1) No Action -
this would result in return of the area to public land status; and 2)withdrawal of a smaller or differently configured area.
Return of the area to public land status would result in compro-mising public safety and the security of national defense activities -
the very reasons for which the temporary withdrawal was authorized.Thus, the "No Action" alternative is not acceptable to the Air Force, noris it in the best public interest.
Withdrawal of a smaller or differently configured area was carefully
examined for the criteria of achieving both public safety and security.This analysis indicates that the current boundaries only marginally meetthese criteria. A smaller area would greatly increase the complexity andcost to meet security needs and result in potentially greater envir-onmental impacts in attempts to achieve needed security. Thus, a smalleror differently configured withdrawal is unacceptable.
1.5 CONCLUSIONThere are no overriding impacts on the human environment which would
render the proposed action unacceptable. There are appropriate and costeffective mitigations to off-set the loss of access impacts.
1-3
2.0 PUBLIC CO0HENTS ON T.E DEIS
All public comments, written and oral, are included in this final EIS.
Written comments are organized according to the commentors affiliation, i.e.
Federal, State and Local Agencies, Organizations, and Private Citizens. The
written comments are followed by transcripts of public hearings held in
Caliente, Alamo and Las Vegas. Written testimony submitted at the public
hearings is included following the respective transcripts.
Substantive comments, questions and criticisms raised by each commentator
are marked on the comment document and are sequentially numbered in small type.
Each numbered comment has associated with it a circled, bold type number that
refers to the appropriate response. Many commentators have raised the same or
related, questions, criticisms and concerns. The responses were prepared to
address the most fully developed, or substantive, statement of a specific
topic. All related comments are referred to the same response. For this
reason the response numbers do not appear sequentially within the comments. An
index of comment numbers and response numbers is included in Section 3.0,
"Responses to Public Comments".
2-1
2.1 FEDERAL AGENCY COMMENTS
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2.4 PRIVATE ORGANIZATION COMMENTS
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2.5 PRIVATE CITIZEN COMMENTS
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2.6 PUBLIC BEARING FOR RENEWAL OFGROOM MOUNTAIN RANGE WITHDRAWAL,
NOVEMBER 19, 1985, CALIENTE, NEVADA
Reported byLarry Gantverg, Court Reporter
Holmes & Narver, Inc.Reporting Division
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2.7 PUBLIC HEARING FOR RENEWAL OFGROOM MOUNTAIN RANGE WITHDRAWAL,NOVEMBER 20, 1985, ALAMO, NEVADA
Reported byLarry Gantverg, Court Reporter
Holmes & Narver, Inc.Reporting Division
NOTE: Alamo Public Hearing
The formal Air Force presentation at each of thepublic hearings (Caliente, Alamo and Las Vegas) wasmade from a prepared script. Thus, with minor andinconsequential differences the Air Force formalpresentations are essentially verbatim the same. Inthe interest of cost efficiency and reducing the lengthof this final EIS, only the transcript of the Air Forceformal presentation at Caliente has been reproducedin this EIS. The complete transcript of the public comment,and question and answer portion of the public hearingin Alamo is reproduced in this EIS. The reader isreferred to the Caliente hearing transcript (Sec. 2.6) forthe formal Air Force presentation. A copy of the actualtranscript of the Air Force formal presentation atAlamo may be obtained by writing or calling:
Director Public AffairsUSAF Tactical Fighter Weapons CenterNellis AFB, NV 89191-5000
(702) 643-2750
2-70
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2-7
2- 8 PUBLIC HEARING FOR RENEWAL OFGROOM MOUNTAIN RANGE WITHDRAWAL,
NOVEMBER 22, 1985, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
Reported byLarry Gantverg, Court Reporter
Holmes & Narver, Inc.Reporting Division
NOTE: Las Vegas Public Hearing
The formal Air Force presentation at each of thepublic hearings (Caliente, Alamo and Las Vegas) wasmade from a prepared script. Thus, with minor andinconsequential differences the Air Force formalpresentations are essentially verbatim the same. Inthe interest of cost efficiency and reducing the lengthof this final EIS, only the transcript of the Air Forceformal presentation at Caliente has been reproducedin this EIS. The complete transcript of the public comment,and question and answer portion of the public hearingin Las Vegas is reproduced in this EIS. The reader isreferred to the Caliente hearing transcript (Sec. 2.6) forthe formal Air Force presentation. A copy of the actualtranscript of the Air Force formal presentation at LasVegas may be obtained by writing or calling:
Director Public AffairsUSAF Tactical Fighter Weapons CenterNellis AFB, NV 89191-5000
(702) 643-2750
2-72
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3.0 RESPONSES TO PUBLIC COMMENTS
Responses to the public cotmments are not grouped according to topicalareas, but rather are presented in roughly the sequence that the topics wereraised by the commentators. Many of the responses refer the reader to relatedresponses. At the conclusion of the responses, an index is presented thatprovides reference to the comment or comments to which each response isdirected.
3.1 RESPONSES
1. "Water Quality Impacts"S
The character of the Groom Mountain Range Withdrawal, as described inChapter 3 of the DEIS, is that there are no perennial streams and only a fewsprings which have small flows. Any limited overgrazing and acceleratederosion caused by a boundary fence, if constructed, would occur well away fromthe springs therefore having no water quality impacts. The possibility ofovergrazing can be avoided through the implementation of a management planwhereby BLM will be accorded access to ensure proper livestock management onthe withdrawal. Implementation of such action has been agreed to by the AirForce and BLM.
The management plan to be developed by the Air Force and BLM will allowBLM to ensure proper management of livestock grazing and wildlife on thewithdrawal. With this plan in place, overgrazing would not take place. Anyaccelerated erosion along a boundary fence, if constructed, would take placewell away from, and down gradient of, the spring areas and would have nomeasureable impact on water quality. The source of spring flow isprecipitation at higher elevations. The springs, with their minor discharge,flow on the surface for only a short distance before infiltrating into thesoil. The management plan would include a committment to ensure the waterresources, although quite limited, are protected from adverse impacts.
The water resources of areas surrounding the Groom Withdrawal are limitedto groundwater developed by wells and to four small springs just outside thewithdrawal in T5S, R55 1/2 E, Ser. 4. The rights to these springs are held forstock watering purposes. There are no active streams in the adjacent areas.The withdrawal would have no impact on either the water quantity or quality inthe surrounding areas since water use will not change. If a boundary fencewere to be constructed, it would be designed to minimize restriction ofwildlife movement. Trailing along the fence line would have no impact on waterquality or quantity since the fence would be constructed away from anyactive water sources i.e. the four springs. Furthermore, the source ofgroundwater in the surrounding valleys is recharge from higher elevations ofthe mountain ranges as shown in Figure 3.5 of the DEIS and would not beaffected in any way by the withdrawal.
The BLM currently has and will continue to have responsibility forresource management on public lands contiguous to the withdrawal. The renewedwithdrawal would not impact their activities to administer these lands.
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2. "Access for EPA Personnel"
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Environmental Monitoring SystemsLaboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, pre-positions a monitor in the withdrawal areaprior to execution of nuclear events at the Nevada Test Site. Thislong-standing agreement of entry is accomplished through an annual letter ofrequest and approval between the EPA/EMSL office and the USAF/DOE NV LiaisonOffice, Las Vegas, Nevada.
3. "Air Quality Impacts"
On page 4-2 of the DEIS it is stated that any fugitive dust generated dueto fence construction would be limited to the actual construction time. Thefence, if constructed, would be built in such a manner that blading would notbe necessary, therefore minimizing land disturbance and dust generation.
As stated on page 4-2 of the DEIS the fugitive dust generated by vehiculartravel over existing unpaved roads is infrequent in nature. If dustgeneration, due to increased traffic, were to become a problem in the futuremeasures would be taken to minimize the problem.
4. "FLPMA Minerals Survey Criteria"
Federal Land Policy and Management Act (PL 94-576) (FLPMA) criteria forminerals survey are given in Section 204 (c) (2) (12) which states:
"(12) a report prepared by a qualified mining engineer, engineeringgeologist, or geologist which shall include but not be limited toinformation on: general geology, known deposits, past and presentmineral production, mining claims, mineral leases, evaluation offuture mineral potential, present and potential market demands."
Nowhere in the act are any further criteria or guidelines specified.The report was prepared by a qualified mining engineer and does includeinformation on general geology, known mineral-deposits, past and presentmineral production, mining claims, and a discussion of evaluation of futuremineral potential, present and potential market demands. Furthermore, the EISis prepared to meet the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act.Compliance with FLPMA is a related independent requirement.
See also response 7.
5. "Minerals Data Presented in the DEIS"
The DEIS contains only a summary of the minerals survey. Detailed dataare contained in the Groom Mountain Range Mineral Inventory and GeochemicalSurvey, a copy of which was provided to Bureau of Mines, USDO.
This separate report is a document of comparable size to the DEIS andcontains Appendices that list all the available data.
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See also response 39.
6. "Minerals Data Appended to the DEIS"
The minerals report entitled "Groom Mountain Range Minerals Inventory andGeochemical Survey" was prepared as a separate document as part of the EISprocess and is not appended to the DEIS.
7. "Adequacy of Minerals Inventory and Geochemical Survey Report"
An addendum was added to that report to include data on mineral leases andto complete the evaluation of future mineral potential, present and potentialmarket demands. With this addition, the minerals report adequately meets therequirements of FLPMA.
8. "Corrections Regarding Vegetation"
Corrections have been noted (see "corrections to DEIS").
9. "Access for Wildlife Personnel and Others"
Access to the withdrawn area is not a question of parity, patriotism,perceived need, or stated desire. Access is based on the requirements of theAir Force to accomplish its mission and PL 98-485. Section 3, Paragraph (a) ofthe law, requires the Secretary of Interior, BLM designated, to manage thelands within the withdrawn area. Access for BLM is therefore required.Section 3 of the law further states:
"...All use of such lands, and the issuance of any lease, easement,right-of-way, or other authorization with regard to such lands -
(1) shall be secondary to the military use of such landspurposes specified in section 1, and(2) may be authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force.
(b) When military operations, public safety, or national securitydetermined by the Secretary of the Air Force, require the closure ofany road, any trail, or any other portion of the lands withdrawn bythis Act, the Secretary of the Air Force may take such action as theSecretary of the Air Force determines necessary or desirable toeffect and maintain closure...."
Since the land has been withdrawn subject to existing rights, access tothe withdrawn area is provided to the current grazing and valid miningclaimants through a written commitment by the Air Force as under Section l(a)of the act. Basically, no access is desired, and therefore, access is limitedto that which is required.
10. "Stonewall Mountain Sheep Hunting"
Past efforts concerning expansion of the Stonewall Sheep Hunting Area havebeen minimal, resulting in no action. The Air Force proposed mitigation
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alternative will significantly enhance public access and hunt success. Thisalternative is offered only as a part to the whole Groom Mountain Rangemitigation package.
11. "Size of Withdrawal"
During initial meetings between the Air Force and BLM the question ofminimal area was raised by BLM to satisfy that agency's responsibility ofensuring that minimum acreage is considered for any withdrawal from the publicdomain. Also, during the scoping process the Air Force was requested tore-evaluate the withdrawal size. To satisfy the scoping request and at therequest of the BLM, Air Force provided specific data points of elevations asthey applied to the existing withdrawal usage and the concept for use of tl-2proposed renewal of the Groom Range withdrawal. Using mean sea levelelevations, above ground level elevations, geographic contours, and thepublicly stated description of proposed action, the BLM computerized ananalysis of the subject withdrawal. The results of the analysis combined withthe stated security requirements (a buffer area) led to the conclusion, statedin the BLM letter to DRI, 21 Aug 85, that the withdrawal acreage is minimal andnot excessive to the stated requirements.
