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Report Documentation Page

Report Date

00 Mar 2001

Report Type

N/A

Dates Covered (from... to)

-

Title and Subtitle

Explosive Ordance Disposal in a Joint Environment

(EOD)

Contract Number

Grant Number

Program Element Number

Author(s) Project Number

Task Number

Work Unit Number

Performing Organization Name(s) and Address(es)

HQ TRADOC Attn: ATDO-A Fort Monroe Va

23651-5000

Performing Organization Report Number

Sponsoring/Monitoring Agency Name(s) and

Address(es)

Sponsor/Monitors Acronym(s)

Sponsor/Monitors Report Number(s)

Distribution/Availability Statement

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited

Supplementary Notes

The original document contains color images.

Abstract

Subject Terms

Report Classification

unclassified

Classification of this page

unclassified

Classification of Abstract

unclassified

Limitation of Abstract

UU

Number of Pages

101

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FOREWORD

This publica tion h a s been prepared u nder our d irection for use by our respective

comma nd s a nd ot her comma nd s a s a p propria t e.

JOHN N. ABRAMS

General, USA

Commander

Training and Doctrine Command

R.G. SPRIGGRear Admiral, USN

Commander

Navy Warfare Development Command

MARTIN R. BERNDT

Major General, USMC

Commanding General

Marine Corps Combat DevelopmentCommand

LANCE L. SMITHMajor General, USAF

Commander

Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center

This publication is available on theGeneral Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library at

www.adtdl.army.mil

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PREFACE1. Scope

This multiservice ta ctics, t echniq ues, a nd procedures (MTTP ) man ua l

provides guida nce an d procedures for th e employment of an explosive

ordnance disposal (EOD) force when operating in a joint capacity throughout

t he ra nge of milit a ry op era t ions.

2. Purpose

This manual identifies standard tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)

a m ong t he services for p la nn ing, int egra t ing, a n d execu t ing E O D op era t ions

in a joint environment. It sets forth TTP to assist joint activities andperforma nce of the ent ire EOD force and est a blishes the procedures necessa ry

t o p rot ect a ll Unit ed S t a t es (U S) milit a r y a nd coa lit ion p ersonnel a nd

operations.

3. Application

This p u b lica t ion a p p lies t o a ll lea d ers, p la nners, a nd t he E O D w a rfight er

when deploying forces into any theater. The TTP established in this manual

a p p ly t o t h e comma nd ers of comb a t a n t comma nd s, su b u nified comma nd s,

joint ta sk forces (J TFs), an d subordina te component s of th ese comma nds.

4. Implementation Plan

Participating service command offices of primary responsibility will review

t his p u blica t ion, va lid a t e t he informa t ion, a nd reference a nd incorp ora t e i t in

service a n d comma nd m a n u a ls, regu la t ions, a nd curricu la a s follow s:

Army. The Army w ill incorpora te th e TTP in t his publica tion in U S Armyt ra ining a n d d oct rina l p u blica t ions a s d irect ed b y t h e Comma nd er, US Army

Tra ining a nd D octr ine Comma nd (TRADOC). Dist ribution is in a ccordan ce

with Department of the Army (DA) Form 12-99-R.

Marine Corps. The Ma rine C orps w ill incorpora te t he TTP in t hisp u blica t ion in U S Ma rine C orps (U SMC) t ra ining a nd d oct rina l p u b lica t ions

a s d irect ed b y t he Comma nd ing G enera l , US Ma rine Corp s Comb a t

Develop ment Comma n d (MCC DC). Dist rib u t ion is in a ccord a nce wit h t heMa r ine Corps P u b lica t ion Dist rib u t ion S y st em.

Navy. The Navy w ill incorporat e the TTP in U S Na vy doctrin e and t ra iningpublicat ions a s directed by the Comma nder, U S Na vy Wa rfa re Development

Comma nd (NWDC ). Distribut ion is in accordan ce w ith MI LS TRIP Desk G uide

a n d Na vy S u p plement a l P u b lica t ion 409.

Marine Corps: PCN 14400009600

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Air Force (AF). AF u nit s will va lid a t e a n d incorp ora t e a p propria t eprocedures in accordance with applicable governing directives as validated by

Headquarters (HQ), AF Civil Engineer (CE). Distribution is in accordance

w ith Air F orce Inst ruction 33-360 as directed by th e Air F orce Doctrine Cent er

(AFDC).

5. User Information

a . The TRADOC-MCC DC -NWDC -AFD C Air La nd Sea Applica tion

(ALS A) Cent er is th e proponent for this publication w ith th e joint

participation of the approving service commands. ALSA will review and

u p d a t e t his p u b lica t ion a s req u ired .

b. We encoura ge recommended cha nges for improving this publica tion.

Key comment s to specific chapt ers a nd subjects w hile providing a ra tiona le for

each recommendation. Send comments to

Army

CommanderUS Army Training and Doctrine Command

ATTN: ATDO-AFort Monroe, VA 23651-5000

DSN 680-3454 COMM (757) 727-3454E-mail: [email protected]

Marine Corps

Commanding GeneralUS Marine Corps Combat Development Command

ATTN: C423300 Russell Road Suite 318A

Quantico, VA 22134-5021DSN 278-6233 or 34 COMM (703) 784-6233/4

Navy

Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command

ATTN: ALSA Liaison Officer1530 Gilbert StreetNorfolk, VA 23511-2723DSN 262-2782 COMM (757) 322-2782

Air Force

Headquarters Air Force Doctrine CenterATTN: DJ

216 Sweeney Boulevard, Suite 109

Langley Air Force Base (AFB), VA 23665-2722DSN 574-8091 COMM (757) 764-8091E-mail: [email protected]

ALSA

ALSA CenterATTN: Director

114 Andrews StreetLangley AFB, VA 23665-2785DSN 575-0902 COMM (757) 225-0902

E-mail: [email protected]

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FM 4-30.16

MCRP 3-17.2C

NTTP 3-02.5

AFTTP(I) 3-2.32

FM 4-30.16 US Army Training and Doctrine Command

Fort Monroe, VA

MCRP 3-17.2C US Marine Corps Combat Development Command

Quantico, VA

NTTP 3-02.5 US Navy Warfare Development CommandNewport, RI

AFTTP(I) 3-2.32 US Air Force Doctrine CenterMaxwell AFB, AL

15 February 2001

EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSALMultiservice Procedures for EOD in a Joint Environment

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PageExecutive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Chapter I EOD within the Department of Defense

Mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Ca pabil i t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Common C ha ra cteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Int eroperabil ity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3

Chapter II EOD in a Joint Environment

Operat ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1

Employment Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-2

Service Component Responsibility with DIRLAUTH . . . . . . . . . . II-2

Lea d-Service Component(wit h or w ithout TACON or OP CON) Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-4

Subordinat e J EODTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-5

J oint EOD Opera tions Center (J EODOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-7

Informat ion Mana gement a nd Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-8

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:Distribution is approved forpublic release; distribution is unlimited

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Chapter III Army EOD Operations

Int erservice Responsibil it ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1

Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1

Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1

Organiza tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-4Ca pabil i t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-5

Tra ining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-7

Chapter IV Marine Corps EOD Operations

Int erservice Responsibil it ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

Organiza tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

Ca pabil i t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4

Tra ining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6

Chapter V Navy EOD Operations

Int erservice Responsibil it ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1

Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1

Organiza tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2

Ca pabil i t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-3

Tra ining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-9

Chapter VI Air Force EOD Operations

Int erservice Responsibil it ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1

Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1

Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1

Organiza tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-3

Ca pabil i t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-4

Tra ining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-6

Appendix A Multiservice EOD Capabilities Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Appendix B EOD Planning Checklist for Joint Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Appendix C Establishing a JEODTF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Appendix D Standardized EOD Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

Appendix E EOD Recurring Support Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary-1

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References-1

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index-1

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FIGURES

II -1 Service-Component Responsibility (with D IRL AU TH) Organiz at ion . . . . . . . II-3

II -2 Lead -Service (wit h or with out TACON/OP CON) Organiza tion . . . . . . . . . . . . II-5

II-3 J EOD TF Orga nizat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-6

III -1 US Army Theater E OD F orce Str ucture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-2

III -2 US Army E OD F orce Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-4

IV-1 US MC H&S C ompan y, Engineer Support B a tta l ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-2

IV-2 US MC EOD P latoon, Engineer Support B at ta l ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-2

IV-3 US MC EOD Section, Marine Wing Support S qua dron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-3

V-1 Atla ntic Fleet and E uropean EOD Organiza tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2

V-2 Pa cific Fleet E OD Organ izat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-3

VI-1 Air Force Pea cetime EOD Organiza tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-3

VI-2 Air Force War time EOD Organiza tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-4

C-1 Notional J EODTF S ta ff Organizat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

TABLES

D-1 Sa mple UXO Spot Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2

D-2 Sa mple EOD Incident Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3

D-3 Sa m p le P R E TE C H R E P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4

D-4 Sa m p le C O MTE C H R E P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EODMultiservice Procedures for

Explosive Ordnance Disposal in a Joint Environment

This ma nu a l

describes service-specific E OD orga niza tions, capabilities, equipment,

d oct rine, a n d t ra ining.

provides joint E OD comma nd a nd cont rol (C 2) considera tions.

provides guidance for plan ning a nd conducting E OD operat ions in a joint

environment.

esta blishes procedures for informa tion man a gement (IM), a nd

operational and intelligence reporting.

