adapted technologies for a sustainable protection of water ... · water management demands...

1 KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

Institute for Water and River Basin Management (KIT) Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)

www.kit.edu

Adapted Technologies for a Sustainable Protection of Water and Land Resources in the Southern Mekong Delta

German Science Day 2017

20 years of Science & Technology Cooperation between Vietnam and Germany01 March 2017 German Science Day - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Prof. Dr. Franz Nestmann (KIT) Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Văn Hiệu (VAST)

Land use in 2015

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Water situation

East Sea

East Sea

Ea

st S

ea

West Sea

Red river delta

Mekong delta

Water resources

• Dense river networks

• Red river delta in the

North: high slope of river bed.

• Central: short rivers, high gradient

• Mekong delta in the South: low flat area, low gradient rivers

Storms

• Linda 1997, Durian 2006, Hayan 2013, Rammasun2014

Extreme floods

• Red river delta: 1971, 2008

• Central: 1999, 2007, 2012

• Mekong delta: 2000, 2011

Impact of sea, waves and tide

• Salinity intrusion 2005, 2016

• Dyke attacks

Drought

• El Nino 1997, 2005, 2010, 2016 (Source: Vietnam, Tan Phan, 2011)

01.03.2017 20th German Science Day, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

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Main constraints of development

Flood and inundation

Salt intrusion and drought

Erosion and deposition

Land subsidence

CC and sea level rise


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Flood and inundation


Extreme flood in 2000 – Mekong delta

EAST SEA

WEST SEA

Red: Flood in 2011Pink: Flood in 2000

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Development of controlled surface water distribution

(Source: Duong Vu & Franz Nestmann, 2016)

Maximum water flooded dates in Mekong delta


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• 1.2 -1.6 million ha are influenced by salt water (4 g/l).

• If fresh water for irrigation purposes would be decreased then more than 50% of the delta area would be seriously impacted.

U Minh Forest

Wetland


Salt intrusion and drought

Salinity intrusion into Mekong delta in 2016

Vam Co River estuary

Tien River estuaries

Hau River estuaries

West sea

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Nă 1885 đế 1992 xói lở phía đ g ũi Cà mau bình

quân 1,1 km2/ ătrong khi đ ồi phía tây ũi Cà mau bình quân ă1885-1985 ũ g tươ g đươ g 1,2 km2/ ă .

From 1885 - 1992: Erosion in western Cà mau was 1,1 km2/year

From 1885 - 1985: Deposition in eastern Cà mau was 1,2 km2/year.

Erosion and deposition



Land Subsidence (LS)

Land subsidence of 30 mm/a >> Climate change induced Sea level rise of 3 mm/a

Local Land Subsidence of 30 mm/a

In-Sar based subsidence rates measured

between 2006 and 2010(Source: Erban et al., 2014)

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(Sourc

e: M

ichale

bu

ckle

y, 2

016)

Water - Disaster

(Tsukawaki, 2005)


Discharge gauges decrease

Sediment settlement within the barrages

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Constraints

Rice production Shrimp farming

Land use conflictsfresh water vs salt water

Millio

ns o

f T

on

s

India Thailand Vietnam USA Pakistan


Top rice export champion (2012 -2014)


Requirements

Technology adaption to local boundary conditions

Interdisciplinary approach (water sector, research & industry)

Integrative strategies

IT‘S LATE ALREADY: Solutions are urgently needed !

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Interdisciplinary project

Involvement of Vietnamese partners

Example: coastal and embankment protection in connection with

alternative building materials


Project area

(Source: KIT, 2017)


Groundwater sampling in February 2017

On-site parameters:

• NH4+• Oxygen saturation

• Alkalinity

• Redox potential

• pH

• Temperature

• Electrical Conductivity (EC)

• Water level

• Well depth

• Coordinates

Sampling groundwater for

analyzing parameters in the

lab:

• Cations, Anions

• Trace elements

• Water isotopes

41 sampling locations

(Source: KIT, 2017)

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Examples from the current praxisConcrete blocks


Initial state After some months of operation

Current situation in February 2017, the concrete blocked were re-installed.

Sea sideShore side

(Source: W. Gonzales, KIT, 2017)

(Source: DARD Camau, 2017)

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Examples from the current praxis

Melaleuca fences


Simple protectionmeasure

Rehabilitation ofcoastal area successful

(Source: KIT, 2017)

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Local scouring around circular piers

Interaction flow - erosion

Analysis of Hydrodynamics: where do the problems lie?


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Challenges and needs for hydraulic concrete structures

Environmental loads and local materials

Material degradation and service life design models

Design of materials and structures

Monitoring of condition and performance

Optimization of maintenance and repair

Water management demands hydraulic concrete structures that are

highly durable (long operational life)

sustainable (e.g. low carbon footprint)

economical.