See also response 34.
12. "Consensus Recommendation on Mitigation"
The Air Force and BLM have analyzed the impacts of the proposed action andare recommending mitigation measures which they believe are commensurate to theimpacts. Congress will be the final arbitor of mitigations actuallyimplemented. The State, and others, will have opportunity to make theirrecommendations during Congressional hearings.
13. "Information on Rock Art"
Photographs and accompanying notes/materials may be released upon request.However, such material may be subject to reimbursement costs.
See also response 9.
14. "Hunter-day Surplus Value"
The $15 per day consumer surplus used in the analysis represents ourestimate of the present value received by the recreator in excess of his actualcosts. This value, as noted in the DEIS, was based upon work by Pon (1970)updated to 1985 dollars.
This value does not include normal expenditures by the recreator since thecommodity lost due to the withdrawal is only the value received in excess ofcost. This analysis assumes that the recreator would incur a similar level ofrecreational cost while participating in a substituted recreational activity.
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See also responses 20, 21, and 22.
15. "Wildlife Waterers"
Game bird guzzlers and big-game guzzlers are simply artificial watersources that collect and store precipitation. The primary difference betweenthose for birds and big-game is size of the catchment area and storage tank.In general these waterers have been used to supplement natural water suppliesto achieve dispersal, or larger populations, of game species. Equivalencebetween wildlife waterers and natural springs is difficult to define becausethere are so many variables and related considerations. Springs generally havean associated riparian zone that enhances habitat for the concerned species aswell as others. The size and nature of the riparian zone depends upon thevolume and seasonal character of the spring flow, geology, soils, topographyand climate. Artificial waterers will not generally have an associatedriparian zone.
In dry years, a waterer may not collect enough water to last through thesummer months, but by the same token small springs may go dry. In either case,wildlife using that source must seek another.
NDOW has stated that replacement of springs on a one-for-one basis isinadequate and that a more reasonable ratio would be based on flow rate.
Probably more important than flow rate is whether the spring is perennialor ephemeral and whether or not it has a significant riparian zone. It isdoubtful that a spring which only flows for 2 or 3 months of the year cansustain a permanent wildlife population. It is equally doubtful that aperennial spring, which flows only 10 gpm can sustain only half the populationsustainable by a spring that flows 20 gpm.
Since artificial waterers do not create riparian habitat, no number ofthem will be equivalent to even a small perennial spring which does providethat associated habitat. If a waterer provides a perennial water source ofsufficient volume to meet the consumptive requirements of the wildlifepopulation (that amount which they actually drink), then it is equivalent as awater supply.
If a given wildlife population which is sustained by a spring and itsassociated riparian zone can be sustained by other vegetation throughdispersal at several waterers, then that number of waterers could be consideredequivalent to the spring.
Further discussions with and comment from NDOW indicate that they believe"that a ratio of 5:1 for natural waters is reasonable". Figure 3.4 of the DEISshows the location of 17 "springs" within the withdrawal. Table 3.4 of theDEIS displays the only known flow measurements for those water sources. Thoseflow measurements, which were made by DRI in late May 1985, reflect the annualpeak flows. Of those 17 "springs"; two had "flows" insufficient to measure andessentially no riparian zones; three are believed to be ephemeral and had verylow flows with limited riparian zones; two "springs" could not be located andthus may not even exist; and two have no access at the source because ofcovered diversion boxes and pipes that take the water off the mountain for
3-5
domestic supply and lower elevation stock tanks that have no riparianvegetation. Thus, of the seventeen water sources shown on Figure 3.4 of theDEIS only eight (8) have significant riparian vegetation and are believed to beperennial. However, one of these is believed to be a man-made source ratherthan a natural source.
Thus, replacement at the NDOW's recommended 5:1 ratio would entailpurchase of 40 wildlife waterers. A distribution of 30 bird waterers and 10big game waterers would be consistent with the observed wildlife resources andestimated potential hunter utilization on the Groom Range. This implies a costof approximately $380,000 (30 at $7,000 plus 10 at $17,000; average). The AirForce and BLM recommend that funds in the amount of $380,000 be made availableto Nevada Department of Wildlife for purchase of water storage tanks andcollection aprons for wildlife waterers in Lincoln County. The actuallocations within Lincoln County and types of waterers should be left to thediscretion of NDOW in consultation with other appropriate resource managementagencies.
The Air Force and BLM believe that the above 40 waterers are anappropriate and reasonable mitigation for lost hunting opportunity. Ownershipand maintenance responsibilities for these waterers should rest solely withNDOW. This mitigation is recommended.
16. "Purchase of Private Lands Adjacent to Kirch and Key Pittman WildlifeManagement Areas"
Purchase of private lands to expand the Kirch and Key Pittman Wildlifeareas was not considered since this would have a negative impact on LincolnCounty revenue, i.e. reducing tax base. It was not deemed appropriate toconsider actions which would reduce the already small amount of private land inthis part of the state. This decision is consistent with Lincoln County's SB40plan as drafted November 21, 1984. In that plan on pg. 4-5 under the headingof "Federal Lands" the County states its policy as:
"I. Increase opportunities for local economic development byselectively increasing the amount of privately owned and managed landwithin the County.
2. Public lands should be disposed of for private agricultureneeds ."
On pg. 6 of the plan under the heading of Agriculture the County states asits objective:
"Recognize that agricultural production in Nevada will be necessary tohelp meet the requirements of future state populations and isimportant to Lincoln County. Preserve agriculture land and promotecontinuation of agricultural pursuits in Nevada.
POLICIES
I. Formally recognize the value of and necessity for the retention andexpansion of agricultural land by all levels of government."
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17. "Real Estate Value of Groom Mountain Range"
No attempt was made to develop an appraisal of the real estate value ofGroom Mountain Range since the land was owned by the Federal Government beforethe temporary withdrawal, and will remain Federal land. The Federal Governmentdoes not "pay" for withdrawal of Federally owned lands. An attempt was made torealistically evaluate the public use values (hunting, recreation, etc) and themining and agriculture values of the Groom Mountain Range. These evaluationswere presented in Sections 3.10 and 4.2.10 of the DEIS.
18. "Maintenance, Use and Paving of the Rachel to NTS Road"
Maintenance of the 43 mile road from Rachel to the Nevada Test Site is theresponsibility of Lincoln County for approximately 8 miles from Rachel to theboundary of the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range. The Air Force maintains theremaining 35 miles.
As a part of the Nellis Range, this road is controlled for user safety.Since the mid-1970's a schedule has been published and briefed to thosecitizens of Lincoln County authorized to travel between the NTS and Rachel. Asactivities within this portion of the Nellis Range increased, a new schedulewas published and users made aware of the open and closed times of the rcad.An exclusive telephone number was established and published by which userscould call and verify the status of the road. It is neither practical norefficient for Air Force personnel to individually notify users of the roadstatus. The previously discussed method of determining status is working.
At the request of Governor Bryan, Air Force and BLM officials met withSt e representatives to discuss alternatives to the issue concerning pavingthe .1achel to NTS road.
An upgraded Type 1I gravel road with proper drainage and maintenance forthe length of the road from Rachel to the NTS Gate 700 junction is arecommended mitigat ion.
Lincoln County has applied for a right-of-way south of Rachel farm lands(the existing road cuts through private farm land) to provide a better road bedwhich will be consistent with recommended paving plans for the 8-mile portionof the road Lincoln County now maintains.
19. "Mitigation Measures Evaluated"
Public scoping meetings were held in Caliente, Alamo and Las Vegas togather input regarding issues and concerns relating to the proposed withdrawal.All issues and concerns raised at these meetings were addressed in the DEIS aswell as others that were not mentioned in the public comment. The eighteenmitigation measures discussed in the DEIS are in response to the concerns andissues raised.
See also response 28.
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20. "Recreational Use"
As indicated in Sec. 3.8.3 of the DEIS, historical recreational use (alltypes) was estimated on the basis of discussions with various organizations andon the basis of field observation of evidence (or lack thereof) of recreationaluse, eg. hunter camps, roads, trash. Estimates of lost recreationalopportunity (Sec. 4.2.8, pg. 4-7) are generous given the lack of hard data.Hunter recreation is limited by the natural productivity of the area. Even ifother recreational use estimates were tripled (while southern Nevada populationdoubles) the total use would remain low. See also response 21 and 22.
21. "Future Recreation Demands"
Growth in recreation demand was considered.
See also responses 20 and 22.
22. "Value of Recreational Use"
The $41,400 value estimated in the DEIS was made from on-site estimates ofpast use of the withdrawal area for both hunting and non-hunting recreation.This value as described in Section 4.2.10 was derived from the estimated"surplus value" of the recreational opportunity lost, not from expenditures.The commodity lost due to the withdrawal is only the value received above thatwhich is expended on the activity i.e. the consumer surplus. Using the"surplus value" as the value lost due to withdrawal it was estimated that theannual loss from 100 hunter days and 67 other recreational days is $2500. Torepresent the present worth of an infinite future series of annual recreationlosses of $2500 the annual value is divided by a discount factor. A.conservative 6% annual discount factor was used. This analysis does notinclude large increases in future use. If the future level of use were toincrease above current levels, the increase would be limited by the naturalresources available. Hunting would be limited by the area's ability to providegame, and other recreation by the limited resources, especially water. Theminimal spring flow and existing legal rights for stockwatering would severelylimit the amount of camping to those who are willing to dry camp in areas oflimited access. Day hiking and backpacking would not be similarly limited.Given this, the projected use indicated in the DEIS of 48 hunters and 104 daysof other activity by the year 2000 seems reasonable. If one applies the same"surplus value" per day to this year 2000 level of activity, the recreationconsumer surplus would be approximately $6000 on an annual basis. Using anaverage of the recent historic use and this projected year 2000 use, theaverage annual loss of $4,250 has a present value of approximately $71,000.
See also responses 20 and 21.
23. "Rehabilitation of Kershaw-Ryan State Park"
This potential mitigation meas-re for lost recreational opportunities wasnot brought up during the public scoping meetings. According to Mr. SteveWeaver, Assistant Administrator of Nevada Division of State Parks it would cost
3-8
approximately $754,000 to reopen the park to public use. Mr. Weaver statesthat :
"A significant portion of the amount is attributed to consultant fees. Inorder to prevent a repetition of the flood damages incurred in 1984, it is veryimportant that a detailed hydrology study be completed prior to any other work.This study must include a determination of runoff quantities at critical pointswithin the park and the feasibility of providing a stream channel capable ofhandling a 100 year flood. A park master plan must then be conducted since itis unlikely that facilities can or should be replaced in the same physicallocations within the park. Finally, construction drawings must be completedbefore any additional rehabilitation work is accomplished." (letter from Mr.Steve Weaver to G. Cochran dated 2/24/86)
As a potential mitigation measure, the Air Force believes that the costsfor rehabilitation of Kershaw-Ryan are incommensurate to the loss of comparablerecreational opportunities.
This mitigation measure is not recommended by the Air Force forimplementation.
