adding precision to precise irrigation - california · pdf fileadding precision to precise...
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Adding precision to precise irrigation
Yafit Cohen, PhD
Institute of Agricultural Engineering Agricultural Research Organization,
Volcani Center, Israel
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Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use (yield per irrigation unit)
Robert G. Evans, E. John Sadler, 2008
• Agricultural advances will include:
– Conversion to crops with higher productivity per unit of water consumed,
– Development of precision irrigation technologies for sprinklers and micro-irrigation systems
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Water use efficiency in Israel
Irrig Sci, Fuchs, 2006
1960 1967 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Water use
Inde
x gr
owth
in re
latio
n to
196
0s
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Precision agriculture
A management strategy that uses information technologies to bring data from multiple sources to bear on decisions associated with crop production (1997)
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Data Collection
Data and information Processing
Variable-rate
application
Spatial decision support systems
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From data collection to VRI
1. Data collection to map the in-field variability – Mostly indirect measurements like NDVI and
plant temperature
2. Data processing – Transformation into meaningful measures
3. Spatial DSS – Strategies for variable rate irrigation
4. Variable rate application technologies
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Thermal imagery for irrigation
• Detection of irrigation
malfunctions
• Water status mapping and Irrigation management
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Thermal imagery for irrigation
• Detection of irrigation
malfunctions
• Water status mapping and Irrigation management
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Map of irrigation malfunctions
Red – clogs; Blue- leaks
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‘Waze’ for the farmers: the monitoring routs
Seasonal monitoring of irrigation malfunctions requires 5–7.5 days per hectare of olives and grapevines. The thermal-based detection system can reduce this to 3–4 days.
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Thermal imagery for irrigation
• Detection of irrigation
malfunctions
• Water status mapping and Irrigation management
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CWSI – Crop Water Stress Index
14
• The index based on canopy temperature (Tcanopy) and extreme reference temperatures: – Tmax – Heavy Water Stress, Closed Stomata, low
transpiration. – Tmin – Full Transpiration, Open Stomata, high transpiration.
(Idso et al., 1981)
Min = 0 = well-irrigated 1 = Max = heavy water stress
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Precise and Precision Irrigation • The use of thermal
remote-sensing to map the in-field variability has the potential to increase WUE without decreasing yield
• Adding precision to precise irrigation systems
Irrigation based on point plant monitoring
Irrigation based on thermal-imaging
Water use efficiency in cotton field
Kg/c
ube
a
b
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RGB (regular) imaging - UAV
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RGB (regular) imaging - UAV
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Thermal imaging - UAV
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Yield
Treatments
Mar
ketin
g Yi
eld
(ton
/dun
am)
Corrected treatments
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LWP Maps Givat Brener – 11/08/2013 Whole-field – 90% Irrigation units– 95% management zones –
100%
Severe water stress
Medium water stress
Low water stress
Well Irrigated
Over Irrigated
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Summary • VRI systems are already commercial for pivot and
linear move irrigation systems • Initial non-commercial systems were developed
for drip irrigation • These commercial systems are currently fed
simply by static IMZ ignoring the in-season-change in their borders.
• To improve their performance these systems should be fed also by in-season prescription maps
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Summary • Methodologies are continuously developed to
create high level irrigation prescription maps by including in-season thermal imaging.
• These technologies and methodologies have a great potential in increasing water use efficiency in the 21st century.
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Summary • Thermal images are becoming more available
to the farmers yet, care should be taken to ensure using thermal cameras with high accuracy.
• The current challenge is to develop methodologies to decrease the costs involved in using thermal imaging in order to urge the adoption of thermal-based irrigation approach by the farmers.
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Thank you for you attention
Questions?
• Alchanatis et al., 2010. Precision Agriculture, 11:27-41. • Rud et al., 2014. Precision Agriculture, 15 (3): 273-289. • Cohen, et al. 2015. Precision Agriculture, 16 (3): 311. • Cohen, et al. 2016. Precision Agriculture, doi:10.1007/s11119-016-
9484-3.