adaptive lighting...• multi-level lighting controls must be used for general lighting of any...
TRANSCRIPT
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RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Adaptive Lighting: Let There Be (More Efficient) Light
May 3, 2013 Kelly Cunningham Outreach Director California Lighting Technology Center University of California, Davis
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Founding Organizations
California Energy Commission
University of California, Davis
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
US Department of Energy
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Mission To accelerate the development and deployment of energy-efficient lighting and daylighting technologies in partnership with utilities, manufacturers, end users, builders, designers, researchers, academics, and governmental agencies.
MISSION-DRIVEN ACTIVITIES:
• Research & Development
• Demonstration & Outreach
• Education & Training
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CLTC Focus Areas • Indoor Lighting • Outdoor Lighting • Daylighting • Advanced Controls • Lamp Testing • Market Assessment • Lighting Education • Policy, Codes and Standards
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FOUNDING ORGANIZATIONS
LARGE END-USERS MANUFACTURERS
UTILITIES
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Select the appropriate: Source + Luminaire + Controls for the application
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Lighting & Energy Efficiency
Luminous Efficacy – One time, long duration change – Reduction of baseline
• Light Source Efficacy • Luminaire Efficacy • Application Efficacy
Lighting Controls – Continuous, real-time change – Fluctuations from base line
• Occupancy / Vacancy • Daylighting • Demand Response • Tuning • Personal Control
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Adaptive Lighting Systems…
automatically adjust their light output… – Total Luminous Flux – Spectral Power Distribution – Candle Power Distribution
based on sensor input from the space they serve…
– Occupancy / Vacancy – Daylight – DR Signals
to optimize space and building performance.
– Comfort – Energy Savings – Peak Demand Reduction
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Integrated Control Strategy
During occupancy focus on comfort – Adjust fenestration for daylight penetration
– Adjust electric lighting for daylight contribution
– Offer manual control options
– Adjust electric lighting for demand response signal
– Adjust HVAC
During vacancy focus on energy efficiency – Adjust fenestration for cooling/heating loads
– Turn electric lighting off or dim down
– Adjust electric lighting for demand response signal
– Adjust HVAC
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RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Indoor Lighting & Lighting Controls • New Title 24 Requirements for Indoor Lighting Controls • Corridors & Secondary Spaces • Integrated Office Lighting System (IOLS) • Dual-Loop Photosensor Control System for Daylight Harvesting
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Title 24 2013: Mandatory Changes for Indoor Lighting Controls
• Multi-level lighting controls must be used for general lighting of any enclosed area larger than 100 ft2 with a connected lighting load > 0.5 watts / ft2
• All indoor lighting must be equipped with controls that are capable of automatically shutting off all the lighting when the space is typically unoccupied
• Occupant sensing controls are required in aisle ways and open areas in corridors, stairwells, warehouses, and library book stack aisles (These controls must typically reduce lighting power by 50% when the space is unoccupied)
• In parking garages, parking areas, and loading and unloading areas, lighting must be controlled by occupant sensing controls that have at least one step between 20% and 50% of full lighting power
• Luminaires that provide general lighting in “daylit zones” must be controlled by automatic daylighting controls
• Lighting power in buildings > 10,000 ft2 must be capable of reacting to demand response signals so that the building’s total lighting power can be lowered at least 15% below its maximum total lighting power
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Adaptive Interior Lighting
• Fluorescent or LED sources • Stand alone, fixture-integrated
and networked solutions • Energy reduction
– Source & luminiare efficiency – Occupancy-based controls – Daylight-responsive controls – Demand response
• Occupant amenities • Start with:
corridors, stairwells, storage spaces and conference rooms
Credit: Finelite
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Adaptive Corridors
Typically illuminated continuously Intermittent occupancy Occupancy-based control
• 100% during occupancy • 50% or less during vacancy • 40-50% savings
Case studies to date • Commercial • Educational
Possible future work • Hospitality • Health care
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Case Study: Latham Square, Oakland, CA
• Commercial office building in downtown Oakland
• 14 stories and 130,000 ft2
• Case study install on 12 floors • Corridor occupancy rate: 8% • 175 luminaires replaced in corridors • 86% reduction in energy use
– 113,724 kWh annually – $23,803 in energy and
maintenance costs over the life of the fixtures
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Case Study: Latham Square, Oakland CA Fixtures: UA Retrofit Shielding Kit by A.L.P. Lighting Components
– 86 W 3-lamp T8 fluorescent fixtures replaced with 64W 2-lamp T8
Controls: Energi TriPak system by Lutron – Lutron EcoSystem H-Series ballasts, Radio Powr Savr
occupancy/vacancy sensors, wireless PowPak dimming modules, and wireless controls
Payback w/ Oakland Shines + PG&E rebate: 6 months Payback w/ PG&E rebate: 3 years 4 months
19
Technology System Size (Nominal W)
Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)
Annual Energy Cost
Annual Maintenance Cost
Total Annual Cost
Life-Cycle Energy Cost
Life-Cycle Maintenance Cost
Total Life Cycle Cost
Total Life-Cycle Cost for All Fixtures
Incumbent 86 752 $105 $5 $110 $503 $24 $528 $92,338
Lutron Controls 7 (low)
68 (high) 561 $78 $3 $375 $375 $16 $392 $68,535 Savings 191 $27 $2 $28 $128 $8 $136 $28,803
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Adaptive Stairwells
Typically illuminated continuously Low rate of occupancy Fluorescent or LED Integrated sensors or networked controls Occupancy-based control
• 100% during occupancy • 50% or less during vacancy
Case studies to date demonstrate energy savings up to 80%
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Adaptive Stairwells • Conventional components
– optics, lamping, ballast / driver • Adaptive components
– optics, fluorescent or LED lamps, dimming ballast / driver, sensor(s)
• Retrofitting and fixture replacement are both viable options
• Evaluate scenario-specific factors – number of fixtures – electrician rates – component pricing
• Perform a lifecycle cost analysis based on scenario-specific factors
• Compare multiple solutions
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Campus Stairwell Demonstrations
LaMar Voyager Bi-Level (VOB) Fixture
Average Energy Savings: 50%
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UC Davis: Adaptive Stairwells
• 999 LED units installed • Assumed 20% occupancy rate • 22W high / 5W low • PIR sensor times out after 5 min • 7,008 hours in standby mode • 1,752 hours in active mode
• Energy use reduction: 85%
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UC Davis: Adaptive Stairwells Incumbent technology:
1,021 incumbent = 496,600 kWh 999 replacement = 73,510 kWh $53,771 per year
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Integrated Office Lighting System (IOLS)
• Provide high-quality task lighting and reduce ambient lighting
• Reduces LPD • Increases occupant control • Troffers and pendant-mounted
luminaires • Fluorescent and LED sources,
even OLED!