Introduction

This publication documents th e C 2 considera tions a nd procedures for

conducting E OD operat ions in a joint environment. These TTP a re necessary

to coordinate and integrate multiservice EOD operations to facilitate efficient

a nd sa fe joint E OD opera tions. The E OD force performed in a joint ca pacity

during many recent operations; however, most of the command relationships

a n d coord ina t ion r eq u irement s w ere a d h oc . E a ch service routinely d eploys

EOD forces into a theater, and assigns the force based on service needs rather

than the theater needs as a whole. This MTTP provides many considerations

for employing EOD forces in a joint capa city a nd provides C2 options for th e

geogra phic combat a nt comma nder a nd comma nder, joint ta sk force (CJ TF) to

consider. This MTTP a lso highlights th e EOD capabilities a nd force structures

for each service.

Concept and Organization

Cha p t ers I a nd I I highlight t h e significa nt joint C 2 issu es w hen p repa ring

to employ EOD forces. The focus of the ser vice cha pters (Ch a pters I II -VI) is for

t he b enefit of non-EO D comma nd ers a nd st a ff a nd E O D comma nd ers a nd st a ff

from oth er services to gain a n un dersta nding of th e personnel/equipment a nd

doctrine utilized within the other services. Finally, in an effort to expedite C 2

requirements for the senior theater EOD commander, the MTTP offersst a nd a rd ized EO D report ing forma t s w hich ea ch service ha s a gr eed t o u se

w hen opera ting in a joint environment. C ountering un exploded explosive

ord na nce (U XO ) a nd t he t h rea t i t crea t es d u ring a ll op era t ions is cha llenging.

This MTTP provides the necessary command structure to assist (rather than

impair) efficient E OD operat ions. This cha llenge becomes ea sier a s t he level of

knowledge regar ding other services E OD forces a nd t heir contr ibutions to the

mission increase.

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Command and Control

By capturing methods used to coordinate joint EOD operations, this

publicat ion offers th ree comman d rela tionship options in h ow t o best employ

the entire EOD force: Service-component responsibility (with direct liaison authorized

[DIRLAUTH]).

Lead-service component (with or without tactical control [TACON] or

operational control [OPCON] of other service EOD forces).

Subordinate Joint EOD Task Force (JEODTF).

O t her C 2 consid era t ions w hen u t il izing t hese t a sk orga n iza t ion opt ions

include:

a . The geogra p hic comb a t a n t comma nd er or CJ TF ca n mod ify or mix

t hese op t ions t o t he t hea t er mission, t hrea t , a nd sit u a t ion.

b. The MTTP esta blishes meth ods for creatin g a joint EOD opera tionscent er (J EO D O C) t o a ssist a n d st rea mline t he ma na gement of EO D

operat ions a t a single comma nd, norma lly under t he direction of the J -4.

c. The J EO D O C is usefu l wh enever joint EO D ma na gement

requirement s a re beyond t he capa bility of the J -4 an d/or the subordina te E OD

force hea d q u a rt ers. Bot h t he Army a nd Na vy ha ve exist ing C 2 E O D u n i t s

around which a J EODOC or J EODTF headquarters can be built . Specifically,

th e Army s ba tt a lion (O-5 comma nd) an d gr oup (O-6 comma nd) headq ua rters,

or the Navys Mobile Unit (O-5 command) and group (O-6 command), provide

a r ea d y EO D hea d q u a rt ers u nit t o q u ick ly ma na ge or comma nd joint EO D

operations.

Chapters

Chapter I Int r od u ces t he D epa rt ment of Defense (DO D) EO D mission,capabilities, and common characteristics of the EOD force. The chapter also

provides a historical perspective of EOD operations and the impact the threat

ha s ha d on US op era t ions.

Chapter II Describes th e purpose for conducting E OD opera tions a s ajoint force an d provides t hree distin ct employment options for t he C J TF t o

consider w hen employing EOD forces. This cha pter a lso provides guidan ce for

st a nd ing u p a J EO DO C or a J EO D TF.

Chapter III P rovid es t he rea d er a n u nd erst a nd ing of Army E O Doperat ions to include the Army E OD m ission, service doctrine, Army

orga niza t ions a nd ca p a b ili t ies, a nd sp ecific Army EO D t ra ining.

Chapter IV - P rovid es t h e rea d er a n u nd erst a nd ing of Ma rine Corp s EO Doperat ions to include the U SMC E OD mission, service doctrine, Mar ine Corps

orga niza t ions a nd ca p a b ili t ies, a nd sp ecific EO D t ra ining opp ort u nit ies.

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Chapter V Discu sses t he Na vy EO D mission a nd na va l E O D d oct rine.The chapter also focuses on Navy EOD operations to include Navy EOD

orga niza t ions a nd ca p a b ili t ies a nd sp ecific Na vy E O D t ra ining opp ort u nit ies.

Chapter VI Presents AF EOD operations to include AF EOD mission,service doctr ine, an d specific AF E OD t ra ining.

Appendices

Appendix A Offers a multiservice capabilities matrix for commandersa n d p la n ners t o u nd erst a nd w ha t ca p a b ili t ies ea ch service ca n a n d ca n not

provide.

Appendix B - P rovides a CJ TF st aff or E OD st a ff officer w ith a logicalchecklist of necessa ry EO D p la n ning req u irement s d u ring ea ch st a ge of a n

operation.

Appendix C Describes t he procedures for sta nding up a J E ODTF, andthe responsibilities of each services EOD force. Also identifies EOD-specificJ E ODTF st a ff requirements a nd provides a n exam ple of a notiona l J EOD TF

s t a f f .

Appendix D Formu la t es a nd d escrib es t h e req u ired E O D rep ort s, a ndst a nd a r d izes rep ort ing req u irement s w hen opera t ing in a joint environment .

Appendix E C a p t u res t he recu rring E O D op era t ions ea ch serviceroutinely conducts.

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PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS

The follow ing comma nds a nd a gencies par ticipa ted in t he development of

this publication:

Joint

DO D EO D Technology a nd Tra ining Secret a ria t , Ind ia n H ea d , MD

J oint Wa rfigh tin g C ent er, Fort Monroe, VA

J oint St a ff, J 34, C ombat ing Terrorism, Wa shingt on, D C

Comma nd a nt , Na va l School EO D, Eglin AFB, FL

Army

HQ, DA, ATTN: DALO-AMA-EOD, Washington, DC

H Q, TRADOC , D eputy Ch ief of St a ff, D octr ine (ATTN: ATDO-A),

Fort Monroe, VAU S Army P a cific, ATTN: E ODC T, Fort Sh a fter, HI

TRADOC Munitions System Manager, Redstone Arsenal, AL

HQ, 52d Ordnance Group (EOD), Fort Gillem, GA

HQ, 79t h O rd na n ce B a t t a lion (EO D), Fort S a m Hou st on, TX

HQ, 184t h O rd na n ce B a t t a lion (EO D), Fort G illem, G A

U S Army Techn ica l Deta chment, NAVEODTEC HD IV, India n H ead, MD

Army E OD Tra ining R epresenta tive, Fort L ee, VA

Army E ngineer S chool, Fort Leona rd Wood, MO

Marine Corps

Marine Corps Combat Development Command, J oint Doctrine Branch (C427)

a nd G round B ra nch (C422), Qua nt ico, VA

Ma r ine Corp s Ba se, EO D, Q u a nt ico, VA

HQ , U SMC Logist ics, P la nn ing a n d O p era t ions, Wa sh ingt on, DC

2d Marine Air Wing, Cherry Point, NC

Sevent h En gineer Su p p ort B a t t a lion, Ca m p Pend let on, CA

Eight h E ngineer Su p p ort B a t t a lion, Ca mp Lejeu ne, NC

Navy

NWDC , ALSA Lia ison Officer (LNO), Norfolk Na val B a se, Norfolk, VA

Comma n d er, EO D G rou p O NE, Sa n D iego, CA

Commander, EOD Group TWO, Norfolk, VA

Air Force

HQ , U SAF CE , Wa sh ingt on, DC

Air Force Doctrin e Center, Deta chment 1, La ngley AFB , VA

Air Comba t C omma nd, CE /E OD D ivision, La ngley AFB, VA

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Air F orce CE Support Agency, Tynda ll AFB, FL

Air Force Special Opera tions Comma nd, C E/E OD D ivision, H urlburt Field, FL

Air Force Mat eriel Comman d, CE /E OD D ivision, Wright -P a tt erson AFB , OH

H Q, AF S pace Comman d, CE /E OD D ivision, P eterson AFB , COH Q, Air Mobility C omma nd, CE /E OD D ivision, Scott AFB , MO

Air E ducat ion Tra ining C omma nd, C E/EOD Division, Ra ndolph AFB , TX

HQ , U SAF E u rope, Ra mst ein AFB , CE /EO D Division, G erma ny

H Q, P a cific Air Force, CE /EOD Division, Hickam AFB , HI

75t h CE G rou p, Hill AFB , UT

56t h CE Sq u a d ron, Lu k e AFB , AZ

U SAF EO D Lia ison O fficer, Cent ra l Comma n d , Ta m p a , FL

Det a chment 63, Aircra ft a nd Arma ment Cent er, Ind ia n Hea d , MD

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Chapter I

EOD WITHIN THEDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

1. Mission

The mission of DOD EOD is to support national security strategy and force

protection by neutralizing hazards from foreign and domestic, conventional,

nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) UXO, and improvised explosive devices

(IE Ds) t ha t p resent a t hrea t t o opera t ions, inst a lla t ions, personnel, or

ma t eriel .

2. ThreatThe increasing potential of UXO resulting from the proliferation of arms,

a m mu nit ion, a nd exp losives t hrou ghou t t he w orld , a n d a n increa sing nu m b er

of t errorist a t t a cks t h rea t en t he mob ilit y a nd su rviva b ili t y of t he ent ire force.