24. "Cultural Resource Responsibilities"
A Memorandum of Agreement will be prepared by the Department of the AirForce and the Bureau of Land Management for the concurrence of the Nevada StateHistorical Preservation Officer. This Memorandum of Agreement can cover suchtopics as establishing guidelines delineating cultural resource responsibilityfor undertakings, designating a liaison officer, procedures for consultation,and evaluation and/or nomination for National Register significance. Since theGroom Mine is privately owned and is not a part of the withdrawal, it will notbe nominated to the National Register by the Department of the Air Force or theBureau of Land Management.
25. "Delineation of Grazing Privileges"
As authorized under the Taylor Grazing Act and further under PL 98-485(the current withdrawal act), D-4 Enterprises has grazing privileges within theBald Mountain Allotment. The current withdrawal is allowed subject to validexisting rights. Grazing privileges within the Naquinta Springs allotment werepreviously acquired by the Air Force and were subsequently retired. TheNaquinta Springs Allotment represents 58% of the withdrawal area. D-4Enterprises has no grazing privileges within the Naquinta Springs Allotment.Recognizing the difficulty in managing grazing because of restricted access andthe lack of fencing, a BLM citizen committee (the Coordinated ResourceManagement Plan (CRMP) Committee) recommended alloting 475 AUMs of temporarynon-renewable use within the Naquinta allotment. BLM has agreed with D-4Enterprises that no unauthorized use charges (trespass) would be made if minoroccasional grazing occurred on the allotment by Bald Mountain Allotment cattle.Blatant abuse or negligent use of this allotment, however, will result intrespass actions.
3-9
If a perimeter fence were to be constructed it would have an adverseimpact to livestock grazing within the Bald Mountain Allotment . Availablewaters on the west portion of the allotment would be included within the fence,thereby leaving a significant portion of the allotment without available water.The Air Force as part of fence construction will mitigate this impact by makingwater available north and east of the perimeter fence.
26. "Assignment of Military Personnel to Lincoln County"
Training and testing criteria for the Nellis mission are not compatiblewith locations external to the present Nellis complex. The USAF, throughNellis AFB, currently provides limited, temporary duty location of personnelwithin Lincoln County in support of ongoing Red Flag training activities.Should conditions change in the future, assignment of personnel to LincolnCounty would be considered.
27. "Estimated Numbers of Furbearers"
Data on past trapping activities in the Groom Mountain Range were notfound. Inquiry was made of Nevada Dept. of Wildlife. The DEIS lists primaryfurbearers expected to be found in the withdrawal area, though no attempt wasmade to conduct a census. Based on discussions with Nevada Department ofWildlife, it was estimated in the DEIS that the area could sustain 5 trap lines(see Sec. 4.2.8, pg. 4-7 of the DEIS).
28. "Responsibility for Mitigation"
Public Law 98-485 mandates that "as soon as possible after the date of theenactment of this Act but no later than January 1, 1987, the Secretary of theInterior and the Secretary of the Air Force shall issue an environmental impactstatement, consistent with the requirements of the National EnvironmentalPolicy Act of 1969, concerning continued or renewed withdrawal of the lands..."After enactment of PL 98-485, the Department of Interior and Department of theAir Force jointly decided that the Air Force would be the "lead agency" and theDepartment of Interior, represented by BLM, would be a "cooperating agency."This is reflected on the cover sheet (page i) and the cover of the DEIS.
Officials from the Air Force and BLM have worked together throughout thepreparation of the DEIS, including the discussions on potential mitigations.The statement "this shifts the mitigation burden from the Air Force to the BLM"is a misperception. Additionally, the Groom Mountain Range lands were owned bythe Federal Government before the temporary withdrawal as well as after thetemporary withdrawal. The Federal Government does not "pay" for withdrawal ofpublic lands. We are unaware of any program whereby the Air Force makes apayment for land withdrawn from the public domain.
29. "Treatment of Groom Mine Owners"
Although not a part of the EIS process, the Groom Mine compensation issue
does relate to the withdrawal renewal. The Air Force Office of General Counsel
3-10
(legal department) has been in direct contact with the Groom Mine owners ortheir legal representative. Contrary to the statements and implications of theCitizen Alert letter, there has not been a determination of compensation to theGroom Mine owners. Therefore, criticism of the outcome of legal discussionsbetween Groom Mine owners and the Air Force lawyers is premature and grosslymisleading.
30. "Bald Mountain Timber Rights"
On mining claims filed prior to 1955, a mining claimant had the right toutilize timber located on his/her claim but only for the purpose of, or in theprocess of, extracting the ore from the claim. The Mining law of 1872 did notbestow on the mining claimant a right to timber located off the claim. Aclaimant's use of timber on a mining claim was further clarified in Public Law84-167 "Common Varieties Act", July 23, 1955. To date we have been unable todetermine under which law this alleged right has been claimed.
3I. "Structure Identification"
We mistakenly identified the foundation due to an NTS sign found at thesite. The correct identification is appreciated.
32. "Grazing Privileges"
The Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934 (Section 3) refers to grazing uselicensed on public lands as "grazing privileges" and further that "issuance ofa permit pursuant to the provisions of this Act shall not create any right,title, interest, or estate in or to the lands". (43 U.S.C. Sec. 315b). Westand corrected.
3^.'. "Antelope Hunting South Stone Cabin Valley"
Aerial survey data accumulated by BLM, NDOW and USAF personnel duringannual Wildhorse population surveys have not documented significant antelopepopulation data which would support an annual harvest. Survey and forage dataindicate that wild horses and other wildlife species, such as antelope, competefor the limited resources available resulting in domination by wild horses andthe exclusion of other wildlife species. The Air Force does not believe thisto be a viable mitigation alternative after reviewing the area of concern andits relationship to the National Wildhorse Range Area.
34. "Guidelines for Evaluation of Withdrawal Size"
The following letter dated 21 Aug 85, from the BLM Acting District Manageris addressed to the Desert Research Institute, EIS Project Manager:
"The Bureau of Land Management, in its role as cooperating agencywith the Air Force for the Groom Mountain Range Withdrawal EIS, hasanalyzed for smaller configurations of the withdrawal. Using
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factors provided by the Air Force, ar. analysis was conducted inwhich public safet-, and national security requirements were analyzedin the context cf physiographic and vegetative conditions in thearea. In order to maintain visual and physical security,unauthorized access to certain trails, roads, ridgelines and landareas must be controlled. To efficiently and effectively providesecurity, physical access to secure boundary areas must be readilyattainable by security personnel. These factors are minimally, butadequately met by the current boundaries. While visual security ismaintainable in some areas with a lesser amount of land, the otherparameters are compromised. In some cases, new road construction onsteep terrain would be required to maintain the same level ofsecurity as is achieved with the current boundary."
"It became clear through this analysis that the current size andconfiguration of the withdrawal are the minimum necessary toreasonably maintain security. In our opinion, it is impossible todevise a smaller or differently configured boundary which would meetthe stated purposes of the withdrawal. Consequently, no furthereffort to develop this alternative for analysis in the EIS shouldoccur.
See also response 11.
35. "Consideration of PL 98-485"
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 provides for publicparticipation throughout the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) preparation.All issues, concerns and mitigation measures presented during the scopingprocess and public comment period are considered in the EIS. Included in thepublic coumment are a letter from the Governor of Nevada and a statement fromCongressman Reid, both of which were submitted after the draft EIS was madeavailable to them. The concerns and issues raised in the governor's letter andCongressman's statement are addressed in the final EIS.
See also responses 17, 22, and 75.
36. "Wildlife Management Cooperation"
As in other BILM planning efforts, the Nevada Department of Wildlife willbe consulted during the development of the Groom Mountain Range Management Planon all aspects of the plan which may impact wildlife.
37. "Nuclear Tests, Dissolution of NTS, Intercontinental Missiles, and StarWars"
These comments are unrelated to the proposed actinn, and therefore willnot be addressed in this study.
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28. "Bombing and Strafing of the Sheahan Property at Groom Mine"
The mill was apparently destroyed sometime in 1952; cause unknown. To our
knowledge, no formal claim has ever been filed against the Air Force, although
a lawsuit was filed against the United States of America in the early '50s andwas subsequently dismissed with prejudice several years later after the
plaintiff failed to diligently pursue the action.
39. "Location of Boondock Lode Claim"
Figure 1.7 of the DEIS is not conducive to depicting precise location of
individual claims because of their small dimensions at the given map scale.Approximate location of the Boondock is shown in Figure 3.7 (revised) which ispresented in the "Corrections to the DEIS". More precise portrayal is given inthe "Mineral Inventory and Geochemical Survey" report for the Groom Mountain
Range.
40. "Access to Valid Claims"
The statement of paragraph 1, page 4-i, of the DEIS is correct. BLM hasdetermined that you hold a "current valid claim". You will be given access to
the claim so long as the claim remains valid.
See also response 41.
41. "Periods of Access to Boondock Claim"
Access will be maintained to owners, employees, and business invitees tovalid mining claims within the area, including persons to Whom an interest in
such mining claims has been legally transferred by sale, inheritance, etc.Because of national security requirements, such access must be restricted to
scheduled visits at specified times, to be arranged with the proper militaryauthorities. If necessary military limitations on such visits to valid claims
prevent working of mines, the Air Force will obtain subordination rights fromthe valid claim owners by negotiated agreement or condemnation. The Air Forcewould obtain no mineral rights in such a transaction, and the owners would be
paid for the lost opportunity to mine the claims now rather than delaying until
the conflicting military operations have ceased in a few years. Appraisals to
determine that value would be paid for by the Federal Government.
42. "Rock Samples from Boondock Lode Mining Claim"
An attempt was made to collect from each claim rock samples that representthe best mineralization found at each sample site. Rock samples were taken to
investigate geochemical relationships.
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43. "Request for Rock Sample Analysis"
Mr. Cowan brought samples of rock to the Nevada Bureau of Mines andGeology for assay. Analyses were done by wet chemical and fire-assaytechniques which yield qualitative measures of the contents of the sample.Semi-quantitative spectrographic analysis of the sample was conducted by theBranch Exploration Research, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO. Significantresults of the Nevada BM&G analysis indicated the following:
Au(oz/ton) Ag(oz/ton) Pb% Zn% Hg(ppb)
<0.002 23.97 32.54 0.04 <35
These results are significa~itly different from those derived from sample No.'047 which was collected by NBMG and reported in the "Mineral Inventory andGeochemical Survey" for Groom Mountain Range.
The Air Force and its contractors cannot attest to the location from whichMr. Cowan collected the submitted sample, however, Mr. Cowan's statement is notcontested.
44. "Legal Description of Withdrawal Area"
The legal descriptions shown in DEIS Appendix A have been derived fromprojected townships, that is, lands which have not been surveyed and platted.Therefore, it is proper to refer to the overall acreage as "more or less".
45. "Cost of Red Rock Purchase"
The estimates given in Section 4.3.4, ranging from $4,000,000 to$25,000,000 are based upon the total acreage purchased. The lowest costsrepresents the estimated cost of only the priority 1 acreage, 625 acres. The$25,000,000 cost represents the estimated cost for the entire 4,968 acres.
46. "Evaluation of Mitigation Measures"
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) provides a discussion onall potential mitigation measures raised during the scoping process. The DEISdoes not decide which mitigation measures would or would not be taken if thewithdrawal is renewed. Rather, the DEIS offers a recommendation on whichmitigation measures, if adopted, would most fairly and adequately mitigate theimpacts of renewed withdrawal. The discussion in the DEIS of potentialmitigation measure No. 6 clearly reflects the high cost of these guzzlers($270,000 - $540,000). Additionally, previous discussion in the DEIS(paragraph 4.2.6) shows that providing water for bighorn sheep would not bemitigating a direct impact of the withdrawal.
