Adams1797-1801

Parties Develop• Hamilton and Jefferson had opposing

views of government

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• Federalists– Led by Hamilton– Supported a strong nat’l gov’t– NE businessmen/ merchants

• Democratic-Republicans– Led by Jefferson and Madison– Supported a limited role of gov’t– Southerners/ yeomen farmers

Adams is Elected

• 1796 election– Adams elected President– Jefferson elected Vice President

• They were from different political parties

• This problem is fixed by the 12th amendment

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XYZ Affair

• Neutrality strained relations with France and Britain

• US sends ambassadors to France to patch relations

• Bribes were demanded by the French

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XYZ Affair, cont’d• US was outraged as story emerged• Political parties oppose each other

– Fed: align with Britain– D/R: align with French

• Nearly leads to war– Convention of 1800 avoids war

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Alien & Sedition Acts

• Fed’s passed laws to limit criticism of gov’t by those sensitive to the French (D/R’s) and restrict citizenship rights

• Would have limited freedom of speech and allowed deportation of unpopular aliens

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Alien & Sedition Acts, cont’d

• Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions– Issued to declare the A&S Acts

unconstitutional– Written by Jefferson and Madison– Introduced the idea of nullification

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Adams FEDERALIST PARTY

Federalist programs were the National Bank and taxes to support the growth of industry. Federalists believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry, and loose interpretation of the Constitution.

Adams DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS:

The Democratic-Republicans opposed Federalist programs, favoring state banks and little industry. Democratic-Republicans believed in a weak central government, state and individual rights, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Adams XYZ AFFAIR1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress.

Adams ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS:

These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, the Alien Act, the Alien Enemy Act, and the Sedition Act. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican

opposition,

Adams KY & VA RESOLUTIONS:

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

Adams NULLIFICATION:

Expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it said that states could nullify federal laws.

Adams CONVENTION OF 1800:

A Meeting between US and France that settled Naval Hostilities.

1.01: Identify the major domestic issues and

conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist

Period.

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1.03: Assess commercial and diplomatic relationships

with Britain, France and Other Nations.

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The rural South and West tended to support which party?

A. Republicans

B. Federalists

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Do you agree that the United States should avoid engaging in war when at all possible?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

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Which of the following is not one of the laws included in the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A. Immigrants must wait 14 years before becoming a citizen.

B. The president can deport without trial any alien deemed dangerous.

C. Any French immigrant within the last 2 years must be deported immediately.

D. Citizens cannot say or write anything critical about the government and its employees.