Area denial-type munitions containing antidisturbance, influence, self-

destruct, r emote contr ol, booby-tra p, or cont a ct fuzing a lso directly t hrea ten

U S forces. The increa sing a va ila b ili t y of NBC ma t eria l , comp onent s, a nd

weapons raises the possibility of terrorists using these weapons, or

convent iona l IE Ds, in a n a t t a ck a ga inst civil ia n p op u la t ions or milit a ry

facilities and units. Wherever US forces deploy, these threats exist.

3. CapabilitiesMilit a ry E O D p ersonnel a nd eq u ip ment p rovid e a va riet y of ca p a b ili t ies t o

comma nders. J oint regula tions a nd D OD directives prescribe specific

responsibilities for each service. Common EOD training, equipment, and

technical manuals provide each service with the capability to detect, identify,

field evalua te, render sa fe, recover, and ma ke final disposition of conventional

or NBC U XO a nd IE Ds, b ot h foreign a n d d omest ic. Du e t o sp ecific t ra ining

a n d sa fet y mea su res, eq u ip ment ca p a b ili t ies, a nd secu rit y issu es, only

EOD-qualified personnel can provide EOD support to US military operations.

See Appendix A, Multiservice EOD Capabilities Matrix, and individual

service cha pters (cha pters II I-VI) for a deta iled list ing of specific service EOD

capabilities.

4. Common Characteristics

a . Hist ory. The d evelop ment of t he US milit a ry EO D force wa s a n

outgrowt h of the bitt er experience of th e B ritish a t t he beginning of World Wa r

(WW) II, when the Germans dropped thousands of bombs and mines

cont a ining la rge exp losive cha rges on la n d a n d in t he w a t ers a rou nd G rea t

B rit a in. The U S st a rt ed a n E O D service short ly b efore ent ering WWII b y

send ing represent a t ives from ea ch of t h e milit a ry b ra nches t o Engla nd for

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I-2

b omb d isp osa l t ra ining. Those rep resent a t ives ret u rned t o t he U S a n d

established separate Army and Navy bomb disposal schools. By 1960, DOD

combined the Army and Navy schools under Navy cognizance to become the

Na va l EO D School. In 1971, DO D d esigna t ed t he S ecret a r y of t he Na vy a s t h e

single ma na ger for E O D t echnology a nd t ra ining.

b . Mu lt iservice EO D School. The Na va l School EO D (NAVSCO LEO D )

locat ed at E glin AFB , FL, is a Na vy comma nd, sta ffed by Army, Navy, AF, an d

Ma rine Corps instr uctors. The E OD course of instr uction is a pproxima tely six

months in length for Army, AF, and Marine Corps personnel and twelve

months long for Navy personnel. Navy personnel receive additional

inst ru ct ion in d iving p roced u res a n d u n d erwa t er ord na nce op era t ions.

NAVSCOL EOD tra ins officer a nd enlist ed personnel from all services in

mun itions ident ifica tion, r ender-sa fe procedures, explosives s a fety, a nd

E OD-unique equipment. The schools m ission is t o provide E OD-tr a ined

individuals t o the opera ting forces of a ll US services an d to provide tra ining t o

va riou s fed era l a gencies a nd int erna t iona l st u d ent s.

c. EO D Resea r ch a n d Development . The Na vy is a ssigned a s t he single

ma na ger for a ll DO D EO D r esea rch a nd d evelop ment , t ra ining a nd

evalua tion, a nd common-type t ra ining. The Na va l E OD Technology Division

(NAVEODTEC HD IV), India n H ead, MD, is a N a vy comma nd w ith colocat ed

deta chments of a ll services, wh ich is responsible for resea rch a nd development

of specialized E OD t ools, equipment, t echn iques, a nd procedures common t o

two or more services. This research and development assists EOD units in

ma inta ining a modern capa bility t o detect/locat e, render sa fe, or dispose of

U XO a nd a ssocia t ed ha za rd s. All services ca n su b mit r eq u irement s t o t he

NAVEODTE CH DI V for equipment development a nd can provide input to th e

prioritization and selection of projects for development. The services alsoprovide fina l a pproval a nd a cceptan ce of developed items.

d . EO D Technica l Ma nu a ls. All services u se t he sa me EO D t echnica l

ma nu a ls a s t he b a sis for E O D t ra ining a n d t echnica l p roced u res. The

NAVEODTE CH DI V develops a nd publishes these techn ica l man ua ls an d

receives joint service input a nd a pproval prior t o publicat ion. The

NAVEODTE CH DI V limits a ccess to EOD publica tions to E OD-qua lified

personnel w ho ar e performing E OD dut ies. The NAVEODTE CH DI V regularly

excha nges informa t ion w it h b ot h U S na t iona l a gencies a nd a ll ied ord na nce

exp ert s t o st a y a b rea st of t he la t est UXO t rend s a nd t hrea t s.

e . C o m m on E q u i p m en t . Al l m i li t a r y E O D t e a m s p os s es s t h e s a m e b a s ic

EOD tools to detect, identify, evaluate, render safe, and perform final

disposition of explosive devices a nd a ssociat ed ha za rds. These tools include

porta ble x-ra y equipment , robots, specia lized demolition cha rges, a nd

specialized t ools for removing fuzes. E a ch service has specialized E OD

equipment to perform service-unique E OD missions.

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5. Interoperability

The existing multiservice training and technical manuals, common

equipment, and jointly supported research and development program make

EOD one of the most interoperable specialties in the US military.Multiservice E OD forces ha ve worked side by side in numerous operat ions

during recent contin gencies a nd conflicts. These joint E OD opera tions

d emonst ra t e t he p ot ent ia l for grea t er p la nning a n d op era t iona l eff iciency in

t he fu t u re.

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Chapter II

EOD IN AJOINT ENVIRONMENT

1. Operations

a . B a c k gr ou n d . U X O a n d o t h er h a z a r d o u s d ev ic es in a t h e a t e r of

operations will likely threaten military forces and operations. US personnel

ha ve been killed or injured by U XO in virtua lly every conflict or cont ingency

in w hich t he US ha s p a rt icipa t ed . The U XO t hrea t is more serious t o

noncomb a t a nt s, w ho a re u n fa milia r w it h milit a ry ord na n ce. While service

comp onent s u su a lly d eploy w it h, a nd a re su p port ed b y, i t s own EO D a sset s,

t he nu mb er of t hese a sset s is very l imit ed a nd in high d ema n d . In ma nysit u a t ions, t he geogra p hic comba t a n t comma nd er, t hrou gh his d irect ive

a uth ority for logistics, ca n a chieve economy of effort by organ izing his E OD

forces using common servicing. C ommon servicing m ay a llow th e joint force

comma nder (J FC ) to provide more efficient a nd effective EOD support to t he

joint force depending on t he operat iona l scena rio. The joint EOD force could

a lso include integra tion of coalition E OD forces in a joint/coa lition EOD ta sk

force (TF).

b . Hist orica l Exa mp les. Du ring recent US cont ingencies, EO D a sset s

from different services combined th eir effort s t o ma ximize th e efficiency of

E OD operat ions. While effective, most w ere a ccomplished in an a d h oc

manner, often improvised on site between the local EOD commanders.

(1) Desert St orm. Du ring t he ma jor UXO clea nu p effort in Ku wa it

immediately after Desert Storm, EOD forces from each of the services were

orga nized int o a d e factosubordinat e E OD J TF under Ta sk F orce Fr eedom.

The J TF dea lt w ith t he lar ge numbers of UXO rema ining in K uw a it C ity. This

orga niza t iona l t echniq u e a llowed t he t a sk force a nd su b ord ina t e E O D

comma nd ers t o focu s a ll a va ila b le EO D a sset s on t he ma jor U XO clea n -u p

effort in an organized and efficient manner, thus reducing the need for

individual services to bring more EOD assets into the country.

(2) Soma lia . In Soma lia , EO D forces from t he Army, AF, a nd

Marines operated together to remove UXO by sharing response sectors inMogadishu . Na vy EOD personnel supplement ed Army E OD soldiers in

destroying captured munitions at an improvised demolition range.

(3) B osnia. In support of cont inued peacekeeping effort s in Bosnia ,

U S E OD forces were int egra ted to provide EOD services for the eliminat ion of

U XO a nd to su pport conventiona l/special operat ions a nd coa lition forces.

c. P la nn ing. A common servicing a p p roa ch for EO D su pp ort is oft en t he

most efficient mea ns t o a d d ress t h e UXO t h rea t , esp ecia lly w hen a l imit ed

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II-2

nu mb er of EO D forces a re a va ila b le. Fa ct ors a ffect ing t he st ru ct u re of a joint

EOD force include intelligence and terrorist threats, parent unit mission

(for example: flight operat ions, deminin g, or support to S pecial Operat ions

Forces [SOF ]). Appendix B , E OD P lan ning C hecklist for J oint Opera tions,

provides general EOD planning guidance to support contingency operations.

2. Employment Options

a . B a ck grou nd . The ma gnit u d e of t he UXO t hrea t in t he joint op era t ions

a rea (J OA), coupled w ith th e overa ll operat iona l situa tion, norma lly

determines t he va lue added a nd degree of common servicing desired for

EOD support.

b . J FC O p t ions. This cha p t er provid es t hree op t ions for st ru ct u ring a

joint EOD force to accomplish the theater mission. Each option and

organ izat iona l examples depict th e use of service forces to a ccomplish t he

EO D mission. I f t he geogra p hic comb a t a nt comma nd er u ses a fu nct iona l

comma nd st ructure for the th eat er, the J FC logistics directora te of a joint st a ff

(J -4) would still have overall responsibility, with service forces performing the

EO D mission. B a sed on t h e sit u a t ion, t h e CJ TF ca n mod ify or mix a ny of t he

following options:

(1) Service-component responsibility (w ith DIR LAUTH).