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Multi-level Switching with Occupancy Sensors • Allows occupant to choose the level of
lighting in the room • Occupancy sensors save energy by
automatically turning lights off when the room is vacant
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Task (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 11:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 26:1!Meets targets!
1!
7!
48!30!
1!
3!
2!
12!130!
68!54!
1!
Adding the layers – #1 Task
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Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 33:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 1.3:1!Meets targets!
Vertical (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
25!
5!
2!2!
1!
12!
47!
130!
9!4!
1!
9!
Adding the layers – #2 Vertical
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Meets targets!
26!
12!
50!32!
2!
Task + Vertical (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!15!
49!
130!77!58!
2!
21!
Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 6:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 2.2:1!
Adding the layers – Just #1 and #2 at Work
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Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 5:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 0.5:1!Meets targets!
Luminance (cd/m2)!
9!
18!
20!18!
26!
225!
11!
29!130!
59!32!
14!
Ambient (fc)!
Adding the layers – #3 Ambient
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35!
30!
Task + Vertical + Ambient (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
70!50!
28!
240!
60!
130!136!90!
16!
50!
Meets targets! Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 2.6:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 1.5:1!
Adding the layers – #1, #2, and #3
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!
26!
12!
50!32!
2!
Task + Vertical (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
Finelite Office Illustrating DRM"
Ziggurat Building – West Sacramento, CA"
Demand Response Mode!• Office can fully function at
0.10 w/sf2"
• All occupants could work comfortably"
• All occupants think this approach for responding to a statewide power emergency worked well"
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Networked solutions
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Light Bites: Carl’s Jr. LED & Auto-DR Retrofits
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Carl’s Jr.: Five locations, all LED
• Advanced controls – Scheduling – Occupancy sensors – Photosensors – Auto-DR (Demand Response)
• LED lamps & luminaires – 2x2s and 1x4s – Downlights – Pendants: A-Lamps
• Final reports in development now
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RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
UC Davis Networked LED Outdoor Lighting: Streets, Pathways and Building Walls
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Title 24 2013: Mandatory Changes for Outdoor Lighting Controls • All incandescent luminaires > 100 watts must be controlled by a motion sensor • All outdoor lighting must be controlled by a photocontrol or astronomical time-
switch control that automatically turns the lights off when daylight is available • All outdoor lighting mounted at a height of 24 ft. or lower must have automatic
lighting controls such as motion sensor controls – These controls must reduce lighting power at least 40%
• Signs must be controlled with a photocontrol in addition to an automatic time-switch or astronomical time-switch control
– Outdoor sign lighting that is on both day and night must have a dimmer that can automatically reduce lighting by a minimum of 65% during nighttime hours.
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Adaptive Exterior Lighting
• Parking lots and garages, area lights, bollards, wall packs
• LED, fluorescent and induction • Fixture-integrated or networked controls* • Energy Savings:
– Source & luminiare efficiency – Daylight-responsive controls – Occupancy-sensitive controls – *Programmable scheduling and
setting adjustments
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Technology Package: RF Control Network)
Profiles & interfaces Power to fixture on/off Bi-level with OFF 0-10V (sink) dimming control with 0V turning fixture power Off Dimming control in 5% increments
Events & schedules Weekday & weekend schedules Special event schedule Schedule up to 9 control events/day Scheduled events based on time of day and/or astronomical time Schedule use of motion sensors and photocell Real-time commands and overrides
Power metering (Revenue Grade) Data logging Failure detection and reporting Occupancy sensor input Emergency call button input Over-the-air flashing (program updates)
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RF Control Network One gateway and one centralized antenna Gateway <--> Node ~5 miles LOS (line of sight) Node <--> Node ~2 miles LOS (if mounted to 25’ pole) Monitoring of occupancy and energy use, in zones
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Results: Wall Packs
• Tech specs: – 101 42W 0-10V dimming LED wall packs with wireless controllers
and PIR sensors – High mode: 42W, Low mode: 14.8W
• Energy savings: 89% • Average occupancy rate: 20%
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Results: Post top
• Tech specs: – 45W LED engines with 0-10V multi-level, wireless controllers and
PIR sensors in a collar on each unit – High mode: 45W – Low mode: 15W
• 86 installed • Average occupancy rate: 40% • Energy savings: 87%
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Results: Pathway
• Tech specs: – 0-10V dimmable LED luminaires with a wireless controller and an
occupancy sensor – High mode: 90W – Low mode: 40W
• 825 installed • Average occupancy rate: 43% • Energy savings: 84%
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Results: Pathway
Controls added an additional 46% energy use reduction As compared to static LED luminaires
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RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Thank you!
Kelly Cunningham Outreach Director California Lighting Technology Center University of California, Davis