See also response 15.
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47. "No Action Alternative"
As stated on pg. 2-1 of the DEIS, the "No Action" alternative wouldcompromise both public safety and the security of national defense activities,both of which are unacceptable to the Air Force.
See also response 56.
48. "Positive Impacts of Proposed Action"
Positive impacts are insured public safety and security of the nationaldefense assets. Additional positive impacts are discussed in Section 4.2.7 ofthe DEIS. The withdrawal is expected to be beneficial due to protectionafforded cultural resources. Furthermore, the withdrawal will afford greaterconservation of the area's natural resources than would be possible with otheractions such as a wilderness designation.
49. "Reasons for the Withdrawal"
It is not the intent or desire of the Air Force to generate negativepublic attitude through this withdrawal action or document preparation. Thesimple facts of the rationale behind the withdrawal are as stated in the DEIS-- the Air Force, supported by the BLM and documented by DRI, requires a bufferof land to provide public safety and protect national security. It's thatsimple. Definition of the term national security or discussion in attempts tofurther "explain" or "inform", draws one back to the term itself.
See also responses 56 and 69.
50. "Other Mitigation Measures"
See responses 15, 18, 19, 23, 28, and 35.
51. "Mining Potentials"
The withdrawal would not "hamper" development of mining potentials, itwould prohibit such development over the life of the withdrawal. At somefuture time such development might be possible if economic conditions warrant.Prohibition of potential minerals development will adversely effect possiblefuture Lincoln County tax revenues and general economic development. Thisissue was discussed in Section: 3.10 and 4.2.10 of the DEIS. Owners of validmining claims will be compensated.
See also responses 65, 80, 82, and 81.
52. "Deep Carbonate Aquifer Studies"
The Groom Mountain Range is believed to be an area of recharge to the deepcarbonate aquifer groundwater flow system(s) of eastern and southern Nevada.
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As a recharge zone, the area would not be developed for water supply. In factas a source area, withdrawal will provide a measure of protection. Duringfield investigations for the DEIS, Desert Research Institute personnelcollected hydrologic data needed for studying the "Deep Carbonate Aquifers".
52. "Socioeconomic Impact to Lincoln County"
These impacts are discussed in Sections 3.10, 4.2 and 4.3 of the DEIS.
54. "Air Force Payments to Lincoln County"
There is no statutory authorization to provide monies to a state generalfund as a result of withdrawal of federal land, nor does the DEIS address sucha suggestion.
55. "Shoshone Land Claim"
Your comments are noted, however, the United States Government does notagree.
56. "Reasons for the Withdrawal"
Training, testing and evaluation of weapons is not a casual task. Safeboundaries or buffers must be in place to protect range personnel and thegeneral public. As discussed in the response to Governor Bryan (response 9)and the BLM letter to DRI (response 34), security and safety are complex andare not perceived as vague or empty terms. The DEIS has stated the need forthe proposed action and does address impacts upon grazing, mining, recreation,cultural resources, animals, vegetation, water, soils, physiography, climate,air quality, and taxes.
The DEIS addresses safety as a concern towards the general public. It isnot intended to be directed toward a specific person or group of people.
The "No-Action" alternative, paragraph 2.1 on page 2-1 of the DEIS, statesthat "such action is not responsive to the national defense and that a returnto public land status would compromise .... security of the national defenseactivities in the area." A discussion based on Mr. Benezet's questions goesbeyond the requirement or intent of the EIS process of relating impacts to thewithdrawn area, proposed renewal of withdrawals, or areas adjacent to thewithdrawal.
57. "Minerals Descriptions"
Mr. Benezet was sent a copy of the Groom Mountain Range Minerals Inventoryand Geochemical Survey report. Minerals discussion in the DEIS were summarizedfrom that report.
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58. "Groom Mine Production"
Mr. Benezet states that the value of the 1950-1956 production from GroomMine has a current dollar value of about $1.5 million. If the mine operatorsinvested that money between 1950-1956 then the value of that investment isstill presumably at that level. If the mining had occurred more recently, saythe early 1980's the value of that production would have been even higher giventhe precious metal market price history.
59. "Public Comment Period"
The DEIS was filed with the EPA and mailed to the public on October 25,1985. Three public hearings were conducted during the week of November 18,1985, and the public comment period ran through December 30, 1985. Thismore than meets the requirements of the Council on Environmental Quality.
60. "Paving Kane Springs Road"
When the State of Nevada paved State Route 318 from near its junction withUS 93 to US 6 the Las Vegas/Ely road mileage was reduced, but it resulted in adecrease of traffic through the communities of Caliente, Panaca and Pioche.These communities have suffered reportedly significant economic consequencesfrom that shift.
If the Kane Springs road is paved, the Las Vegas/Ely mileage would beroughly equivalent via either SR318 or US 93. This could lead to a reductionof highway traffic through the communities of Alamo and Ash Springs.
The Air Force views these major economic questions as belonging properlyto Lincoln County and the State of Nevada.
See also response 64.
61. "Proper Spelling of Rachel"
Your comment is noted. Thank you.
62. "Holding Corrals for Wild Horses"
The contract horse corrals are for the limited interim period during whichtime large numbers of excess horses are being removed from the public lands.After that time, maintenance removals will be such that the Palomino ValleyHorse Corrals, north of Sparks, will be adequate to hold any excess horsesand/or burros.
63. "Cost of Paving Rachel Road"
The estimates presented by the DEIS were based on discussions between DRI
and Nevada Department of Highways engineering personnel. The $160,000 per mile
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costs included 3-1/2" of road mix, grading, design, and engineering. Ifinformation is available that will significantly reduce those costs, eitherthrough the State or Lincoln County, Air Force will be available to discussalternate recommendations.
See also response 18.
64. "Paving Kane Springs Road"
On Feb. 24, 1986 Air Force, BLM and contractor representatives met withState agency representatives to discuss road construction mitigation measures.The Rachel to NTS road is of primary interest.
See also response 60.
65. "Appraisal of Mining Claims"
Air Force legal personnel are working with mine owners or their legalrepresentatives to determine who will perform the appraisals.
66. "Reintroduction of Bighorn Sheep"
Ms. Simkins' question is most properly referred to Nevada Department ofWildlife.
67. "Extent of Impacts"
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 will be adhered to.
68. "Safety Risk Prior to Withdrawal"
The Air Force did have reason to believe that members of the generalpublic would be subject to safety risks if they entered the withdrawn area. Ifthe withdrawal reverted to public land the general public would be exposed tothe same safety risks they would have experienced prior to the withdrawal.
69. "Security Risk Prior to Withdrawal"
Yes, there was reason for the Air Force to believe that there was a riskto national security prior to the Air Force action and subsequent withdrawal.If the withdrawn lands revert to public land, the risk to the national securitywould be serious.
As Mr. John 0. Rittenhouse, Deputy for installations Management, DeputyAssistant Secretary of the Air Force, stated before the Subcommittee on PublicLands and National Parks for the House of Representatives, on August 6, 1984,"....based on national security, access restrictions were placed on this areato prevent access by unauthorized visitors."
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70. "Withdrawal Will Limit Livestock Grazing and Mining to Present Levels"
Grazing: see responses 9, 25, and 71.Mining: see responses 9, 29, and 51.
71. "Value of Livestock Grazing"
The withdrawal area could support a larger amount of grazing use since theNaquinta Springs allotment has been retired through Air Force purchase,however, the impacts being examined involve current use. The income basemultiplier for Lincoln County of $1.77 would properly be used with the annualincome from livestock grazing of $2,141. This could result in an economic lossof $3,790 per year to Lincoln County, however, this loss would only occur iflivestock grazing were eliminated. The present assumption is that livestockgrazing will continue.
72. "Value of Recreation"
The estimates presented in the Draft EIS represent the present worth ofthe "consumer surplus" from both hunting and non-hunting recreation at presentlevels. If the hunting and non-hunting were to increase based on populationprojections for Clark and Lincoln Counties as described in Section 4.2.10 theprojected use of the area by the year 2000 would be less than double the pastuse. If one applies the same analysis and uses the average value betweenrecent past use and the estimated year 2000 level of use the present value ofthe loss would be approximately $71,000. The estimate of $500,000 potentialloss provided by the Lincoln County Board of Commissioners would require atwenty-four fold increase in use over historical. The limited resources of thearea for both hunting and non-hunting recreation would not support an increaseof this magnitude.
See also responses 20, 21, and 22.
73. "Mineral Potentials"
Minerals discussion in the DEIS is a summary from the Groom Mountain RangeMineral Inventory and Geochemical Survey which was conducted as part of theenvironmental impact analysis process. Copies of that report were provided tothe commission.
74. "Assessment of Property for Taxes"
There have been no apparent major changes to private property within -hewithdrawal area since the time access restrictions were imposed.
See also response 9.
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75. "Purchase of Red Rock Lands"
The Santini-Burton Bill differs significantly from the Groom RangeWithdrawal situation. in Santini-Burton, Federal lands are being sold intoprivate ownership to fund the purchase of environmentally sensitive privatelands in the Tahoe basin. The result is that ownership of Federal land shiftsfrom the urbanized Las Vegas Valley to the Tahoe basin without a substantialoutlay of Federal funds. To suggest that the Air Force purchase the GroomRange Withdrawal area in effect, means the U.S. Government would be purchasingland from itself to, in turn, finance the purchase of other lands.
Acquisition of the Summa lands near Red Rock Canyon Recreation Lands wouldbe a very beneficial asset to the recreation area and to southern Nevada.However, strictly looking at this proposal as an equivalent, "in kind",mitigation of impacts created by the continued withdrawal shows it to betotally disparate in comparison. The recreation losses covered by thewithdrawal total less than 200 visitor-days and $2500 value annually.
There is great disparity between loss and this mitigation, however, BLMwill continue its long term efforts to effect acquisition of these landsthrough exchange.
76. "Reversion of Withdrawal Area"
The purpose and need for the withdrawal area will be periodicallyreviewed. When it is determined by the Secretary of the Air Force that thewithdrawal area is no longer needed for the purpose for which it is beingwithdrawn, the area will be proposed for reversion to public land status.
77. "Future Environmental Impacts"
Should any future activities in the Groom Mountain Range lands be beyondthe scope of those analyzed in this Environmental Impact Statement, theNational Environmental Policy Act of 1969 will be adhered to.
78. "Withdrawal of Nevada Test Site"
The Air Force was not the proponent for the withdrawal of the Nevada TestSite (NTS), nor did the Air Force withdraw the NTS. This has nothing to dowith the Groom Mountain Range withdrawal.
79. "Wilderness Consideration for Groom Mountain Range"
The area was inventoried for wilderness potential in 1979 and was foundunsuitable for inclusion as a wilderness study area.
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80. "Access to Groom Mine"
The purpose of the EIS is to discuss impacts of the withdrawal. Access to
the Groom Mine, by the owners, has been an issue since the withdrawal actionbegan and has been the focus of numerous media articles. Grazing and mining
rights and the implied impact of livelihood denial have been discussed duringthe public scoping meetings and in written statements. The EIS processrequires discussion of identified issues in the document and public meeting.
81. "Need and Location of Withdrawal"
The area in question is contiguous to the Nellis Range Complex and willprovide the required buffer zone. Other areas do not meet the requirements
criteria.
82. "Meaning of Subordination"
If claims are subordinated by the Air Force, the owners would continue toown the claims and receive monetary payment in exchange for the legal right todefer extraction of the minerals.