(2) Lea d-service component (with or w ithout TACON or OPC ON) of

other service EOD forces.

(3 ) S u b or d i n a t e J E O D TF.

3. Service Component Responsibility with DIRLAUTH

a . U tiliza tion. The service-component responsibility employment option

is used wh en each service component provides for a nd controls its own E OD

forces an d requirement s. It is also th e most common meth od of employing

E OD forces, alth ough th is option often w ill not provide th e most efficient or

responsive use of EOD assets.

b . B enefit s. This opt ion works b est when

(1) th e service component geographical area s of responsibility w ithin

th e J OA are clear.

(2) t he opera t iona l sit u a t ion a llows d ep loy ment of ea ch of t he service

components EOD forces.

(3) t he J FC d oes not req u ire d irect cont rol of EO D m issions.

c. DIRL AUTH O pt ion. Comma n d ers ma y benefit b y sp ecify ing

DI RLAUTH betw een th e service components EOD unit s. P revious EOD

operations have routinely operated in this manner; however, DIRLAUTH

often was not expressly written in the operation plan (OPLAN) or operation

order (OP ORD). Formalizing D IRL AU TH often provides a more efficient a nd

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GeographicCombatant

Commander

JEODOC JTF

(1)

Joint SpecialOperationsTF(JSOTF)

(2)

Army Forces

(ARFOR)

Navy Forces

(NAVFOR)

Marine Forces

(MARFOR)

Air ForceForces

(AFFOR)

EOD Force EOD Force EOD Force EOD Force

Note (1): Any service lead.

Note (2): If used, receives direct support (DS)EOD personnel from service components asdirected by OPLAN/OPORD.

Combatant Command(COCOM)

TACON or OPCON

Assigned/Attached

DIRLAUTH

LEGEND

responsive method for coordinating EOD operations among the service

components. See F igure II -1, Service-Component Responsibility (w ith

DIRL AUTH ) O rga niza t ion.

d . Em p loy ment Consid era t ions. This emp loy ment op t ion

(1) a llows ea ch service t o ret a in cont rol of i t s EO D a sset s for

operat ions in its a rea of responsibility (AOR).

(2) does not alw a ys allow the most efficient or responsive use of E OD

a s s e t s .

(3) w ill likely increa se response time to a ma jor accident or incident

w hen support is req uired t o cross service-component lines.

(4) increa ses int elligence a nd op era t iona l informa t ion sha ring

between the service components when DIRLAUTH is authorized.

(5) m a y b e n ef it t h e J F C a n d s t a f f b y es t a b l i sh i n g a J E O D O C t oa ssist in ma na ging t he EO D m ission. P a r a gra p h 6 of t his cha p t er provid es t he

conditions for establishing a J EODOC and its functions.

Figure II-1. Service-Component Responsibility (with DIRLAUTH) Organization

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II-4

4. Lead-Service Component(with or without TACON or OPCON) Option

a . Ut il iza t ion. The comb a t a nt comma nd er ma y use t he lea d -service

component option t o support a limited dura tion mission or to provide moreefficient EOD support, especially in a short n otice, aust ere environment

mission (for exa mple: B osnia a nd K osovo). In t his option, t he comba ta nt

commander, through his directive authority for logistics, assigns specific

E OD-relat ed missions to a specific service component w ith or w ith out

TACON /OP CON of oth er services EOD forces.

b . Forma t ion. To est a b lish a lea d -service comp onent , t he comb a t a n t

comma nder, in consulta tion w ith h is subordinat e J FC a nd service-component

comma nders, a ssigns specific common E OD t a sks t o a lea d-service component .

Norma lly, the lead -service component for EOD functions w ithin a J FC is th e

service component w ith t he ma jority of EOD requirement s in thea ter. Another

considera tion for appoint ing a lead service is to appoint the component most

capa ble of conducting t he EOD mission. The comba ta nt comma nder ma y place

selected EOD a sset s from one or more of the other service components TACON

or OPCON to the lead-service component EOD commander to assist in

accomplishing the assigned tasks. Other services providing forces to the lead

service may provide, or be directed to provide, staff augmentation to the

lead-service EOD comma nder s st a ff. These services should, a s a minimum ,

p rovid e LNO s. Ha ving ot her service EO D st a ff a u gment a t ion or LNO s wit hin

th e lea d-service E OD st a ff section expedites plann ing, coordina tion, an d

mission execution. This option mus t include a support relat ionsh ip for

a dminist ra tive/logistics support. F igure I I-2, Lead-Service (w ith or w ithout

TACON /OP CON ) Orga niza tion, depicts a t ypical lea d-service comma nd

relationship.

c. Emp loy ment Consid era t ions. This opt ion

(1) a llow s more efficient use of limited E OD a ssets for J TF-specific

missions of limited duration or high priority. This option is not used to provide

E OD support for specific service-relat ed missions (to include aircra ft support,

harbor clearances, and carrier battle-group support). Each service retains

select EOD forces to accomplish service-specific missions.

(2) cent ra lizes a ll rou t ine EO D opera t ion t a sk ings a n d d a t a t ra cking

w ith a single point of conta ct (P OC), norma lly th e lead-service component

E OD u nit operat ions officer.

(3) imp roves t echnica l int elligence a cq u isit ion a nd d issemina t ion t oall EOD forces.

(4 ) m a y b e n ef it t h e J F C a n d s t a f f b y es t a b l i sh i n g a J E O D O C t o

a ssist in ma na ging t h e EO D mission. The cond it ions for est a b lishing a

J EO D O C a nd it s fu nct ions a re d iscu ssed in p a ra gra p h 6 of t his cha p t er.

(5) p rovid es a mecha nism t ha t p la ns for f lu ct u a t ions of service EO D

force responsibilities as the operation transitions through different phases.

Allow s service EOD s upport to increase or decrease ba sed on operat iona l

t emp o or t he t h ea t er E O D mission.

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II-5

MARFOR(2)

JEODOC(3)

JTF JSOTF

(4)

ARFOR(2)

NAVFOR(2)

AFFOR(2)

Army EOD

(5)

Navy EOD

(5)

Air Force EOD

(5)

Marine EOD

(5)

*Combatant commander directs attachment/assignment of a lead

EOD commander under a service component.

Note (1): Any service can have the Joint EOD force responsibility.

Note (2): Parent service retains administrative control over EOD forcesthat are TACON or OPCON to another service component.

Note (3): See chapter II, paragraph 6.

Note (4): If used, receives DS EOD personnel from service-componentEOD units as directed in the OPLAN/OPORD.

Note (5): Select forces from other service components placed TACON orOPCON to the lead service. Each service retains a portion of theirEOD force to conduct service-specific EOD missions.

TACON or OPCON

LEGEND

*Lead EODCommander

(1)

5. Subordinate JEODTF

a . U tilizat ion. A J E ODTF is a subordina te J TF tha t cont rols (via TACON/

OP CON for a tt a ched units) tw o or more service-component E OD

organ izat ions a nd is jointly st a ffed. Ta sk orga nizing E OD forces under a

J E ODTF a llow s th e CJ TF t o focus limited E OD a ssets w here they a re needed

most and provides an opportunity to optimize EOD mission capabilities. It

also serves a similar function as a J EODOC, but includes command authority,

a s op posed t o st a ff ma na gement , over a ssigned a nd a t t a ched EO D forces.

b . Forma t ion. The CJ TF shou ld ba se t he d ecision t o est a b lish a J EO D TF

on specific mission needs, while also considering ongoing service component

EO D req u irement s. B a sed on J FC gu id a nce a nd ot her consid era t ions, su ch a s

an OPLAN and existing agreements, each service component provides assets

to fulfill common EOD support requirement s w ithin the J OA. How ever, even

w hen common E OD support is provided for by a lead s ervice or J EOD TF,

service-unique EOD requirements remain the responsibility of the individual

Figure II-2. Lead-Service (with or without TACON/OPCON) Organization

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II-6

service components. The comba ta nt a nd subordina te J FCs sh ould consider the

common s upport reqirement s n eeded t o allow s ervice-components t he a bility

to execute their service-specific requirements. See Figure II-3, J EODTF

Organization. The J EODTF headquarters normally is built around an existing

service-component EOD command, with augmentation from other serviceE OD st a ff personnel. When using a J E ODTF, th e CJ TF mu st ensu re th a t

a d eq u a t e a d minist ra t ive, logist ica l , a nd med ica l su p port is a va ila b le t o t he

J E ODTF. The C J TF employs a J E ODTF for a limit ed tim e for a specific

mission t o clea r ha za rd s t ha t t hrea t en t hea t erw id e op era t ions. See Ap pend ix

C for more deta ils on esta blishing a J EOD TF.

c. Emp loy ment Considera t ions. The J EO D TF op t ion

(1) d elega t es t he a u t h orit y t o orga nize forces t o a ccomp lish t he EO D

mission, based on th e CJ TFs concept of the opera tion. B y design a nd to a void

duplica tion of effort, a J E ODOC is not esta blished if the J E ODTF option is

used.

(2) p rovid es t he EO D force wit h u nit y of effort , cent ra lized p la nning,

and decentralized execution.

(3) consolidat es the ca pabilities of ea ch services EOD force in a joint

effort t o solve t hea t erw id e UXO ha za rd s.

(4) facilita tes the combat a nt comma nder/CJ TF control over EOD

forces and missions.

Figure II-3. JEODTF Organization

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II-7

(5) expedites technical intelligence/da ta a cquisition a nd

d issemina t ion t o end -users.

(6) p rovid es a comma nd st ru ct u re for t he int egra t ion a nd cont rol of

coa lition E OD forces.

