addition reaction
DESCRIPTION
Organic ChemistryTRANSCRIPT
Catalyst (broken clay pot or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
Decane
(what is the formula?______________)
water
Decane
(what is the formula?______________)
What is the Structural formula - Draw in your jotter)
H HC
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
Decane
Draw 4 isomers of decane
H HC
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
c cc
c cc c ccc c c cc
c cc c cc
c cc
c cc c
c
cc c c
cc cc c
c
c
c
When we “crack” DECANE what are the possible products formed?
H HC
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
How do you prove you have formed these products?
HC
H
HH
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
ccH
HHH C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
AnnapurnaAnnapurna
Pentene
CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2
Alkenes
Can be
Hydrocarbons
Saturated(Single Bonds)
Can beUnsaturated
(Double Bond)
EtheneCH2=CH2
Alkanes
Cycloalkanes
Saturated or Saturated or Unsaturated?Unsaturated?
HC
H
H
CH
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
C
CC
H H
H
HH
H
HC
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
CH2CHCH3
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Unsaturated Unsaturat
ed
Bromine WaterBromine Water
HC
H
CH
H
C
H
H
BrBrDouble Bonds
Undergo
Addition Reactions
In Addition ReactionsThe double bond
Breaks and bromine atomsare added to both sides
of the double bond
Addition of Hydrogen Addition of Hydrogen (H(H22))
HC
H
CH
H
C
H
H
HHThe double bond
Breaks and Hydrogen atomsare added to both sides
of the double bond
Propene + HydrogenPropane
Alkenes into AlkanesAlkenes into Alkanes
CCCCC
H HH H
HH
CH
H
H H
H
H
H H
Hexene + HydrogenC6H12 H2+
Hexane
C6H14
Now write this reactions using the Structural
Formulae
1.
CCCCCC
H HH H
HH
HHHHHH
HH
Alkenes into AlkanesAlkenes into Alkanes
CCCCCCC
H HH HH H
HH
HHHHH
CH
H
H
HCCCCCCCC
H H H HH HH H
HH
HHHHHHHH H
Octene + Hydrogen Octane
C8H16 H2+ C8H18
2.
Saturated?Saturated?
C2H6
C4H10
C20H42
C10H20
C15H30
C8H18C7H14
C60H122
C11H22
?
??
?
C4H8?
C4H8?
Alkenes and CycloalkanesAlkenes and CycloalkanesIsomers from different Homologous Series
CnH2n
Alkenes
Cyclo-alkanes
Unsaturated
Saturated
C4H8
C4H8
C4H8
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
HC
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
Butene
Cyclobutane
Unsaturated Saturated
Reacts withBromine
UnreactiveNo Reaction with
Bromine
CC55HH1010
►Describe how you could find out, which Describe how you could find out, which test tube contained pentene and which test tube contained pentene and which test tube contained cyclopentanetest tube contained cyclopentane
A B
Pentene
Cyclopentane
►Only Tube A decolourised bromine water.Only Tube A decolourised bromine water.
Bromine WaterBromine Water
► Alkenes react with Bromine water.Alkenes react with Bromine water.► The bromine water changes from brown to The bromine water changes from brown to
clear.clear.► Tube A must contain PenteneTube A must contain Pentene
Alkene
Bromine Water
Alkane
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