83. "Fair Value Lease of Groom Mine Claims"
If the market value of the mineral being mined is higher than the gross
cost to extract, the lost opportunity to mine, due to a subordination lease,will be reimbursed. If the market value is less than the gross cost toextract, it is assumed mining would not take place.
84. "Valid Existing Rights"
Impact analysis was conducted on the basis that valid existing rightswould be recognized.
See also response 9.
85. "Comment from Nevada Mining Association"
Neither the Nevada Mining Association nor Mr. Bob Warren provided publictestimony or written comments.
86. "Access by Hired Miners"
The Air Force recognizes the valid existing rights clause in PL 98-485 anddesires to work with those valid claim holders within the area to resolve anyquestions or concerns they may have.
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S• • m |ý
87. "Archeological Study"
Dr. Pippin's study was performed as part of the environmental impactanalysis process for the proposed renewed withdrawal. Thus, his findings andconclusions form an integral part of the DEIS and were presented in Sections3.7 and 4.2.7 of the DEIS.
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3.2 INDEX OF RESPONSES TO COMMENTS
Response Comment Response Comment Response CommentNo. No.'s No. No.'s No. No.'s
1 1 37 64, 140, 141 84 1512 2 38 66, 106 85 1533 3 39 67, 133 86 1544 6 40 68, 124 87 1555 7 41 69, 70, 71, 1356 8 42 727 9 43 738 10 44 74, 799 4, 12, 13, 45 76
20, 23, 44, 46 77, 13252, 62, 88, 47 80
116, 136, 144, 48 82148, 152 49 83, ]19
10 14, 25 50 8411 18, 21, 35, 51 85
81, 95, 103, 52 86, 121104, 105, 124 53 90, 125
12 19 54 9113 22 55 9414 24 56 9613 11, 15, 26, 57 97
36, 45, 137, 58 98149 59 99
16 27, 47, 53, 60 92, 100138, 145, 150, 61 101156 62 102
17 28, 58, 60, 115 63 107, 108
18 17, 29, 41, 64 10987, 89, 123 65 Ito
19 30 66 11120 31, 38, 59, 78 67 112
21 32 68 11322 33 69 11423 16, 34, 40 70 11724 5, 37, 75, 131 71 11825 39, 152 72 11926 42, 51, 93 73 12027 43 74 12228 46 75 56, 65, 126
29 48 76 12730 49 77 12831 50 78 12932 54 79 13033 55 80 14234 57 81 14335 61 82 146
36 63 83 147
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4.0 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES
In the DEIS the Air Force presented eighteen (18) potential mitigationmeasures that had been considered and evaluated during the EIS process. Thesemitigation measures had been suggested during "Scoping Meetings" held by theAir Force, by contractor personnel and others. After the DEIS was published, agreat deal of comment was received during the formal public hearings and publiccomment period regarding these mitigation measures and other potentialmitigation measures. The Air Force has seriously considered this publiccomment and re-evaluated each of the original mitigation measures and analyzednewly suggested mitigation measures. In PL 98-485, Section 2, Congressdirected the Secretaries of Air Force and Interior to issue an EnvironmentalImpact Statement that "...shall include a description of and recommendationsconcerning measures to mitigate the impact of such continued or renewed
withdrawal on opportunities for outdoor recreation, mineral exploration anddevelopment, and agriculture in Nevada." After careful consideration and studyof the suggested potential mitigation measures, the Air Force and BLM havecategorized the potential mitigation measures as follows:
I. Recommended Mitigation Measures for which Air Force and/or BLM hasAuthority and/or Funding Appropriation;
II. Recommended Mitigation Measures for which neither Air Force nor BLMhas Funding Authority; and
III. Potential Mitigation Measures not Recommended for Implementation.
The mitigation measures are summarized here according to these categoriesand with reference to the DEIS and the responses to public comments.
4.1 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WHICH AIR FORCE AND/OR BLM RAVENECESSARY AUTHORITY AND/OR FUNDING APPROPRIATION
Potential Mitigation No. 1: Purchase of Waterers to Improve Wildlife Habitatin Proximity to Groom Mountain Range -- ( No.'s 5 and 6 in DEIS)
A distribution of 30 bird waterers and 10 big game waterers would beconsistent with the observed wildlife resources and estimated potential hunterutilization on the Groom Range. The Air Force will make funds available to theNevada Department of Wildlife for the purchase of the water storage tanks andcollection aprons. The actual locations within Lincoln County and types ofwaterers installed will be left to the discretion of NDOW in consultation withother appropriate resource management agencies.
The Air Force and BLM believe that the above 40 waterers are an appro-priate and reasonable mitigation for lost hunting opportunity. Ownership,installation, and maintenance responsibilities for these waterers will restsolely with NDOW.
- see response 15
* To be implemented.
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Potential Mitigation No. 2: Compensate Owners of Valid Patented and Unpatented
Mining Claims -- (No. 3 in DEIS)
If the market value of the mineral being mined is higher than the grosscost to extract, the lost opportunity to mine, due to a subordination lease,will be reimbursed. If the market value is less than the gross cost toextract, it is assumed mining would not take place.
If claims are subordinated by the Air Force, the owners would continue toown the claims and receive monetary payment in exchange for the legal right to
defer extraction of the minerals.
- see responses 29, 40, 41, 51, 65, 73, 80, 82 and 83.
* To be implemented.
Potential Mitigation No. 3: Open Additional Portions of Nellis Air Force Rangeto Controlled Hunts -- (No. 4 in DEIS)
On the basis of a study on Nellis Air Force Range of game resources, in
relationship to training and testing programs and security requirements, theAir Force has concluded that an additional 26 square miles on StonewallMountain can be opened for bighorn sheep hunting. This would be in conjunctionwith the existing 10 square mile area and occur during the same time frame.
- see response 10
* To be implemented.
Potential Mitigation No. 4: Expand Nevada Dept. of Wildlife's, WildlifeManagement Areas through Purchase or Exchange -- (No. 8 in DEIS)
Purchase of private agricultural land to expand the Hiko, Sunnyside andWayne Kirsch Wildlife Management Areas (WMA), would not be appropriate (seeresponse 16). The Air Force and BLM recommend against such land purchases.
However, at Sunnyside WMA, BLM administers adjacent land which would bewell suited to the water-based wildlife management program at that area. BLM
has expressed willingness to work with NDOW on the Sunnyside lands. At Hiko,the adjacent BLM administered lands are best suited to dry-land grazing andthus are not compatible to that water-based wildlife program.
- see response 16
* To be implemented at Sunnyside WMA.
Potential Mitigation No. 5: Develop Groom Mountain Range Management Plan forWildlife, Range and Cultural Resources -- (No. 15 in DEIS)
Many aspects of the withdrawal area will require a continuing level ofmanagement to insure against adverse impacts. These include livestock grazing,wildlife, maintenance of water sources, control of range fires, and protection
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of cultural resources. The Air Force will mitigate these impacts through anagreement with BLM to cooperatively plan for and manage the resources of the
area.
- see response 24
* To be implemented.
Potential Mitigation No. 6: Impact Evaluation of Perimeter Fence
Construction -- (No. 17 in DEIS)
If a perimeter fence were to be constructed it would have an adverseimpact to livestock grazing within the Bald Mountain Allotment. Availablewaters on the west portion of the allotment would be included within the fence,
thereby leaving a significant portion of the allotment without available water.The Air Force, as part of fence construction, will mitigate this impact bymaking water available north and east of the perimeter fence through springdevelopment and pipelines, and/or well(s) and pipelines.
Further, if a perimeter fence is constructed, a survey of archaeologicresources on the alignment would be conducted. Based on studies conducted forthis EIS, the fence is not expected to adversely affect wildlife, vegetation,soils or water resources.
- see responses 25 and 77
* To be implemented.
4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WHICH NEITHER AIR FORCE NOR BLM HAS
FUNDING AUTHORITY
Potential Mitigation No. 7: Improve Access Road from Rachel into NTS --(No. 12 in DEIS)
Maintenance of the 43 mile road from Rachel to the Nevada Test Site is theresponsibility of Lincoln County for approximately 8 miles from Rachel to theboundary of the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range. The Air Force maintains the
remaining 35 miles.
At the request of Governor Bryan, Air Force and BLM officials met withState representatives to discuss alternatives to the issue concerning pavingthe Rachel to NTS road. An upgraded Type II gravel road with proper drainage
and maintenance for the length of the road from Rachel to the NTS Gate 700
junction is a recommended mitigation.
The Air Force will seek authorization and appropriation in fiscal year1988 fcr funds to upgrade that part of the road on Nellis AF Range property andfor a Defense Access Roads funding for the eight miles in Lincoln County.
- see response 18
* To be implemented.
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4.3 POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES NOT RECOMMENDED FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Potential Mitigation No. 8: Rehabilitation of Kershaw-Ryan State Park(not considered in DEIS)
This potential mitigation measure for lost recreational opportunities wasnot brought up during the public scoping meetings. According to an AssistantAdministrator of Nevada Division of State Parks it would cost approximately$754,000 to reopen the park to public use.
As a potential mitigation measure, the Air Force believes that the costsfor rehabilitation of Kershaw-Ryan are incommensurate to the loss of comparablerecreational opportunities.
- see response 23
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 9: Compensate D/4 Enterprises for Possible Impact toMarket Value of the Bald Mountain Allotment -- (No. 1 in DEIS)
The Air Force could agree to guarantee access to potential purchasers ofthe Bald Mountain Allotment or develop an agreement with the owners of D/4Enterprises specifying the terms under which compensation might be made ifthere is a loss in market value should the cattle operation be put up for sale.Alternatively the Air Force could consider out-right purchase of the allotmentwith subsequent lease-back to the current owners. It is recommended that noaction be taken on this unless a problem develops and can be evaluated under
circumstances existing at that time.
- see responses 25 and 71
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 10: Open Other Military Withdrawals to MineralsExploration and Development -- (No. 2 in DEIS)
The possibility of making other lands in Nevada, which have been withdrawnfor military purposes, available for mineral exploration in lieu of the landslost to exploration in the Groom Mountain Range was investigated. This landtrace could not be done on a value-for-value basis since exploration potentialis speculative in any area. Other DOD lands within Nevada include Nellis AFB,Nellis AF Range, U.S. Army Ammunition Depot at Hawthorne, U.S. Navy BombingTarget Areas in Churchill County, and portions of the Wendover AFAF and Range.With the possible exceptions of Nellis AFB, Wendover AFAF, and all but one of
the Navy Bombing Target Areas, each of the listed DOD properties has a historyof mineral exploration or production.
In reality, however, few, if any, of these areas could be considered for apotential trade. Many areas within the Nellis AF Range could not be considered2due to security considerations. Other areas are active bombing ranges and
public safety could not be assured and still maintain the military usage.
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Analysis of the locations of areas potentially attractive for minerals explora-tion and development, together with locations of on-going military training andtesting programs, indicates that it would not be possible to open any portionof Nellis AF Range without seriously compromising national defense programs.Cognizant authorities at the other military withdrawals have indicated thatbecause of public safety and program considerations there are no lands suitablefor release (See Federal Agency Comment Letters).
The Hawthorne Army Ammunition Depot land withdrawal is scheduled forreview within the coming year by BLM. The area will be analyzed to determineif the withdrawal should be extended in part or in whole. Lands not needed forDepot operation would be returned to Public Lands status. Mount Grant, an areasimilar to Groom Mountain Range, is solely within the Depot withdrawal.