(7) ma y b e most a p propria t e for a ma jor t hea t er wa r (MTW),

mu nit ions st ora ge or t ra nsp ort a t ion d isa st ers, la rge op era t ions, or

post-hostilities UXO clean-up operations.

6. JEODOC

a . Forma t ion. The J FC a nd J -4 st a ff d et ermine t he need for t he J EO DO C .

The J EO D O C is u sefu l whenever joint E O D m a n a gement req u irement s a re

beyond th e capa bility of t he J TFs J -4 sta ff or subordina te E OD force

headquarters. The scope of the assigned mission and allocated force structure

determines th e staffing level a nd overa ll support req uirements. The J EOD OC

is a fu lly int egra t ed a nd mob ile fa cili t y, ma nned a nd eq u ip ped b y t h eindivid ua l service component s un der t he a uspices of the J TF J -4. To a void

duplica tion of effort, a J EOD OC is not esta blished wh en a J E ODTF is formed.

Bot h t he Army a nd Na vy ha ve exist ing C 2 EO D u nit s a rou nd which a

J E ODOC is built . S pecifica lly, using th e Armys ba tt a lion (O-5 comma nd) an d

group (O-6 comma nd) head qua rt ers, or t he Na vys Mobile Un it (O-5

comma nd) and gr oup (O-6 comma nd), provide a rea dy E OD h eadq ua rters un it

t o q u ickly est a b lish a J EO D O C.

b . Fu nct ions. The J EO D O C is a mu lt ifu nct iona l op era t iona l cent er u nd er

th e a uspices of the J TF J -4. Its prima ry purpose is t o ma na ge th eat er-level

U XO ha za rd -red u ct ion opera t ions a n d EO D p la n ning, int egra t ing,

coord ina t ing, a nd t a sk ing fu nct ions ( t hrough t he d irect ion a n d a u t horit y ofth e comma nder) when there is n o subordina te J EOD TF formed t o accomplish

th is ta sk. The J EODOC provides the J TF oversight over a ll EOD operat ions in

t hea t er, t ra cks crit ica l EO D a sset s, monit ors a n d recommend s cha n ges in

priorities, a nd resolves issues between service components. The J EOD OC

ta sking a uth ority ena bles the J TF t o cha nge service-component E OD force

responsibilities as the operation transitions through different phases. This

a llow s service EOD support to increase or decreas e based upon operat iona l

tempo or the theater EOD mission. The major functions resident in the

J EO D O C a re

(1) Opera tions/In telligen ce (Ops/In tel) Section. The ops/int el section

ensures current theater-EOD operations are synchronized with CJ TF intent.I t monit ors, sy nchronizes, a nd report s EO D op era t ions t o ensu re ma ximu m

efficiency th roughout t he J OA. The section a lso monitors a nd interprets th e

enemy and friendly situation for the commander and informs forces of

significant chan ges in opera tions, objectives, and priorities.

(2) Administ ra tive/Logist ics (Admin/Log) Section. The a dmin /log

section identifies immediate or potential problems in the support or material

syst em. The section determ ines logistics su pport resource requirements,

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II-8

coord ina t es a irl if t req u est s, a nd sp ecia l t ra nsp ort a t ion req u irement s, a nd

provides feedback (on requ est) for mission-essentia l repa ir a nd support items.

(3) Commun ications-E lectronics (C-E ) Section. This section provides

informa t ion sy st ems p la nning, coord ina t ion, a nd su p p ort t o t he J EO DO C a nda ll joint , coa lit ion, a n d ext erna l orga niza t ions, a s req u ired .

7. Information Management and Reporting

a . Informa t ion Ma na gement (IM). IM refers t o t he p rocesses a J TF J -4,

J EO D O C, a nd J EO DTF u se t o ob t a in, ma nip u la t e, d irect , a nd cont rol vit a l

E OD-relat ed informa tion. IM for E OD operat ions includes a ll processes

involved in the creation, collection and control, dissemination, storage and

retrieval, protection, and destruction of critical EOD information. The goal of

IM for EOD operations is to provide a t imely flow of quality information,

ena b ling t he comma nd er of a n y E O D force t o a nt icip a t e a nd u nd erst a nd t h e

conseq uen ces of cha ng ing condit ions. S ee FM 3-99.4 (FM 101-4)/MC RP 6-23A/

NWP 3-13.1.16/AFTTP (I) 3-2.22, M ult iser vice Pr ocedu r es for J oin t T ask

For ceI nf orm at ion M ana gem ent.

b . Report ing Req u irement s. See Ap pend ix D, St a nd a rd ized EO D Rep ort s.

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III-1

Chapter III

ARMY EOD OPERATIONS

1. Interservice Responsibilities

Army Regulat ion (AR) 75-14; C hief of Na val Opera tions I nst ruction

(OPNAVINST) 8027.1G; Marine Corps Order (MCO) 8027.1D; and Air Force

J oint Instruction (AFJ I) 32-3002, I nterser vice Responsibi l i t i es for Expl osive

Or dn ance Di sposal; and AR 75-15, Responsibilities and Procedures for

Expl osi ve Ord nan ce Di sposal, define the Armys responsibilities as th e

following:

a . To p rovid e su p port t o Army inst a lla t ions/a ct ivit ies a n d t o rend er sa fe/dispose of explosive ordnance in the physical possession of the Army.

b . To est a b lish, op era t e, a nd su p port a n exp losive ord na nce

reconna issa nce p rogra m .

c. To p rovid e rou t ine a n d emergency response t o a ll la nd -ma ss a rea s

under U S control, except th ose specifica lly as signed a s a responsibility of the

Na vy, Ma rine C orps, or Air Force.

2. Mission

The Army EOD mission is to support national security strategy by

p rovid ing t he ca p a b ili t y t o neu t ra lize ha za rd s from convent iona l U XO, NB C

a n d a ssocia t ed ma t eria ls, a nd I ED (b ot h exp losive a n d NB C), t ha t p resent a

th rea t to operat ions, inst a llat ions, personn el, a nd/or mat erial. Army E OD

forces a lso ma y d ispose of ha za rd ou s foreign or U S a mmu nit ion, UXO ,

individual m ines, booby-tra pped mines, an d chemica l mines. Routine clear ing

and rapid breaching of foreign or US minefields is the responsibility of the

Army engineers. E OD provides the Army w ith a ra pidly deployable support

p a ck a ge for t h e elimina t ion of ha za r d s from U XO in a ny op era t iona l

environment. The EOD force serves as a combat multiplier by neutralizing

UXO that is restricting freedom of movement and denying access to supplies,

fa cili t ies, a nd ot her crit ica l a sset s. Army E O D forces eq u ip, t ra in, a n d

organize to support tactical land forces across the spectrum of operations, to

include peacekeeping, m ilita ry operat ions other t ha n w a r (MOOTW),a n d MTW.

3. Doctrine

a . Ru les of Alloca t ion. The Army ha s su fficient E O D force st ru ct u re t o

support tw o simult a neous MTWs in separ a te th eat ers of operat ions. The

Army a llocates ea ch thea ter one EOD g roup a t Army/th eat er level; th ree EOD

ba tt a lions a t th eat er support comma nd/corps/division level; a nd 28 EOD

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III-2

Ordnance Group(EOD)*

*To support two simultaneous MTWs, the Army has two ordnance groups (EOD):52d Ordnance Group (EOD), Fort Gillem111th Ordnance Group (EOD), Alabama National Guard

Ordnance Battalion(EOD)



Ordnance Company(EOD) X 8



companies at specified locations that best support the maneuver commander.

See Figure III-1, US Army EOD Theater Force Structure.

b. C 2. The EOD group provides C 2 for a ll Army E O D a sset s a nd

opera t ions in t h ea t er. The EO D b a t t a lions p rovid e C2

, mission t a sk ing,t echnica l int elligence a cq u isit ion a nd m a n a gement , a nd l imit ed

administrative and logistic support for up to 10 EOD companies. EOD

battalions, or battalions (-), may deploy as the senior C 2 element for Army

EO D op era t ions in a given opera t ion. O rd na n ce compa n ies rema in u nd er t he

comma nd of t heir p a r ent b a t t a lion, b u t d epend ing on t he op era t iona l

situa tion, ma y be pla ced TACON/OP CON t o another un it. When utilizing t he

TACON /OP C ON C 2 op t ion, t he p a rent b a t t a lion ret a ins a d minist ra t ive

cont rol (ADC ON) of t heir subordina te companies. E OD compa nies provide

genera l support (G S) on a n a rea basis or direct support (DS) to specified

element s in support of operat ions. The comba ta nt comma nder s plann ing sta ff

ta ilors E OD forces to support specified operat ions dow n t o a briga de combat

tea m. Responsibilities of the E OD comma nder at a ll levels include

(1) recommend ing p olicy a nd d ist rib u t ion of EO D a sset s.

(2) monit oring EO D su pp ort missions a nd est a b lishing workloa d

priorities.

(3) serving a s P O C for t echnica l int elligence coord ina t ion.

(4 ) coor d i n a t i n g G S a n d D S E O D s u pp or t .

Figure III-1. US Army Theater EOD Force Structure

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III-3

(5) ensu ring ea ch EO D u nit est a b lishes p rovisions for

communications at each level to support EOD operations.

(6) supplement ing oth er thea ter force-protection procedures to meet

t he exist ing t hrea t .

(7) coord ina t ing a d minist ra t ive a n d logist ica l su p port , a s req u ired ,

from the supported command.

c. O p era t iona l P la nning. The EO D grou p a n d EO D b a t t a lion p rovid e st a ff

plann ing for Army E OD opera tions th roughout th eir ar ea of operat ions (AO).

