adam smith and the wealth of nations
DESCRIPTION
A sub-primer on Ecological Economics: Adam Smith’s “Invisible Hand”, Market Failures, Ecosystem Services, and The Monetization of the Human Ecological Footprint. Don’t get me wrong about Adam Smith. I believe modern Neo-Classical Economists have mis-interpreted him . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A sub-primer on Ecological Economics:Adam Smith’s “Invisible Hand”, Market Failures, Ecosystem
Services, and The Monetization of the Human Ecological Footprint
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Don’t get me wrong about Adam Smith.I believe modern Neo-Classical Economists have
mis-interpreted him
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Adam Smith andThe Wealth of Nations
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Space as a Market Failure…
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Classic Market Failures
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Ecosystems and Market Failure
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The Earth from Space at Night:Explorations of the Human-Environment-Sustainability
Problematic using Nighttime Satellite imagery
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Outline
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Where in the Universe could you take this photograph from?
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Example of Cloud Screening over Italy
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Nighttime Satellite Imagery Geo-location, Time Series Analysis, Spectral information, and
Spatial Patterns allow for the differentiation of City Lights, Gas Flares, Squid Fishing, and Forest Fires
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Estimation of urban populations globally How Good are the ‘known’ numbers and who cares?
When did the world population reach 6 billion?
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Proof of Concept with U.S. Data
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Using these Methods across the Globe:
What was the total global population was in 1996?
6.3 Billion rather than 5.9 Billion
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Disaggregate or ‘Intra-Urban’ estimates of Population Density
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Does Light Intensity within an urban area correlate with Population Density?
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What’s Going on in 1 km2?(this lesson on ‘scale’ informs the Space Station Photography movie later)
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Graphical Representation of the Model
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What do the Errors look like?
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Do Low Light Levels Map ‘Exurban Areas’?
Metro Denver Area with inset of Highway 285 Commuter Shed South West of Denver
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Suburban and …
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Suburban and Exurban Homes
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Day & Night images of ‘Exurbia’
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Making Disaggregate (a.k.a. finer spatial resolution)
Maps of Economic Activity
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Scatterplot of Night Light Energy & PPP of GDP for 208 nations
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Global map of Economic Activity as measured by Nighttime Satellite Image Proxy
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Coastal Wetlands and Storm Protection: A spatially explicit estimate of ecosystem service value
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Ecosystem Services as ‘Public Goods’
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Valuation of Ecosystem Services:Putting a dollar value on a ‘non-market’ service
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‘Geography’ or ‘Why Space Matters?’:Spatially Explicit Valuation of Ecosystem Services
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The Data Story for Valuation of Storm Protection from Coastal Wetlands…
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The Damage Table (N = 34 Hurricanes)
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The Storm Tracks (N = ~100)
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Buffer Existing Storms to 100 km (50 km per
side) and Match to Damage Table (N=34)
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Fleshing out the Table: 1) Population in Swath
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Fleshing out the Table: 2) GDP in Swath
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Fleshing out the table: 3) Wetlands in Swath
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ln (TDi /GDPi)= a + b1 ln(gi) + b2 ln(wi) + ui
TDi = total damages from storm i (in constant 2004 $US);GDPi = Gross Domestic Product in the swath of storm i (in constant 2004 $US). The swath was considered to be 100 km wide by 100 km inland.gi = maximum wind speed of storm i (in m/sec)wi = area of herbaceous wetlands in the storm swath (in ha). ui = error
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The Aggregate Conclusion
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Mapping Impervious Surface Area with Nighttime Satellite Imagery
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We have paved over 110,000 square miles
(Ohio is about 116,000 square miles)
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Paving the Planet: Mapping and Monetizing Human Impact on the Earth
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Approach and Assumptions
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Global Estimates of ISA have been developed using simple OLS models
derived from DMSP nighttime imagery and LandScan Population Density
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These Models are applied Globally
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Impervious Surface Area is a reasonable proxy measure of Ecological Footprint
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Mapping the Dollar Value of Ecosystem Services
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Global Datasets of Net Primary Productivity have been developed and explored
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This is hopefully a provocative exercise exploring ideas of carrying capacity, I = P*A*T, Ecological Footprints,
Ecosystem Service Valuation, and Sustainable Development
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Spatially Explicit Representation of$ Value of NPP - $ Cost of Impervious Surface
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Aggregate National Map of Dollar Benefit of Ecosystem Services using NPP proxy
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Top 20 ‘Surplus’ Nations
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The Top 20 ‘Debtor’ Nations
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Discussion Questions?
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Summary
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Questions?Privatization of the water supply
Good Idea?