0 Not recommended for implementation
Potential Mitigation No. 11: Mule Deer Habitat Improvement in Adjacent LincolnCounty Ranges -- (No. 7 in DEIS)
To compensate for loss of mule deer hunting it may be possible to increaseherd sizes and stability through range manipulation in near-by areas. BLMconsulted NDOW regarding this mitigation. On the basis of this consultationthe Air Force and BLM have concluded that the costs for such a program wouldnot be commensurate with the level of impacts created by the withdrawal andalso with the benefits to be derived.
0 Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 12: Establish Gene-Pool Herd of Bighorn Sheep on theGroom Mountain Range -- (No. 9 in DEIS)
Any reintroduction of desert bighorn sheep would necessitate follow-uppersonnel. Purpose of the withdrawal is to establish a secure buffer zone andany follow-up personnel and activities would be unacceptable to the Air Force.
- see responses 9 and 66
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 13: Establish Controlled Hunts for Deer and Birds onthe Groom Mountain Range -- (No. 10 in DEIS)
Purpose of the withdrawal is to establish a secure buffer zone formilitary activities. Any entry to the area will compromise this purpose and istherefore unacceptable to the Air Force.
- see response 9
* Not recommended for implementation.
4-5
Potential Mitigation No. 14: Purchase Adjacent Private Land to Expand Red RockCanyon Recreation Lands in Clark County -- (No. 11 in DEIS)
The Santini-Burton Bill differs significantly from the Groom RangeWithdrawal situation. in Santini-Burton, Federal lands are being sold intoprivate ownership to fund the purchase of environmentally sensitive privatelands in the Tahoe basin. The result is that ownership of Federal land shiftsfrom the urbanized Las Vegas Valley to the Tahoe basin without a substantialoutlay of Federal funds. To suggest that the Air Force purchase the GroomRange Withdrawal area in effect, means the U.S. Government would be purchasingland from itself to, in turn, finance the purchase of other lands.
The estimates given in Section 4.3.4 of the DEIS, ranging from $4,000,000to $25,000,000 are based upon the total acreage purchased. The lowest costrepresents the estimated cost of only the priority 1 acreage, 625 acres. The
$25,000,000 cost represents the estimated cost for the entire 4,968 acres.
There is great disparity between loss of recreation opportunities and thismitigation, however, BLM will continue its long term efforts to effect acquisi-tion of these lands through exchange.
- see responses 45 and 75
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 15: Complete the Paving of Kane Springs Road --(No. 14 in DEIS)
When the State of Nevada paved State Route 318 from near its junction withUS 93 to US 6 the Las Vegas/Ely road mileage was reduced, but it resulted in adecrease of traffic through the communities of Caliente, Panaca and Pioche.
These communities have suffered reportedly significant economic consequencesfrom that shift.
If Zhe Kane Springs road is paved, the Las Vegas/Ely mileage would beroughly equ2,,alent via either SR318 or US 93. This could lead to a reductionof highway traffic through the communities of Alamo and Ash Springs.
The Air Force and BLM view these major economic questions as belongingproper:) to Lincoln County and the State of Nevada.
- see responses 60 and 64
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 16: Locate Wild Horse and Burro Corrals in LincolnCounty -- (No. 14 in DEIS)
Approximately 1500 wild horses and burros were recently removed from theWild Horse and Burro Range located on the Nellis AF Range and transported toBLM's permanent handling facility in Washoe County. Additional excess animals
need to be removed from Nellis AF Range over the next two years.
4-6
While Air Force and BLM believe that it is desirable to mitigate thepotential economic adverse impacts to Lincoln County, existing permanentfacilities in other parts of the state and the temporary nature of the excess
horse problem make this mitigation measure unworkable.
- see response 62
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 17: Transfer of BLM Land in Clark County for a
Veterans Cemetery -- (No. 16 in DEIS)
A Southern Nevada Veteran's Cemetery is not an acceptable mitigation for
this action. According to the Clark County Public Works Department the area
that has been proposed is subject to severe flooding and should be used for
flood protection. In BLM conversations with the local Veteran's
Administration, the VA expressed no interest in this possible mitigation.
Further, it is not related to the withdrawal.
* Not recommended for implementation.
Potential Mitigation No. 18: Controlled Access for Scientific Studies and
Research -- (No. 18 in DEIS)
The Groom Mountain Range offers opportunity to conduct archaeologic andecologic research that may be unique. It has been suggested that controlled
access be given for such studies. However, this access would compromise the
secure buffer zone purpose for which the renewed withdrawal is sought.
- see response 9
* Not recommended for implementation.
4-7
5.0 CORRECTIONS TO THE DEIS
Any document the size and complexity of the DEIS is bound to containtypographical, spelling and punctuation errors that are missed in the editingand review process. However, most of these types of errors do not affecteither the meaning or clarity of the document. No attempt is made in thiserrata to correct those errors. Only those corrections are made which arenecessary to assure meaning, clarity and factual accuracy, including correctspelling of proper names. Corrections are listed by page number, paragraph andline number. Paragraph numbering commences with the top paragraph, whetherfull or partial.
1. pg ii; P5; L6Spelling: "Stonewall"
2. pg iii; P3; L3Clarity: After "gene pool herd" insert "of big horn sheep" and continue to
end of sentence.
3. pg iii; P6; L9Clarity: The term "public" is too broad. Access is restricted to Nevada
Test Site Workers.
4. pg 1-2; Figure 1.1Spelling: "Rachel" not Rachael
5. pg 1-6; P5; L9Spelling: "being" not '"bing"
6. pg 2-3; P2; L9Accuracy: After the words "would be impacted" and before the end of the
sentence insert "beyond the historical and current hazards fromgrazing".
7. pg 3-16; P1; L3Spelling: capitalize "Russian"
8. pg 3-17; P5; L2 and L6Spelling: L2 - "Mahogany"
L6 - "buck brush"
9. pgs 3-18 thru 3-21Accuracy: Subsequent to preparation of the DEIS a workshop held 9/18/85 by
the Northern Nevada Native Plant Society reclassified the status
of several plant species found, or expected to be found; on theGroom Mountain Range Withdrawal. The species reclassified andtheir current status are as follows:
Species Status
Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea 3C/watchMachaeranthera grindelioides var. d.pressa 3C/other rarePoly gala subspinosa var. heterorhvnca 3C/other rareAstragalus beatleyae I/watchSclerocactus polyancistrus 3C/watch
5-i
10. pg 3-19; Table 5.7Accurac: Definitions for status I and status 2 are reversed. They should
read:
"I - indicates taxa for which enough information is onhand to support listing as a threatened or endangeredspecies
2 - indicates taxa for which more information is needed"
Also, changes as noted in 9.
11. pg 3-21; P8; L7Spelling: "Gopherus" not "Gapherus"
12. pg 3-32; Figure 3.7Accuracy: The Boondock Lode claim was not shown on this Figure. The
approximate location is shown on Figure 3.7-revised. (seecomment No. 67 and response 39)
13. pg 4-9; P4; L8Accuracy: The term "grazing rights" should be changed to "grazing
privileges" since no "right" is established. (see commentNo. 54 and response 32)
14. pg 4-9; P5; L5Clarity: The second sentence is incomplete. Line 5 should read as
follows "Unit Month (AUM), then the difference between this $4amount and the $1.35..."
15. .pg 4-15 and 4-16; Section 4.3.4Accuracy: The area referred to in this section is properly called "Red
Rock Canyon Recreation Lands".
16. pg 4-17 and pg 4-18;Accuracy: A value of 39 miles was used for the length of the road from
Rachel to NTS Gate 700. The actual distance is 43 miles (8miles from Rachel to the NAFR boundary plus 35 miles from theNAFR boundary to NTS Gate 700). This 4 mile difference resultsin some minor differences in calculations of commute time andeconomics. However, the basic conclusions remain unchanged.The following corrections are in order.
a) pg 4-17, replace P2 and P3 with the following:To evaluate the worth of paving the road between Rachel and NTS
to Lincoln County residents now working at NTS two approaches may betaken. The first is to evaluate the direct savings in terms ofcommute costs and time if the commute frequency were unchanged. Fromthe telephone survey it was estimated that sixty of the sixty-eightemployees working at NTS from Lincoln County made a weekly commute.The remaining eight currently traveled the unpaved road on a morefrequent basis. If those sixty were to use the Rachel road, theywould save approximately 150 miles per round trip over going via LasVegas per week per person and approximately two hours and forty-fiveminutes per round trip. Valued at $0.25/mile the annual commute
5-2
savings would be $108,000 and 7,920 hours based on a 48 week year. Adaily commute using the Rachel to NTS road would increase the mileagefrom approximately 400 miles/week to 1,190 miles/week. The addedtime spent commuting would be approximately 14 hours/week. In termsof total cost incurred at $0.25/mile this would be $570,000 and40,220 hours per year.
Both of these figures are maximum values based upon eachemployee making the commute in their own vehicle. However, due tocar pooling it is believed that these figures would be substantiallyless, possibly only 40 percent of those values. Therefore the annualsavings based on weekly commuting would be npproximately $41,000 witha present value of $720,000 using 6 percent interest rate. Theincreased incurred cost for daily commute, i.e., worth to LincolnCounty residents, would be $228,000/year with a present value of$3,800,000.
b) pg 4-18, replace P3 with the following:If the road were to be paved it would require two twelve foot
lanes with two foot shoulders resulting in a twenty-eight foot roadbed over the 43 mile length of the road. To do this job with anasphalt road mix the Nevada Department of Transportation estimatesthe cost would be approximately $160,000 a mile or a total cost of$6,880,000. If the job were to be done with gravel the total costwould be about $2,580,000 and for $13,900,000 the road could be pavedto a secondary highway standards. Additional construction costs forculverts and other crossings of ephemerical channels would have to beadded to the paving costs. These additional costs cannot beestimated at this time. These costs should be compared with themaximum derived benefit of the road. The mitigation measure is notrecommended for implementation.
17. pg 4-18; P4; LiClarity: At the beginning of this sentence insert "Paving" such that the
sentence reads "Paving the Kane Springs Road..."
18. pg 6-4; Lines 8, 21, and 30Spelling: line 8 - "cooperative"
line 21 - "Audubon"line 30 - "speleological"
5-3
GABBS C
N* WHITE INE COUNTY
'I-E Z
70NOP A
\N OVER .0 PPLTIO
~ GROOM~ RAGE WTHDAWA
KILOMETERS
FIGURE1.1 (Rvised)Generaized LcationMap - RooaoutinRneeihdaa8-
P 54 E R 55E A 56E
-4r
(A ~BW 1cfair
I I Gadwalader,I------- --- ---- ---- --- Milisite
3 1 I
I ICA
us - -- -- ---117: lKahamacli
dondc Ipg
01. _Ifoo Mine--- - -c ai s- I-- --------
-- -- - 4 - 4 ------- -T
NR 55E
FGURE 3.7 (Revised) patented and -Unpatented Mining Claims Location Map
Groom Mountain Range Withdrawal
a I 3
SCALE - MILES
5-5
6.0 LIST OF FREPARERS
Dr. John Bowen was responsible for examining air quality and relatedaspects of the withdrawal area. He holds a Ph.D. in Physics and f.a-20 years experience in evaluation of air quality and meteorologicalmonitoring.
Dr. Gilbert F. Cochran was responsible for overall co-ordination andmanagement of the preparation of this EIS. He holds a Ph.D. inHydrology and has 18 years experience in various areas of research,and administration related to all aspects of water resources andother environmental concerns.
