Adapted from a presentation by Ms. Susan Pojer (Horace Greeley HS)

The Enclosure Movement

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

Early Canals

Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

Coalfields & Industrial Areas

British Pig Iron Production

1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

1880300 million tons

500, 000 miners

1914250 million tons

1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914

Young Coal Miners

Child Labor in the Mines

Child “hurriers”

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers

1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers

1850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

The Factory System

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory

System”

The “Water Frame”

The Power Loom

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Steam Tractor

Steam Ship

An Early Steam Locomotive

The Impact of the Railroad

“The Great Land Serpent”

Stereotype of the Factory Owner

19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau

Riche

Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

“Upstairs/Downstairs” Life

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages

under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.

11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.

17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.

22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.

27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.

32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.

37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.

42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.

47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.

52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.

57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

Industrial Staffordshire

The New Industrial City

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Worker Housing in Manchester

Factory Workers at Home

The Luddites

The Chartists

Thomas Malthus/David Ricardo

The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists

Government Response to

Industrial Revolution

(a few examples)

British Reform Bills

Labor Reform BillsIndustry & Age Cohort 1851 1861 1871 1881

MiningMales under 15 7,300 45,100 43,100 30,400Females under 15 1,400 500 900 500Males 15-20 50,100 65,300 74,900 87,300Females over 15 5,400 4,900 5,300 5,700

Total under 15 as % of work force 13% 12% 10% 6%

Textiles Males under 15 93,800 80,700 78,500 58,900Females under 15 147,700 115,700 119,800 82,600Males 15-20 92,600 92,600 90,500 93,200Females over 15 780,900 739,300 729,700 699,900

Total under 15 as % of work force 15% 19% 14% 11%

Industrialization By 1850

Railroads on the Continent

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Bibliographic Sources

) “Images of the Industrial Revolution.”Mt. Holyoke College. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ind_rev/images/images-ind-era.html

) “The Peel Web: A Web of English History.”http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/mbloy/c-eight/primary.htm