Solution: Service Life Engineering


Alternative building materials

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Components needed Reality is different

Given

Mekong Delta: only fine grained soil materials


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Sustainable technologies for infrastructure materials

Optimized for structural design needs: strength, durability (chloride, carbonation resistance, abrasion, etc.)

Utilization of alternative binders to reduce resource consumption (fly ash, polymer modifications)

Reuse and recycling (aggregates, crushed concrete, asphalt, …)

Optimized structural design, dynamic and seismic assessment (hazards)

building of protection measures with locally available materials


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Energy - Solution

Karst water management in Ha Giang

Potential tidal turbine in Mekong delta

East Sea

Ea

st S

ea

23

Providing Energy in Lowland River Systems

e.g. Stream Diver

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Ecosystem assessment and protection


The BIOFISH - towed underwater multi-sensor system for measuring water

quality parameters

Ensure existence of ecosystems despite coastal protection measures

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Planned Vietnamese – German cooperation


Pilot- and demonstration measuresCoastal and embankment erosion protection measures – Lab- and field scale

Smart monitoring technologies - Detailed land subsidence and vulnerability maps

GIS-based comprehensive updatable integrated land use and water management plan

Model facility with best practices in water supply and reuse and regenerative energy production

Water, energy and

construction

technologies

Embankment &

coastal erosion

Controlled surface

water allocation

Groundwater quality

and management

Regional land use

and water planning

Status of research, plan-

ning and implementation

Existing/future water and

land use, utilization claims

Measure demand for

sustainable water and

land use managment

Advisory boardVNM-, GER ministries, VNM local authorities

Ca

pa

city

de

ve

lop

me

nt

Ph

D P

rog

ram

-In

stit

uti

on

al t

ech

nic

al

tra

inin

g -

Invo

lve

me

nt

of

loca

l co

mm

un

itie

s a

nd

of

DA

AD

, G

WP

et

al.

,

Integrated regional land

use and water

management plan

Integrated solutions for

sustainable development in the Mekong Delta- Land, Water, Energy and Climate

Integrated research and development for practical implementation under consideration of ongoing protective activities

Water & environ-

mental services

Green economy

strategy

Socio-economic and

resource-efficient

Agri- & Aquaculture

Utility governance,

operation and

finance

Water demand

management

Water resources:

dynamics, functions,

limitations, CC impacts

Cro

ss-link

ing

VN

M, G

ER

an

d in

tern

atio

na

l R&

D a

ctivitie

s

OD

A a

ctivitie

s, Infra

structu

re in

vesto

rs an

d o

pe

rato

rs, ind

ustrie

s

Energy &

construction

measures

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Vietnamese partners and institutions

Ministries and administrative institutions Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST),

Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development (MARD),

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE),

Provincial People’s committee (PPC) of Ca Mau province,

Provincial People’s committee (PPC) of Kien Giang province,

Provincial People’s committee (PPC) of Can Tho city,

Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of Ca Mau,

Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) of Ca Mau,

Department of Agricultural and Rural Development (DARD) of Ca Mau,

Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of Kien Giang,

Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) of Kien Giang,

Department of Agricultural and Rural Development (DARD) of Kiên Giang,

Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of Can Tho city,

Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) of Can Tho,

Department of Agricultural and Rural Development (DARD) of Can Tho.


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Vietnamese partners and institutions

Research institutions

Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology (VAST)

Mekong Water Technology Innovation Institute (MWI)

Southern Institute of Water Resources Research (SIWRR)

Southern Institute of Water Resources Planning (SIWRP)

Thuyloi University (TLU)

Vietnam Institute of Geo-Mineral Resources (VIGMR)

EE+E Institute of Environmental Engineering and Ecology

NAWAPI National Center of Water Resources Planning and Investigation,

Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS)

Vietnam National University HochiminhCity (VNUHCM)


HCMC Institute of Resources Geography (HCMCIRG)

Can Tho University (CTU)

Can Tho City Institute for Socio-economic Development Studies (CISD),

Climate Change Coordination Office of CanTho City (CCCO),

Institute of Coastal and Offshore Engineering (ICOE),

Institute of Environmental Engineering (IEE),

Vietnamese German University (VGU),

HUMG Hanoi University of Mining and Geology,

Vietnam Association of Hydrogeology, Hanoi,

VD Office

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Mekong International Workshop

Second workshop : “Appropriate Technology Solutions for Water, Energy and Land Management in the Mekong Delta”, Cantho city, 14 June 2016



Workshop Venue: Muong Thanh Camau hotel, Camau city

Mekong International Workshop

Third workshop : “Technology Based Solutions for a Sustainable Development of Mekong delta”, Ca Mau city, 5 April 2017

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Thank you very much for your attention

Xin cả ơ !


adapted technologies for a sustainable protection of water ... · water management demands...

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