addition of titanium dioxide and sources effects on uv ...addition of titanium dioxide and sources...
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Addition of Titanium Dioxide and Sources Effects on UV
Transmittance and Hydrophilicity of Chitosan Film
Kuo-feng Chou 1
and Li-wen Wang 1
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University, No.306, Yuanpei St., HsinChu, Taiwan 30015
Abstract. A hybrid membrane of chitosan and titanium dioxide (TiO2) was formed for the purpose of
protecting skin. Chitosan extracted from shrimp shells mixed with 0~4wt% TiO2 particles by sol-gel hybrid
method. The hybrid was coated on glass slide for the photo spectrum analysis and hydrophilicity testing.
Transmittance of Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible light (230nm~800nm) of the hybrid was determined by a UV-
Visible photo spectrum. The hydrophilicity of hybrid was measured by contact angle method. The sample
contained 1wt% has best UV absorption capability. For the sample with high TiO2 concentration, the
dispersion of TiO2 is low and particle size is large so that the absorption of UVB becomes weak. On the other
hand, the effect of the concentration of chitosan on the transmittance of UV is not significant. The
hydrophilicity of hybrid could be improved by raising the concentration of chitosan. The hybrid could be
applied into the dressing material which could block UV radiation.
Keywords: Chitosan, sol-gel, titanium dioxide
1. Introduction
Recent years, the ozone layer by human emissions of pollutants constantly being destroyed, exposure to
ground UV intensity gradually increased, excessive exposure can also have a negative impact on human skin,
eyes and other organs and immune system [1], [2]. Appropriate choice of materials and the development of a
can block ultraviolet radiation is a very important thing, can be used in any place, such as glasses or windows,
or can be used in medicine. The method of treatment of cancer, one of the main methods of radiation through
a chemical treatment or a chemical treatment method, most of the chemical agent or radiation therapy is to
kill rapidly proliferating cells, through to achieve the purpose of treatment, but at the same time likely to kill
rapidly proliferating in vivo normal cells, resulting in a considerable number of side effects, including nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, neutropenia, oral ulcers, burning, numbness and other symptoms, but often because of
radiation and chemotherapy to radiation dermatitis caused by local organizations. Main selections of
materials are titanium dioxide and chitosan. Titanium dioxide is regarded as a good anti-radiation additive
can be incorporated into the polymer to form anti-radiation dressing. In the past few decades, there are three
different titanium dioxide polymorphs: rutile (RE), anatase (A), and brookite, and their electrical, magnetic,
catalytic and electrochemical properties have been widely studied [3]-[6]. A- photocatalytic titanium oxide is
suitable for the application, R- titanium oxide having a high refractive index and hiding power, and good
chemical stability and resistance to UV shielding effect [7]. Chitosan is a chitin isolated from crustacean
shell out a lot of natural polymers obtained by deacetylation, which has biocompatibility, biodegradability
and biological activity of the properties can be applied in different fields such as food, medicine,
biomedicine, pharmacology, biotechnology, biomaterials, drugs and cosmetics [8]-[11].
2. Methods
2.1. Materials Corresponding author. Tel.: + 886-3-610-2345; fax: +886-3-610-2347.
E-mail address: [email protected].
2015 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology (ICBET 2015)
IPCBEE vol.81 (2015) © (2015) IACSIT Press, Singapore
DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2015. V81. 5
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Chitosan-A (from shrimp shells, ≧75% deacetylated), Chitosan-B (from white mushroom, high purity,
Mv 60,000-120,000), Titanium(lv) oxide (minimum 99.0%, FW=79.88) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
co., ltd. Hydrogen Peroxide (35%, M=34.02) was purchased from Astamuse company, ltd. Acetic Acid (95%
(w/w)) was purchased from Ehco Chemical co., ltd. Penetration analysis spectrometer (USB4000, 200nm ~
800nm) was purchased from Ocean Optics. Rotation of the brushless motor coater (W380*D470*H300) was
purchased from Pentad Scientific Co., ltd. Element image measuring system (XC432VR, 40x~1000x, 1/3”)
was purchased from Tunry Technology Industry Corporation. Electronic scales (Precisa PL202-S mettler)
was purchased from Chuan Hua Co., ltd. Hot Plates (Cimarec SP131325) was purchased from Thermo
Fisher Scientific Inc.
