MORPHINE

The Authors: Jan Rybojad and Aleksandra Flis

WHAT IS IT?It is a strong opioid drug used very commonly to relieve strong pain named after the god of dreams and sleep - Morpheus.

Ancient times

• Used in the ancient Greece and in the Roman Empire

18th

century

• Opium addiction in China

19th

century

• Opium wars

1805

• First isolation of the morphine by Friedrich Wilhelm Serturner

1914-18

• Soldiers’ addiction to morphine used as a pain reliever

20th

century

• Restrictions banning morphine abuse

HOW IS IT MADE?

Further instructions here: http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/opium.html

INDICATIONS Neoplasm pains Myocardial infarction Action against caugh caused

by neoplasm

EFFECTS Pain diminuation Anti-caugh effects Somnolence Constipations Respiratory depression

DOSAGEMorphine can be taken:

orally intravenously intramuscularly subcutaneously by inhalation.

Dosage depends on the severity of pain, way of administration and many other important factors. It always should be used ACCORDING TO PHYSICIAN’S RECOMMENDATION!!!

ADDICTION

The most common among patients and people having easy access to it.

Danger in physical or mental addiction.

Mophinists are able to commit every crime to get the drug.

A painting of famous Polish artist Witkacy, who having been injured during the war became addicted to morphine.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Danysz A. (1994). ”Morfina” Kompendium farmakologii i farmakoterapii. Wrocław,

Poland, p.: 322-327

2. Janicki P., Kostkowski W., Kubikowski P. (1991). ”Współczesna farmakoterapia bólu.” Farmakologia. Warsaw, Poland, p.:982-983

3. Mandal A. ”Morphine history” http://www.news-medical.net/health/Morphine-History.aspx

4. Mandal A. ”Morphine chemistry” http://www.news-medical.net/health/Morphine-Chemistry.aspx

5. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mg7D3kYysfw/SRvPk19v-lI/AAAAAAAALAs/7OFYyAz0A7c/s400/opium.jpg

6. http://s150.photobucket.com/user/goshawk007/media/pod-1.jpg.html

7. http://www.versuchschemie.de/Experimente/Orlando/piperin.jpg

8. Podlewski J., Chwalibogowska-Podlewska A. (2009). Leki współczesnej terapii. Warsaw, Poland, entry: Morphine, p.:525-526

9. http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Witkacy/Images/Nova_Aurigae.jpg

10.http://www.mojeobrazy.com.pl/malarz.php?id=106&malarz=Witkacy+Stanis%B3aw+Ignacy

11.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Mohn_z06.jpg

12.Chmielewski H. (1997). ”Tytus Romek i A’Tomek Księga XXIII”. Warsaw, Poland, title page

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