Mr. John W. Fordham was responsible for all water resource areas andrelated issues for the project. Mr. Fordham holds B.S. and M.S.degrees in Civil Engineering (Water Resources) and has 20 yearsexperience conducting hydrologic investigations and water resourcesresearch in both the public and private sectors.
Dr. Thomas R. Harris was responsible for evaluating the economic and
social conditions of the area as well as economic aspects of variousmitigation measures. He holds a Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics andhis work has emphasized developing evaluation methods and naturalresource models for Nevada counties.
Dr. R. Narayanan was involved with the economic evaluations of theseveral aspects covered in the EIS. He holds a Ph.D. in economicsand has 10 years experience related to resource economics.
Dr. Lonnie C. Pippin was responsible for the overall cultural surveyand evaluation. He holds a Ph.D. in Anthropology with 8 yearsexperience in Nevada-California as well as 12 years experience inthe American Southwest.
Dr. Michael J. Pontrelli was responsible for evaluating the existinganimal populations and the potential adverse and beneficial impacts
to these species. He holds a Ph.D. in zoology and has over 20 yearsexperience in both academics and as a consultant.
Mr. Jack G. Quade served as a senior geologist for mineralassessment of the area evaluated in the EIS. Mr. Quade holds a M.S.in Geology and has 20 years experience in geologic exploration and
evaluation of mineral resources.
Mr. Ronald L. Reno served as supervisory archaeologist for all
cultural fieldwork and as historic consultant for the project. Hehas a M.A. degree in History and is an archaeologist/historian with18 years experience in Nevada.
Dr. Stanley D. Smith was responsible for vegetation analysis andidentification of rare and/or endangered species in the withdrawal
area. He holds a Ph.D. in biology and plant physiology and has 8years experience working with Great Basin and desert vegetation.
6-1
Mr. Joseph V. Tingley served as an economic geologist to evaluatethe mineral resources of the withdrawal area. Mr. Tingley is aregistered Mining Engineer in Nevada and a Registered Geologist inCalifornia and has 25 years as an exploration geologist.
Dr. Paul T. Tueller was responsible for evaluating the range ecologyand grazing impacts for the area. He holds a Ph.D. in range ecologyand has over 21 year6 of field experience with natural resouresampling problems.
6-2
7.0 DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR THEFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
7-1
Air Force Regional Civil Engineer Boulder City LibraryAttention: Mr. Lammi 539 California Street630 Sansome Street Boulder City. Nevada 89005San Francisco, California 84111
Ms. Anita BowenDr. Ronald Anderson 3966 Sagewood Street3257 Susileen Las Vegas. Nevada 89117Reno, Nevada 89509
C. W. BowserMr. Gail Armstrong P. 0. Box 22Lincoln County Commissioner Boulder City, Nevada 89005Box 526Panaca, Nevada 89042 Governor Richard Bryan
State of NevadaAudubon Society State Capitol Bu-ildingRed Rock Chaoter Carson City, Nevada 89710P. 0. Box 4294.1Las Vegas. Nevada 89116 Suzzane D. Bucy
811 Denver Center BuildingGarland Ballentine Denver, Colorado 80203P. 0. Box 436Alamo, Nevada 89001 Ms. Cristi Bulloch
% Senator Paul LaxaltMr. John Ballow 300 Las Vegas Boulevard South, Suite 410P. O. Box 255 Las Vegas, Nevada 89101Caliente, Nevada 89008 Lt Col Jerry Bussell
Mr. Walter Barbuck 250 North Eastern Avenue4050 Palos Verdes Street Las Vegas, Nevada 89101Las Vegas, Nevada 89119 Caliente City Council
Ms. Ann Marie Barragato City Hall4217 San Angelo Avenue Caliente, Nevada 89008Las Vegas, Nevada 89102 Caliente Police Department
Mr. Kraig Beckstrand Attention: Leland LesickaP. 0. Box 237 Caliente, Nevada 89008Panaca, Nevada 89042 S. G. Canning
Mr. Louis Benezet P. 0. Box 381Prince Mine Alamo, Nevada 89001Pioche, Nevada 89043 Mr. Robert Carricaburu (2 copies)
Mr. David and Ms. Jackie Bennett % Tetra Tech CompanyP. 0. Box 417 348 West Hospitality LaneAlamo, Nevada 89001 Suite 300
San Bernardino, California 92408Ms. Janet Benton% Aerojet General Corporation Cedar City Public Library330 South Third Street 136 West CenterSuite 603 Cedar City, Utah 84720Las Vegas, Nevada 89103
Central Nevada Development AuthorityMaJ William 0. Benton Attention: Pat LandanHQ AFESC/JA P. 0. Box 2330Tyndall AF3 FL 32403 Hawthorne, Nevada 89145
Mr. Cory E. Bodman Central Nevada Development AuthorityP. 0. Box 725 Attention: Rick Hard, ChairmanCaliente, Nevada 89008 P. 0. Drawer 3790
Tonopah, Nevada 89049Mr. Howard Booth3370 Frontier Street Charleston Heights LibraryLas Vegas, Nevada 89102 800 Brush Street
Las Vegas, Nevada 89107Ms. Myram BordersP. 0. Box 1088 Ms. Mary Louise ChristianLas Vegas. Nevada 89'.25 P. 0. Box 508
Pioche, Nevada 89043
7-2
Mr. John W. Christian Division of Historic Preservation and25 Main Street Attention: Alice M. BeckerPioche, Nevada 89043 Department of Conservation & Natural R
201 South Fall StreetMs. Cheri Cinkeske Carson City. Nevada 89710816 Lil 1 isNorth Las Vegas, Nevada 89030 Division of State Parks
Room 119. Nye BuildingCitizen Alert 201 South Fall StreetAttn: Mr. Bill Fulkerson Capitol ComplexP. 0. Box 5391 Carson City, Nevada 89710Reno, Nevada 89513
Ms. Sandra Oulgar
Citizer. Alert Lincoln County Admin AssistAttn: Ms. Judy Treichel P. 0. Box 3294552 Balsam Street Pioche, Nevada 89043Las Vegas, Nevada 89108
0/4 Enterprises. Inc.Citizen Alert Z Mr. Steve MedlinAttn: Mr. Bill Vincent Alamo, Nevada 89001P. 0. Box 1681Las Vegas, Nevada 89125 A. R. Eckley
250 WestchesterClark County Community College Las Vegas, Nevada 89109Learning Resource Center3200 East Cheyenne Avenue Mr. Ken EllsworthNorth Las Vegas, Nevada 89030 1717 South 1Sth Street
Las Vegas, Nevada 89104Clark County Library1401 East Flamingo Road Ms. Louise EllsworthLas Vegas, Nevada 89109 Regional Assistant
Cooperative Extension Service Senator Paul Laxalt
Attention: Darwin Bradfield 300 Las Vegas Boulevard South, Suite t10
P. 0. Box 68 Las Vegas, Nevada 89101
Caliente, Nevada 89008 Ely Valley Mining Company
Mr. Richard A. and Mrs. Joan Cowan P. 0. Box 36
4854 Tiffany Way Pioche, Nevada 89043
Fair Oaks, California 95628 Joe B. Fallini Jr..and Susan L. Fa lini
Ms. Linda Crook Twin Springs
5019 Mesa View Drive Tonopah, Nevada 89049Las Vegas, Nevada 89120 Fish and Wildlife Service
Mr. Charles W. Crunden 4600 Kietzke Lane, Building C
Nevada Department of Wildlife Reno, Nevada 89502
State Mail Road Mr. H. Paul Friesema, ProfessorLas Vegas, Nevada 89107 Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Rese
Northwestern UniversityMr. Harold Curry .2040 Sheridan Road5864 North Torrey Pines Drive Evanston, Illinois 60201Las Vegas. Nevada 89130
Mr. Morley E. and Mrs. Rose A. Davis Mr. Doug Fuller
820 Front Street 4217 San Angelo AvenueCaiernt, Ntevaa 8Las Vegas, Nevada 89102Caliente, Nevada 89008
Ms. Christy GeldbachMr. Ralph L. Denton % Congressman Barbara Vucanovich626 South 7th Street P. 0. Box ALas Vegas, Nevada 89001 North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030
Ms. Sara Denton Mr. Gene L. Gerdes1260 Denver Street PresidentBoulder City, Nevada 89005 Nevada Trappers Association
2775 Lone Tree RoadDirector, Environmental Project Review Fallon, Nevada 89406
Room 4239
Department of the InteriorWashington, DC. 20240
7-3
Mr. Oran K. Gra;son Mr. Ca-l KellyRegional Assistant Box 152Senator Chic Hecht Ala-o, Nevada 89C013700 Aoache LaneLas Vegas, Nevada 891 7 Ms. Rcsemary Kilpatrick
6533 Wheelbarrow Peak DriveMr. Edwarl R. Gray Las Vegas, Nevada 89108330 South Third StreetLas Vegas, Nevada 89101 Mr. Douglas Lamoreax
Box 38
Mr. Ronald A. Green HiKo, Nevadi 89017P. 0. Box 384Alamo, Nevada 89001 Mr. Brad Langner
306 Katherine WayMr. David Grimes Auburn, California 9560225.0 iivian StreetLakewood, Colorado 80215 Las Vegas Public Library
1725 East Charleston BoulevardGreat 3asin Grotto Las Vegas, Nevada 89104Attention: Mr. Alvin McLaneP. 0. Box 13798 Mr. John LeitchReno, Nevada 89507 President
Nevada Wildlife FederationMr. Bob Hallock 820 East Sahara AvenueUSFWS Las Vegas, Nevada 891044600 Kietzke, Building CReno, Nevada 89502 J. J. Lesicka and 0. E. Lesicka
P. 0. Box 102Mr. R. L. Haslem Caliente, Nevada 89008Box 298Hiko, Nevada 89017 Lincoln County Commissioners
Lincoln County CourthouseMr. George A. Hemrick P. 0. Box 329P. 0. Box 294 Pioche, Nevada 89043Alamo. Nevada 89001 Lincoln County Conservation District
Henderson Library Attention: Keith Whipple, ChairmanHenderson, Nevada 89015 P. 0. Box 457
Caliente, Nevada 89008
Mr. Vaughn HigbeeAgricultural Extension Agent Lincoln County Conservation Distr4ctBox 303 P.O. Box 459Alamo, Nevada 89001 Pioche, Nevada 89043
Mr. Robert E. High Lincoln County Game ManagementP. 0. Box 194 Attention: R. Donahur, ChairmanAlamo, Nevada 89001 P. 0. 8o; 457
Caliente, Nevada 89008Mr. David G. HilstromP. 0. Box 358 Lincoln County LibraryAlamo, Nevada 89001 Caliente Branch
Box 306Mr. Kenneth W. Hosier Caliente, Nevada 89008Box 484Alamo, Nevada 89001 Lincoln County Library
Box 428Lt Col L. R. Hourcle Pioche, Nevada 89043Air University Cadre/R/ABldg 1400 Lincoln County Power District #1Maxwell AF3 AL 36112-5532 SR 89063 Box 101