Thus, the EOD group commander is also the EOD special staff officer to the

Army force comma nder, joint force la nd component comma nder (J FL CC ), a nd

coa lit ion J FLCC . The E O D b a t t a lion comma nd er serves a s t h e EO D sp ecia l

sta ff officer a t th e corps J TF a nd coa lition J TF level. In the a bsence of a

deployed EOD group or EOD battalion, the senior-ranking Army EOD officer

also serves as the EOD staff officer for the Army element. The EOD

commander is responsible for providing the EOD annex to all OPLANs/

O P O RDs. This ensu res t ha t E O D forces fu lly u nd erst a n d a nd su p port t he

ma neuver comma nder s opera tions a nd also provides for force protection

throughout the AO.

d . Thea t er-Level St ra t egic P la nn ing. The Army service comp onent

comma nd er (ASCC ) a n d his st a ff p la n for Army a nd a ssigned EO D

t hea t er-st ra t egic EO D req u irement s in su p p ort of t he geogra p hic comba t a n t

commanders campaign plan. The ASCC accomplishes the planning by using

t he J oint O p era t ion P la nn ing a nd E xecu t ion Sy st em (J O PE S) a nd coord ina t es

the planning effort with the combatant commanders EOD staff officer. The

EO D b a t t a lion a nd grou p comma nd er ma y p rovid e LNOs t o t h e geogra p hic

comb a t a nt comma nd er or J FC st a ff i f req u ired . The EO D b a t t a lion

comma nder m a y a lso provide an LNO t o a briga de, division, or corps J TF

hea d q u a rt ers i f d eemed necessa r y b y opera t iona l req u irement s. The LNO

ensures

(1) mu t u a l coop era t ion a n d u nd erst a nd ing b et ween comma nd ers a n d

st a ffs of d ifferent h ea d q u a rt ers.

(2) coord ina t ion on t a ct ica l ma t t ers t o a chieve mu t u a l pu rp ose,

su p port , a n d a ct ion.

(3) precise underst a nding of sta ted or implied coordinat ion mea sures

to achieve synchronized results.e. Comb ined Op era t ions. Combined opera t ions involve t he milit a ry forces

of two or more na tions a cting t ogeth er in common purpose. The E OD

ba tt a lion/group comma nder considers milita ry doctrine an d tra ining,

eq u ipment , cu lt u ra l d if ferences, a nd la ngu a ge b a rr iers w hen p rovid ing

TACON or OP CON of allian ce or coalition E OD forces. Lessons learn ed

ind ica t e t ha t few lingu ist s h a ve b ot h t h e t echnica l expert ise a nd d ep t h of

u nd erst a nd ing t o cross b ot h la n gu a ge a nd d oct rina l b ou nd a ries a nd b e fu lly

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III-4

HQDepartment of the Army

Deputy Chief of StaffLogistics

OrdnanceCompany(EOD) X 2

52dOrdnance

Group(EOD)

CONUSSupport

CompanyX 2

SupportGroups

191stOrdnanceBattalion

US ArmyEurope

US ArmyForces Command

Eighth US ArmyRepublic of

Korea

US ArmyPacific Command

EODControl Team

EODControl Team

OrdnanceCompany

(EOD)


AlabamaState Adjutant

GeneralState

AdjutantGeneral

(4 States)

OrdnanceCompany

(EOD)

OrdnanceCompany

(EOD)

111thOrdnance

Group(EOD)

441stOrdnanceBattalion

(EOD)

National GuardBureau

79thOrdnanceBattalion

(EOD)

OrdnanceCompany

(EOD) X 10

184th

OrdnanceBattalion(EOD)

OrdnanceCompany

(EOD) X 10

63dOrdnanceBattalion

(EOD)


3dOrdnanceBattalion

(EOD)


u nd erst ood when d ea ling wit h U XO a nd t echnica l EO D p roced u res.

Combined operations require a significant resource commitment to dedicated

liaison and linguist teams from alliance or coalition EOD forces.

4. OrganizationsThe Army a ssigns E O D orga niza t iona l a sset s t o sp ecified ma jor comma nd

(MAJ COM) area s. See Figur e II I-2, US Army E OD F orce Allocat ion. The

Figure III-2. US Army EOD Force Allocation

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III-5

Army numbers all EOD units for support to specified OPLANs. Major EOD

comma nd s a nd t heir loca t ions a re:

a . U S Army Forces Comma nd : 52d Ord na nce G rou p (EO D ), fou r EO D

b a t t a lions, a nd 39 EO D compa nies.

b . U S Ar m y E u r op e: E O D ce ll , 19 1s t O r d n a n ce B a t t a l i on , a n d t w o E O D

companies.

c. U S A r m y, P a c i fi c C om m a n d : E O D con t r o l t e a m a n d t w o E O D

companies.

d . Eight h US Army, Repu b lic of Korea : EO D cont rol t ea m a nd one EO D

company.

e . U S A r m y N a t i o n a l G u a r d : on e E O D or d n a n c e g r ou p, on e E O D

b a t t a lion, a nd f ive EO D comp a nies.

5. Capabilities

a . The EO D Comp a ny Mission. Ea ch EO D comp a ny is a u t horized 23

soldiers, comprising 20 E OD-qua lified t echnician s, including th e comma nder

and first sergeant, and three support soldiers (personnel clerk, mechanic, and

supply sergeant ). The E OD companies provide G S t o the corps on a n a rea

basis and can perform DS missions for a specific maneuver unit, normally a

division or briga de TF. Due t o the limited support personnel, the E OD

company depends on the supported unit for administrative and logistical

support.

b . The EO D Compa n y Force Ca p a b ili t ies. The a ct ivit y of EO D int ensifies

b a sed u p on t he opera t iona l t empo of t he b a t t le a nd st a b ilizes a s t h e t hea t ermatures. The EOD force within a theater of operations can expect to conduct

operations in a myriad of situations and locations. An EOD company can field

u p t o seven EO D t ea m s, consist ing of a m inimu m of one EO D t ea m lea d er a nd

one EOD team member. Each team can operate for a period up to 72 hours

and may conduct 8-10 EOD incidents in a 24-hour period. This is dependent

on t he mission, enemy, t erra in a nd w ea t her, t roop s a n d su p port a va ila b le,

tim e a va ila ble (ME TT-T). The Army a dds a C a t th e end of ME TT-T for

civilian considerations. Manpower intensive EOD operations (multiple UXO,

NBC operations, and ammunition supply point accidents) require several

EO D t ea ms a t one t ime t o comp let e t h e mission. EO D comma nd ers ca n t a sk

orga nize t heir t ea ms a s necessa ry t o comp let e t he mission.

c. O p era t iona l Ca p a b ili t ies. O rga n ic t o ea ch EO D comp a ny a r e p ersonnel

and equipment to identify, mitigate, neutralize, remove, and dispose of

convent iona l or NB C exp losive ha za rd s. These ha za rd s ma y a rise from

domestic or foreign ordnance or IED that degrades the commanders mobility

or t ha t t hrea t en p ersonnel, op era t ions, or inst a lla t ions. Ma ny of t he

capa bilities a re non -service specific. To avoid repetit ion in t he service

chapters, Appendix E provides those capabilities that are recurring,

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III-6

non-service specific EOD requirement s. K ey Army-specific EOD opera tiona l

capabilities are

(1) Force P rotection. Army EOD provides th e bomb disposal

component of th e Army s force protection progra m. In ad dition to a ctua lresponse t o explosive devices, Army EOD forces can a lso provide tra ining in

U XO/explosives recognit ion an d report ing, bomb thr ea t sea rch procedures a nd

eva cu a t ion, sit e vu lnera b ili t y a ssessment s, a nd u nit st a nd a rd opera t ing

p roced u res (SO P ) prepa ra t ion a n d va lida t ion. This t ra ining increa ses t h e

effectiveness of t he ma neuver comman ders force protection progra m.

(2) Very Importa nt Person Protective Support Activity (VIP P SA).

Army EO D is t he execu t ive a gent for coord ina t ion a nd t a sk ing of a ll milit a r y

EO D su p port for t h e US Dep a rt m ent of St a t e (DO S) a nd U S S ecret Service

(USSS) for the protection of the president, vice president, and designated

foreign hea d s of st a t e.

(3) Amnest y Pr ogra ms. Army EO D u nit s a ssist in t he collect ion a nd

d isposa l of ha za r d ou s mu nit ions a n d comp onent s a s p a rt of t he ma n eu ver

comma nder s force protection program , to ensure t he cont inued sa fety of

military personnel.

(4) St u ck Rou nd s. Ea ch EO D t ea m p erforms sp ecia lized p roced u res

to remove artillery or mortar rounds that become stuck in firing tubes.

(5) Mortua ry Services. Im mediat e recovery a nd cleara nce of decea sed

persons is a priority of the services. The presence of UXO being found on or

imbedded in deceased persons a dversely impacts th e recovery of coa lition or

U S personnel. Therefore, Army plann ers norma lly involve E OD-qua lified

leaders in planning and conducting recovery and processing of deceasedpersonnel.

d . Cont inent a l US (CO NU S) Su p p ort Compa ny. The Army a ssigns t w o

CONU S support compa nies to the EOD g roup. The CONU S support compan y

assumes responsibility for the CONUS Army EOD mission upon deployment

of a n EO D b a t t a lion a n d a ll , or some, of i t s su b ord ina t e E O D comp a nies. The

CONUS support company commander provides C 2 of an opera tions section

and disperses a response force or teams at up to six different geographical

locat ions. The CONU S support compa ny can a ssume ma ny of th e C 2 functions

of the deployed ba tt a lion, t o include

(1) coord ina t ion of EO D su p port t o t he USS S.