2.2. Experiments
Chitosan were uniformly mixed with 3% acetic acid and water to form the solutions of 0%, 1.5%, 2%,
2.5% and 3%, respectively. 2% TiO2 powder is poured into the solution and stirring for 5 minutes, next shake
by an ultrasonic oscillator for 40 minutes. In addition, the chitosan extracted from white mushroom also were
made into solution of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%.
For the preparation of chitosan coating, a glass slide washed with H2O2 solution in a ultrasonic
oscillators for 30 minutes at 80 C. The chitosan solution was spin coated unto the washed glass slide with
3000 ~ 4000rpm for 10 seconds and 500 ~ 1000rpm for 20 seconds.
The UV-Vis transmittance of chitosan films were measured by a UV-Vis spectrometer obtained from
Ocean Optical co., and the measure range is 240nm~800nm.
The hydrophilicity of the sample is determined by the contact angle on the interface between chitosan
film and water droplet measured with a home-made machine and image capture system.
Fig. 1: TiO2/Chitosan membrane, TiO2 content: (a) 0% (b) 1% (c) 2%
300 400 500 600 700 8000
20
40
60
80
100
T (
%)
wavelength(nm)
TiO2(%)
0
1
2
3
4
Fig. 2: UV-Vis spectra of chitosan membranes contain TiO2.
3. Results and Discussion
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3.1. Effect of Addition of Titanium Dioxide
The chitosan film added 0 ~ 2wt% of titanium dioxide is obtained by microscope as shown in Fig. 1.
There are clearly visible changes on the morphology of films between the presence and absence of titanium
dioxide. The distribution of TiO2 is more uniform in the sample of 1wt% than that of 2wt%. In addition, UV-
Vis spectra of chitosan membranes contain 0 ~ 2wt% of TiO2 is shown in Fig. 2. The film contained titanium
dioxide presents that the ultraviolet shielding ability is good, but there was no obvious change in the
concentration differences. The results indicate that a low concentration of the titanium dioxide can have a
good UV shielding ability, and save costs. The transmittance of all sample contained TiO2 are low.
3.2. Effect of Concentration of Chitosan
UV-Vis spectra of chitosan membranes with different concentrations are shown as Fig. 3. Different
concentrations showed no significant differences. The mixed solution of 3% concentration may be saturated,
such that the decreasing UV resistance. The UV absorbance of chitosan is not as high as that of TiO2.
Contact angle of chitosan membranes with different concentrations and TiO2 contents is shown in Fig. 4. The
hydrophilicity of chitosan film linearly decreases with the increase of concentration, but if TiO2 was added,
hydrophilicity would be raised.
300 400 500 600 700 8000
20
40
60
80
100
T(%
)
wavelength(nm)
Chi(%)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Fig. 3: UV-Vis spectra of chitosan membranes with different concentrations.
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.025
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
TiO22%
TiO20%
Co
nta
ct A
ng
le
Chi content (wt%)
Fig. 4: Contact angle of chitosan membranes with different concentrations and TiO2 contents.
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3.3. Effect of Source
The both spectrum of chitosan films extract from shrimp and mushroom are plotted in Fig. 5. The
transmittance of mushroom chitosan film for UVA-UVB (300nm-250nm) is lower than that of shrimp
chitosan film. This result implies the capacity of UV resistance of chitosan extract from mushroom UV is
better than that of shrimp chitosan. The effect of source also could find in the result of contact angle
measurement as shown in Fig. 6. The relation between contact angle and the concentration of chitosan
solution is almost liner for the shrimp chitosan film, but the contact angle is constant for high concentration
chitosan film. It seems that a structure difference between the shrimp and mushroom chitosan, the
speculation should be confirmed in the future.
300 400 500 600 700 8000
20
40
60
80
100
T(%
)
wavelength(nm)
Chi0%
Chi1%-mushroom
Chi1%-shrimp
Fig. 5: UV-Vis spectra of chitosan membranes made from different sources
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.025
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Co
nta
ct a
ng
le
Chi content(wt%)
Shrimp
mushroom
Fig. 6: Contact angle of chitosan membranes made from different sources
4. Conclusion
The transmittance and hydrophilicity of chitosan film had been measured and the effects of TiO2 and
source were discussion. The addition of TiO2 or high concentration would also reduce the transmittance of
chitosan to UV and Visible light, and the UV resistance of chitosan extracted from mushroom is higher than
that of chitosan extracted from shrimp. On the other hand, the hydrophilicity of chitosan film decreases with
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the increase of concentration. However, the trend would be stopped at high chitosan concentration as the
addition of TiO2 or for the mushroom source.
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