Pioche, Nevada 89043Keer-McGee Resources CorporationKeer-McGee Center Lincoln County Rec6rdOklahoma City, Oklahoma 73125 1001 Ranch
Callente, Nevada 89008Mr. Dan KellerBox 402 Lincoln County Road DepartmentCaliente, Nevada 89008 P. 0. Box 32
Callente, Nevada 89008
7-4
Lincoln County Sheriff Natural Resources Defense CouncilCounty Courthouse 25 KearnyPioche, Nevada 89043 San Francisco. California 9-108
Mr. Richard W. Lum Nature Conservancy7360 West 74th Street 735 Market Street, 3rd FloorAlunon, Colorado 80003 San Francisco, California 94103
Mr. Vance MacDonald Mr. Leland E. Nelson1318 South Eastern Avenue P. 0. Box 153Las Vegas, Nevada 89104 Alamo. Nevada 89001
Ms. Barbara F. Manning Nevada Association of Counties677 Burton Street Attention: Mr. Lee Maxey. ProJect Man ;erMende-son, Nevada 89015 308 North Curry Street, Suite 205
Carson City, Nevada 89701Ms. Mary ManningLas Vegas SUN, Inc Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology121 South Hiznland Drive University of Nevada RenoLas Vegas, Nevada 89127 Reno, Nevada 89557
Mr. Larry Matheir Nevada Cattlemen's Association5276 Rambling Road Mr. Wayne S. Marteny, PresidentLas Vegas, Nevada 89120 9 Railroad Street
Elko, Nevada 89801Mr. Jim Mayberry6500 West Charleston Boulevard 4298 Nevada Department of AgricultureLas Vegas, Nevada 89102 P. 0. Box 11100
Rena, Nevada 89512-1100Mr. Grant a. -.c'liveP. 0. Box 454 Nevada Department of MineralsAlamo, Nevada 89001 Richard Reyburn. Director
400 West King Stret, Suite 106Steve and Glenda Medlin Carson City, Nevada 89710SR Box 80Alamo. Nevaa 89001 Nevada Department of Transportation
P. 0. Box 1700. F. Miller Las Vegas. Neý\:a 891013102 West 28thAmarillo, Texas 79109 Nevada Department of Wildlife
Region IIIMinerals Exploration Coalition State Mail Room ComplexMr. John 0. Wells, President Las Vegas, Nevada 8915812640 West Cedar DriveP. O. Box 15638 Nevada DepartmL-t of WildlifeDenver, Colorado 80215 1100 Valley Road
P. 0. Box 10678Mr. Darwin Morgan Rena, Nevada 89520-0022KVBC-TV31500 Foremaster Lane Nevada Department of WildlifeLas Vegas, Nevada 89101 Attention: Mr. John Donaldson
State Mail Room ComplexElwood Mose Las Vegas, Nevada 89158Executive DirectorIndian Commission Nevada Department of WildlifeState of Nevada Attention: Mr. Roy Leach472 Galletti Way State Mall Room ComplexSparks. Nevada 89431 Las Vegas, Nevada 89158
Mr. Robert G. Mosley Nevada Department of WildlifeP. 0. Box 433 Attention: Mr. Kraig M. BeckstrandAlamo. Nevada 89001 P. 0. Box 303
Panaca, Nevada 89042Museum of Natural HistoryAttention: Dr. Kevin Rafferty Nevada Division of ForestryDivision of Anthropological Studies Attention: Mr. Ed GlickUniversity of Nevada State Mall Room ComplexLas Vegas. Nevada 89109 Las Vegas, Nevada 89153
7-5
Nevada Hig.way Oepartment Mr. Dennis ParobekDistrict #1 Senator Chic Hech:East Ely. Nevada 89315 Hart Senate Building
Washington, D. C. 20510Nevada Mining AssociationP. 0. Box 2498 Ms. Becky ParrReno. Nevada 89505 5303 Stamoa Avenue
Las Vegas, Nevada 89102Nevada Public Land Users Association2375 Star Route 70 People's Animal Welfare SocietyLas Vegas. Nevada 89101 P. 0. Box 127, Station D
Scareborough, OntarioNevada State Department of Agriculture MIR 4Y7Attention: Mr. Thomas E. SmigelState Mail Room Complex Ms. Sylvia PierceLas Vegas, Nevada 89108 Alamo, Nevada 8900'.
Nevada State Di ,'ision of Agriculture Prince Consolidated Mixing and Smeltin: CoP. 0. Box 11100 Pioche, Nevada 89043Reno, Nevada 89510
Mr. & Mrs. Roscoe PolandNevada State Highway Department 3924 Hughes Court1253 South Stewart Street San Diego, California 92115Carson City, Nevada 89701
Congressman Harry ReidNevada State Highway Patrol 420 Foley Federal Bldg and Courthouse2281 Autumn 300 Las Vegas Boulevard SouthEly, Nevada 89301 Las Vegas, Nevada 89101
Nevada State Historical Society Ace RobisonAttention: Peter L. Bandurraga, Director SR323A1650 North Virginia Russell BuildingReno, Nevada 89557 Washington, 0. C. 20510
Nevada State Library Mr. Theodore H. RoemerLibrary Development Division 4130 Jay StreetCapitol Complex Wheat Ridge, Colorado 89033Carson City, Nevada 89710
Mr. Joe RossNevada State Multiple Land Use Advisory Comm Bureau of Land ManagementAttention: Julian C. Smith Jr., Chairman Box 25569501 North Divi.sion Street Las Vegas, Nevada 89125Carson City, Nevada 89701
Mayor George T. RoweNevada State Museum P. 0. Box 63Attention: Donald R. Tuohy Caliente, Nevada 89008600 North Carson StreetCarson City, Nevada 89710 Mr. Steve R. Rowe
Box 302Mr. Allen Newberry Caliente, Nevada 89008Box 525Panaca, Nevada 89042 Mr. Burt Rudder
P. 0. Box 432North Las Vegas Library Alamo, Nevada 890012300 Civic Center DriveNorth Las Vegas, Nevada 89030 SAC/DEPVQ
Attention: Ms. Gloria HaggeNorthern Nevada Native Plant Society Offutt AFB NB 68113Attention: Ms. Ann PinzlCurator of Natural History M. J. SanchezNevada State Museum 2615 South MissionCarson City, Nevida 89710 Tucson, Arizona 85713
Mr. William O'Donnell Mr. Bill SandersP. 0. Box 545 P. 0. Box 745Caliente, Nevada 89008 Alamo, Nevada 89001
7-6
Mr. Jerome F. Sears Mr. Bill SmithP. 0. Box 275 2410 Doherty WayPioche, Nevada 89043 Henderson, Nevada 89015
Mr. Thomas 0. Sears Commissioner Lenard 0. SmitiP. 0. Box 71 Box 443Pioche, Nevada 89043 Caliente, Nevada 89008
Avis and Pat Sheahan Mr. Mark Smith312 Country Club Drive 2301 East Sahara AvenueHenderson, Nevada 89015 Las Vegas, Nevada 89115
Mr. Benjamin E. Sheahan Soil Conservation Service540 Federal P. 0. Box 8Henderson, Nevada 89015 Caliente, Nevada 89008
Mr. Dan Sheahan Mr. George Solomon2460 East Flamingo Road 4509 Sun Vista DriveLas Vegas, Nevada 89109 Las Vegas. Nevada 89104
Mr. Daniel R. and Mary F. Sheahan South Nevada Environmental Forum101 Constitution Avenue 705 Mallard AvenueHenderson, Nevada 89015 Las Vegas, Nevada 89104
Mr. Danny Sheahan Ms. Lillie Spencer656 Burton P. 0. Box 403Henderson, Nevada 89015 Alamo. Nevada 89001
Ms. Jackie Sheahan Mr. Warden C. Spencer540 Federal Box 241Henderson, Nevada 89015 Alamo, Nevada 89001
Ms. Martha Sheahan Mr. Richard Spotts127 Ivy California RepresentativeHenderson, Nevada 83015 Defenders of Wildlife
5604 Rosedale WayMr. Joe Sheahan Sacramento, California 95322312 East Country Club DriveHenderson, Nevada 89015 State Conservation Commission
Attention: Ms. Pam WilcoxSierra Club Chairman 201 South Fall StreetP. 0. Box 19777 Carson City, Nevada 89107Las Vegas, Nevada 89132
Mr. Charles L. StewartSierra Club P. 0. Box 522Attention: Mr. Vernon Bostick Alamo, Nevada 890015805 Churchill AvenueLas Vegas, Nevada 89107 St. George Public Library
55 West TabernacleSierra Club St. George, Utah 84770Attention: Ms. Rose StricklandToiyabe Chapter Mr. Dan L. StoddardP. 0. Box 8096 Box 351University Station Alamo, Nevada 89001Reno, Nevada 89507
Summa CorporationMs. Connie Simkins Attention: Mr. John GoolsbyBox 333 P. 0. Box 14000Panaca, Nevada 89042 Las Vegas, Nevada 89156
Mr. Devora Smallwood E. P. SwerdfegerP. 0. Box 479 844 - 15thAlamo, Nevada 89001 Boulder, Colorado 80302
Mr. Bill Smith R. M. Swerdfeger4050 Palos Verdes Street 012 204 Country Club ParkLas Vegas, Nevada 89119 Grand Junction, Colorado 81502
7-7
Ms. Karen Swirsky Major Eric A. Vranek1682 Kenneth Drive SAF/LSLSanta Ana. California.92705 Washington DC 2023 0-1000
Mr. Zolan Tanner Congressman Barbara Vucanovicn2221 Rigney Lane P. 0. Box ALas Vegas, Nevada 89115 North Las Vegas, Nevada 89020
Mr. Bob Taylor Mr. John B. Walker6609 Bills Way Nevada State ClearinghouseLas Vegas, Nevada 89107 State Office of Community Services
Capital ComplexMs. Tracie L. Thayer Carson City. Nevada 39710P. 0. Box 294Alamo, Nevada 39001 Washoe County Library
301 South Center StreetUrnetco Minerals Corporation Rena, Nevada 89505Emerson MineP. 0. Box 307 Mr. Charles S. Watson Jr.Alamo, Nevada 8 -0 1 National Public Land Task For-c
Nevada Outdoor Recreation Association. Tho.United States Environmental Protection Ag P.O. Box 1245Region IX Carson City, Nevada 89702215 Fremont StreetSan Francisco. California 94105 Western Shoshone National Council
Attention: Mr. William Rosse Jr., ChairmanUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Library Route 1. Box 24A4505 Maryland Parkway Austin, Nevada 89310Las Vegas, Nevada 89154
White Pine County LibraryUniversity of Nevada Library Courthouse PlazaGetchell Library Ely, Nevada 8930"Government Publications DepartmentRena, Nevada 89507 Wild Horse & Burro Committee for
National Academy of ScienceUrban Advocates Attention: Mr. Fred Wager , ChairrmanAttn: Mary Linda Kemp College of Natural Resources815 16th. St., NW USuite 709 Utah State University
Washington, D.C. 20005 Logan, Utah 84 -22
U.S.D.A. Forest Se-vice Wild Horse Organized AssistanceHumboldt National Forest Attention: Ms. Dawn Y. Lappin, Director
P. 0. Box 539 PR n. Box 505
Ely, Nevada 89301 Reno, Nevada 89E0S
Mr. William L. Van Mr. Jay A. Willden
P. 0. Box 563 Box 252
Alamo; Nevada 890'. Caliente, Nevada 89008Mr. M. J. Wilson
Mr. Jeff Van Ee 725 Arrowhead TrailP. 0. Box 19777Hedro.Nva891Las Vegas, Nevada 89132 Henderson, Nevada 89015
Jay William & Marjorie WrightMr. Glen Van Roekel Hiko, Nevada 89017Director of Community DevelopmentCity of CalienteBox 158Caliente, Nevada 89008
Mr. Mark VogelP. 0. Box 19777Las Vegas, Nevada 89132
Mr. Edison VogelReview-Journal NewspaperP. 0. Box 70Las Vegas, Nevada 89125
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