(2) EO D su pp ort t o milit a ry inst a lla t ion comma nd ers.

(3) EO D su p port t o ot her civil ia n a gencies.

The group can also t as k th e compa nies to provide specialized support to th e

National Command Authority (NCA) for response to counterterrorism

a ctivities an d response to wea pons of ma ss destr uction (WMD).

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III-7

6. Training

a . Req u ired Ind ivid u a l EO D Tra ining. All Army EO D sp ecia list s a t t end

th e Army -specific ma teria l/equipment t ra ining (Ph a se II) at Redstone

Arsena l, AL. Army E OD personnel a lso receive continuous t echn ica lsu st a inment t ra ining a nd eva lu a t ions a t t heir u nit s of a ssignment .

b . Sp ecia lized Tra ining O pp ort u nit ies. Select EO D sold iers ma y a lso

a tt end specia lized tr a ining such as t echnical escort specia list , adva nced a ccess

a n d d isa b lement , a d va nced EO D , a nd a va riet y of nu clea r a n d chemica l

operat ions courses. A limited number of specially selected E OD soldiers a lso

a t t end Fed era l B u rea u of Invest iga t ion civilia n E O D t ra ining or foreign EO D

cou rses, su ch a s t h e B rit ish Army En gineer I ED Disp osa l a nd Ad va nced

Ma n u a l Techniq u es Cou rse, t he Ca na d ia n Milit a ry F orces IE D Disp osa l

Cou rse, a nd t he French Milit a ry Demining School.

c. Comb a t Tra ining Cent ers. EO D comp a nies a n d compa ny element s

provide support to ma neuver forces (bat ta lions, briga des, an d division TFhea d q u a rt ers) und ergoing t r a ining a t t he J oint Rea d iness Tra ining Cent er,

Na t iona l Tra ining Cent er, a nd t he C omb a t Ma n eu ver Tra ining Cent er.

Specifically, countering UXO hazards with EOD teams prevent needless

deaths, injuries, and destruction of the commanders combat power. During

recept ion, st a ging, onw a r d movement , a nd int egra t ion, su p port ing E O D

t ea ms p rovid e UXO d a nger a wa reness a nd risk ma na gement , fra t ricid e

prevention, an d other sa fety inst ruction to J TF personnel.

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IV-1

Chapter IV

MARINE CORPS EOD OPERATIONS


MC O 8027.1D ; AR 75-14; OP NAVIN S T 8027.1G; a nd AFJ I 32-3002,

I nt er ser vice Responsi bil i t ies for Expl osive Or dn ance D isposal, st a t e s t h a t t h e

U SMC EO D forces p rovid e EO D services on U SMC inst a lla t ions, in a ssigned

operat ional a rea s, or for explosive ordna nce in th e physical possession of th e

Ma r ine Corps.

2. Mission

The U SMC E OD m ission is t o provide force protection in su pport of the

Ma rine a ir-ground ta sk force (MAGTF). This is a ccomplished by neutr a lizing

ha za rd s from foreign, d omest ic, convent iona l, a nd NB C U XO a nd IE Ds t ha t

p resent a t hr ea t t o opera t ions, inst a lla t ions, personnel, or m a t eria l .

Additionally, Marine C orps EOD units provide technical int elligence on

ord na nce t hrou gh d isa ssemb ly a nd rend ering mu nit ions inert .

3. Doctrine

a . O p era t iona l Concept . Ma rine EO D forces cond u ct op era t ions t o

enha nce survivability/mobility, preserve wa rfight ing capa bilities, a nd t o

ena b le Ma rine exped it iona ry a nd joint forces t o a chieve a n d ma int a in

b a t t lespa ce d omina nce t hrou gh t he red u ct ion or elimina t ion of UXO t h rea t s.

b. C 2. The E OD officer/tea m lea der dir ects a nd coordin a tes t he execut ion

of EO D t a sk s in su p port of t he comma nd ers int ent . The EO D t ea m s w it hin

Marine expeditionary forces (MEFs) and subordinate MAGTFs must

coordina te w ith each oth er t o ensure complete support of a ll units . The senior

EO D officer ha s st a ff responsib ili t y for a ll EO D-rela t ed ma t t ers d u ring a

contingency or conflict.

c. O pe r a t i on a l P l a n n i n g . F o r p la n n i n g , E O D f a l l s u n d er t h e P a c i fi c/

Atla nt ic/ME F Ma rine C orps component logistics st aff officer (Marin e C orps

briga de or higher st a ff) (G -4). The senior E OD M ar ine for a future m ission

cond u ct s a ll op era t iona l p la nning. D u e t o t he inh erent d a n ger of UXO ,comma nders sh ould include the E OD officer/tea m lea der in a ll phas es of

plann ing. This Ma rine is responsible for providing the E OD a nnex for

OP LANs/OP ORDs to ensure full EOD support in a ll phases of the opera tion.

4. Organizations

a . Ma r ine EO D Forces. Ma r ine EO D forces w it hin t he MEF s consist of a n

EOD platoon within the engineer support battalion (ESB) of the force service

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IV-2

Headquarters and

Support Company,Engineer SupportBattalion

ConstructionPlatoon

EODPlatoon

CommunicationPlatoon

MedicalPlatoon

Field MessSection

S-1Section

SupplyPlatoon

ChaplainSection

S-2/S-3Section

Senior EnlistedAdvisor

S-4Section

su p port grou p cont a ined w it hin t h e d ivision a nd E O D forces wit h in t h e

Marine wing support squadron (MWSS) of the Marine wing support group.

(1) The EO D Pla t oon of t he ES B . The ESB E O D pla t oon is a p a rt of

t he hea d q u a rt ers a nd services (H&S) comp a ny of t he ES B . The E SB S-3 t a sk sa nd controls th e E OD pla toon. S ee Figure IV-1, which depicts t he H &S

comp a ny of t he E SB . O rga niza t ion a nd eq u ip ment for t he E O D p la t oon

provides eight fully capa ble team s for opera tions in support of the MEF. See

Figure IV-2, USMC EOD Platoon, Engineer Support Battalion, for a depiction

of t he eight t ea ms. These eight t ea ms ca n reorga nize int o sma ller t ea ms a nd

respond to separ a te in cident s, depending upon t he complexity of th e U XO/IE D

incident. A six-man EOD team will support a Marine expeditionary unit

(special opera tions capable) (ME U [SOC ]). The M E U (SOC ) is th e m ost

Figure IV-1. USMC H&S Company, Engineer Support Battalion

Figure IV-2. USMC EOD Platoon, Engineer Support Battalion

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IV-3

Marine WingSupport Squadron

S-1Section

S-4Section

MP/Flight LineSecurity

Department

S-2Section

S-3Section

EquipmentMaintenanceDepartment

Internal AirfieldCommunications

AirfieldOperations

Division

EODSection

Motor TransportOperations

Division

Engineer/Operations

Division

commonly d eployed version of a MAG TF. The Ma rine C orps assign s t he E OD

tea m t o the ME U service support group (MSS G ) operat ions officer. Dur ing

ME U opera tions, the E OD t eam m a y be OPC ON/TACON t o a high er

hea d q u a rt ers t o fa cil it a t e t h e most eff icient u se of a sca rce a sset .

(2) E OD Section of th e MWSS . The EOD section of th e MWSS

consists of one officer and six enlisted personnel and primarily supports the

a ir comba t element. The MWSS E OD section is capa ble of providing full E OD

su p port t o a n exp ed it iona ry a irf ield (EAF). E a ch t ea m ma y reorga nize int o

sma ller t ea m s a nd resp ond t o sep a ra t e incid ent s. For exa mp le, t he E O D t ea m

ma y opera t e a t a forw a rd opera t ing b a se, EAF, forw a r d a r ming a nd refu eling

point, or may respond to a separate UXO incident. See Figure IV-3, USMC

EO D Sect ion, Ma rine Wing S u p port Sq u a d ron.

b . Ma r ine B a se/Air St a t ion EO D Forces.

(1) M a r i n e C or p s B a s e s . Th e ba s e E O D t e a m s a r e u n de r OP C O N of

t he Assist a n t C hief of St a ff , O p era t ions a nd Tra ining, d ep a rt m ent of t heMa rine Corps ba se. The E OD t eam usua lly consists of one officer a nd six

enlist ed a nd p rovid es fu ll E O D su p p ort for a ll op era t iona l a nd t ra ining

evolutions that the base conducts.

(2) Ma r ine Corp s Air St a t ions (MCAS). The Ma rine Corps a ssigns

t his E O D t ea m a s a sp ecia l st a ff sect ion t o t he a ir st a t ion comma nd ing officer.

This section usua lly consist s of one officer a nd four enlist ed personnel a nd

p rovid es a ll su pp ort in t h e cond u ct of op era t ions a nd t ra ining a b oa rd t he

MCAS.

Figure IV-3. USMC EOD Section, Marine Wing Support Squadron

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IV-4

5. Capabilities

a . M a r i n e E O D Te a m C a p a b i l it i es . I n a d d it i on t o t h e r ecu r r i n g

operations provided in Appendix E, all Marine EOD teams have the following

capabilities(1) Ta ctical Recovery of Aircra ft or P ersonn el (TRAP ). The EOD

technicians assist in extracting personnel from aircraft and the recovery,

rendering safe, or destruction of any remaining explosive and classified

components a s required. Mar ine EOD t echnician s tha t support/part icipat e in

a TRAP op era t ion a re u nd er O P CO N of t he sea rch t ea m lea d er.

(2) B a se Recovery Aft er At t a ck. EO D p rovid es ra p id UXO clea r a nce

a ft er a n a t t a ck t o fa cil it a t e ra p id reop ening of a n a irf ield for comba t

opera t ions. A UXO ha za rd ca n d isru pt a nd /or p a ra ly ze a ir op era t ions a nd d o

so for long periods of time. These disr uptions /int erru ptions t o opera tions a re

particularly applicable to targets requiring rapid reopening priority.

Rega rd less of t he mu nit ions emp loy ed a ga inst a n a irb a se, b a se recovery, a nd ,

in particular, airfield recovery must take place in the shortest t ime possible.

Multiple factors effect wh en an d how th e rendering safe an d cleara nce of U XO

occurs durin g a recovery m ission. These fa ctors include, but a re not limited

t o

(a) sensitivity of the fuzing.

(b) condition of the m unition.

(c) locat ion of the mun ition.

(d) priority of clearance assigned to the location.

(3) Noncomb a t a n t Eva cu a t ion O pera t ion (NEO ). The EO D t ea m

neu t ra lizes a ny explosive ha za r d s ca p a b le of end a ngering t he NE O p a rt y /

security forces or evacua ting personnel. These explosive ha za rds ca n in cludeconventional or improvised UXO. The EOD team can also destroy any

cont ra b a nd , w ea p ons, or explosives b rou ght int o t h e sit e. Du ring a n NE O , t he

site comma nder norma lly ha s TACON of the EOD t eam for optima l

u t il iza t ion.

(4) Hu ma nit a ria n Assist a nce (HA) O pera t ions. Ma r ine EO D u nit s

conducting an HA operation provide mobile training teams. These teams

destroy weapons, ordnance, and explosives, and report ordnance-related

information to the proper authority. The EOD units support MAGTF internal

security by responding to IEDs and by providing instruction to MAGTF units

concerning ord na nce id ent if ica t ion a n d I ED a w a reness. The opt ima l met hod

of employing a n E OD un it during a n H A is by TACON t o the operat ionsofficer.

(5) Force P rotection. The optima l method of employing E OD forces

during force protection opera tions is by providing D S to th e MAG TF.

Em p loy ment of t h e EO D force req u ires a p plica t ion of p la n ned a nd int egra t ed

security programs, including

(a) combating terrorism.

(b) physical security.

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IV-5

(c) operations security.

(d) persona l protective security supported by in telligence.

(e) counterintelligence

(f) other security progra ms.

The E OD force w ithin the M AG TF norma lly receives direction from t he force

protection officer of th e MAG TF. Att a chment of EOD t eam s t o subordina te

units should only occur when the supported unit is separated from the

MAGTF and response by individual tasking is not feasible.

(6) Technica l Support and Tra ining. EOD unit s provide technical

intelligence th rough exploita tion of ordna nce by identifica tion, disa ssembly,

and rendering munitions inert. Additionally, Marine EOD personnel teach

a w a reness, resp onse, report ing, a n d id ent if ica t ion of IED s a nd loca lly

ma nu fa ct u red ord na nce i t ems. EO D u nit s p erform cra t er a na ly sis a nd a ssist

in post-blast investigations. The MAGTF can attach EOD forces to raid units

to neutr a lize munit ions/miss iles.

(7) Dy na mic En t ry . Dy n a m ic ent ry involves t he u se of specia lized

t echnica l ent ry met h od s a ga inst a sp ecific t a rget . EO D p erforms t he d y na m ic

entr y mission in support of the ma ritim e specia l purpose force (MSP F) and

milita ry police (MP ) special r esponse t eam s. Methods include th e use of

mecha nica l t ools, t herma l t orches, shot gu ns, a nd exp losives. Dy na mic ent ry

methods ensure 100 percent penetration of the target using a minimum of

force, with the intent to limit collateral damage. These operations support

in-extremis hostage rescue and raids to destroy or rescue equipment/

personnel in support of the MSPF or MP special response teams.

(8) D i s a s t e r Ar e a s . I f a d i s a s t er s t r i ke s a n a r e a w h e r e m u n i t ion s a r e

manufactured, stored, or utilized, EOD support may allow relief forces toconduct operations and to safeguard citizens.

b . Ma r ine Corps MO OTW EO D C a p a b ili t ies. Du ring MO O TW a n d

sma ller scale cont ingencies, E OD forces recover, render sa fe, an d dispose/

neutr a lize a mmu nition/U XO, a nd clear IE Ds used by guerrilla or para milita ry

u nit s.

c. M E U (S O C ) E O D C a p a b il it i es . M E U (S O C ) E O D u n i t s pr ov id e

EOD-related capabilities in the following operations:

(1) Ma ritime Int ercept Opera tion (MIO). The purpose of a n MIO is to

b oa r d a n d sea rch shipp ing vessels t ha t ma y b e ha nd ling cont ra b a nd or a re

p ot ent ia lly host ile t o na t iona l int erest s. The U SMC oft en a t t a ches EO D t ea msto a unit conducting a visit , boa rd, sear ch, an d seize (VBS S) operat ion. The

EO D t ea ms sea r ch for a n d rend er sa fe or d est roy IE Ds a nd ot her ha za rd ou s

devices.

(2) G a s a nd O il P la t form (G O PL AT) O pera t ion. A G O P LAT is a n

opera t ion w hen t he NCA d ict a t es u se of oil a nd ga s p rod u ct ion p la t forms a s a

sta ging/listening/opera ting base, or th e U S deems it n ecessar y t o ca pture th e

p la t form. The Ma r ine Corps a ssigns a n EO D t ea m t o t he a ssa u lt force of a

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IV-6

GOPLAT to neutralize IEDs and to perform special demolition procedures to

destroy crit ica l loca tions (if necessa ry).

(3) In -Ext remous Hosta ge Rescue (IH R). The Marin e Corps conducts

th is mission to protect American a nd foreign lives tha t ha ve been held hosta ge

or p risoner w hen a p oint of d ea t h sit u a t ion a r ises. The Ma rine Corp s a ssigns

EOD technicians to the maritime special purpose force during deployment.

The a ssa u lt u nit E O D t echnicia ns m u st q u a lify on a ssa u lt sk ills t o op era t e a s

p a rt of t he t ea m d u ring a ll pha ses of t he opera t ion. Du ring t h e IHR, t he EO D

technicians clear explosive devices and are members of the dynamic entry

t ea ms. The E O D t echnicia ns a ssist t h e p erson or p ersons t a sk ed w it h

breaching (establishing an entry point) to facilitate surprise and speed of

entry.

6. Training

a . Tea m Q u a lifica t ion Req u irement s. All EO D t echnicia ns a re gra d u a t es

of ba sic EOD s chool and possess some or all of the skills listed in para gra ph bb elow, t hrou gh MEU t ra ining rot a t ion a n d follow -on t ra ining a t t heir u nit .

b. ME U -Specific Courses. The follow ing courses a re MEU -specific

training opportunities:

(1) Specialized demolitions.

(2) Dy na mic ent ry a nd close-q u a rt ers b a t t le cou rses.

(3) Tra ining in t he u rb a n environment .

(4) Sp ecia l opera t ions exercises (t a u ght b y t h e Sp ecia l O p era t ions

Tra ining G roup from t he 1st, 2d an d 3d MEF ).

Ma r ines a lso a t t end B a sic Airb orne School, Fort B enning, G A; t he Comb a tDivers School, Pa na ma , FL; a nd t he Sma ll Boa t Tra ining La nd ing Force

Tra ining Cent er w it hin t he P a cif ic a n d At la nt ic Fleet s.

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V-1

Chapter V

NAVY EOD OPERATIONS


OP NAVI NS T 8027.1G /AR 75-14/MC O 8027.1D /AFJ I 32-3002, I nt er ser vice

Responsibi l i t i es for Expl osive Or dn ance Di sposal, d efines t he Na vy E O D

mission. U S Na vy (U SN) EO D p rovid es services on n a va l inst a lla t ions; wit hin

ocea ns a nd cont igu ou s wa t ers, u p t o t he high wa t er ma rk of ha rb ors, r ivers

a n d coa st a l environment s; a nd emergency resp onse t o la nd ma ss not

specifica lly a ssigned a s a responsibility of th e Army, Mar ine Corps, or AF.

2. MissionThe USN EOD mission is to support national security strategy by providing

forces capable of conducting land and underwater detection, identification,

render sa fe, recovery, field evalua tion, a nd disposa l of explosive ordna nce.

3. Doctrine

The Na vy genera lly ca t egorizes E O D op era t ions int o t hree t y p es: ma rit ime

operations, contingency operations, and ordnance intelligence and acquisition.

a . Ma r it ime O pera t ions. The Na vy cond u ct s EO D op era t ions t o enha n ce

ship su rviva b ilit y, p reserve f leet w a rfight ing ca p a b ili t ies, a nd ena b le na va l,

expeditiona ry, an d joint forces to achieve a nd ma inta in ba tt lespace dominan cet hrou gh t he red u ct ion or elimina t ion of ha za rd ous U XO t hrea t s. The Na vy

assigns EOD forces to aircraft carrier battlegroups (CVBG), amphibious ready

groups (ARG ) and mine-count ermeas ures g roups, special contingency

opera t ions a t sea a nd a shore, a nd shore inst a lla t ions w here cont inu ing EO D

requirements exist. Operational commanders employ these forces as

necessa ry t o meet t hea ter objectives.

b. Contin gency Opera tions. E OD forces support contingency opera tions in

su p port of US forces a nd op era t ions in t he int erest of na t iona l secu rit y a nd

sa fety. Their flexibility a nd int eropera bility fa cilita te part nersh ip w ith S pecial

Wa rfa re and Ma rine Corps forces when th reat s involve convent iona l ordna nce

or WMD. From their dedicated fleet and shore assignments, EOD forces

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