addition - the process of combining number(s) to get a bigger … · data - usually raw,...
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addition - the process of combining number(s) to get a bigger number(s) (sum)
Ex. 5 + 7 = 12 34 + 51 = 85
subtraction - the process of taking a number(s)from a bigger number(s) to get a smaller number(s)
Ex. 9 - 4 = 5 72 - 31 = 41
whole number - counting numbers (natural numbers)
Ex. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, , 6, 7,..........
borrow - to take from one place value (place) to increase the value in an other place value (place)
Ex.
regroup - to take from one place value (place) to increase the value in an other place value (place)
Ex.
model - to show mathematical ideas using objects, pictures, graphs, equations, or other methods
Ex.
group - set of items that are the same
Ex.
skip count - to count by multiples of numbers besides 1
Ex. 2, 4, 6, 8,..... 3, 6, 9, 12,.....
5, 10, 15, 20,..... 10, 20, 30, 40,.....
equation - a mathematical statement that contains an equal sign
Ex. 6 + 7 = 13 8 - 3 = 5
number sentence - a mathematical statement that contains an equal sign
Ex. 6 + 7 = 13 8 - 3 = 5
repeated addition - adding the same number many times in order to find the answer to a multiplication problem
Ex. 3 x 5 = 15 or 5 + 5 + 5 = 15
repeated subtraction - subtracting the same number multiple times in order to find the answer in a division problem
Ex. 10 ÷ 2 = 5 10 - 2 = 8 - 2 = 6 - 2 = 4 - 2 = 2 - 2 = 0
array - a set of objects arranged in order, often in rows and columns
Ex.
rows - items arranged in a horizontal line
Ex. ************
columns - items arranged in a vertical line
Ex. * * * * *
multiplication - a mathematical operation where a number is added to itself a number of times
Ex.
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20 or 5 x 4 = 20
division - sharing or grouping a number into equal groups
Ex.
unit - another name for one
Ex. square units/sq. units (area)
number line - a straight line on which each point represents a real number
Ex.
factor - one of the expressions that are multiplied together
Ex.
product - the result (answer) when two numbers are multiplied
Ex.
commutative property of multiplication - this property states that factors can be multiplied in any order and the product is always the same
Ex. 3 x 5 = 15 5 x 3 = 15
associative property of multiplication - this property states that when multiplying three or more factors, the product is always the same regardless of their grouping
Ex. (3 x 5) x 2 = 30 5 x (3 x 2) = 30
distributive property of multiplication - this property states that multiplying a sum by a number gives the same result as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products together
Ex.
identity property of multiplication - this property states that the product of 1 and any other number is always the other number
Ex. 1 x 5 = 5 7 x 1 = 7 1 x 100 = 100
20 x 1 = 20 1 x 99 = 99 500 x 1 = 500
zero property of multiplication - this property states that the product of 0 and any other number is always 0Ex. 1 x 0 = 5 0 x 6 = 0 8 x 0 = 0
20 x 0 = 0 0 x 99 = 0 500 x 0 = 0
equation/number sentence - a mathematical statement that contains an equal sign
Ex. 6 + 7 = 13 8 - 3 = 5
solve - to find the value(s) of a variable(s) that makes a number sentence (equation) true.
Ex. 3 x 5 = 15 5 + 3 = 8 5 - 3 = 2 10 ÷ 2 = 5
quotient - the number (answer) resulting from division
Ex.
division - the process of calculating how many times one quantity is contained in another
Ex.
dividend - the number that is to be divided in a division problemFor example, when you divide 10 by 2 (10 ÷ 2 = 5), 10 is the dividend.
Ex.
divisor - the number that divides the dividend.For example, when you divide 10 by 2 (10÷2 = 5), 2 is the divisor.
Ex.
equal groups - groups that have the same number of equivalent items
Ex.
variable - a symbol that stands for an unknown quantity
Ex. b + 3 = 8 b = 5
p x 3 = 24 p = 8
addends - one of the numbers that are being added together in a sum
Ex.
sum - the result (answer) in an addition problem
Ex.
inverse operation - operations that undo each others effect
For example, addition and subtraction are inverse operations. So are multiplication and division.
Ex.
unknown - a variable whose value is found by solving an equation
Ex. p x 3 = 24
p is the unknown
fair sharing - splitting into equal parts or groups.
Ex. OOOOOOO OOOOOOO OOOOOOO
|*****|*****|*****|*****|*****|
vertex/vertices - a point shared by three or more sides of a solid figure
Ex.
edge - a line segment where two faces meet
Ex.
face - the flat surface of a solid figure
Ex.
slide (translation) - the action of moving a figure along a line for a given distance
Ex.
flip (reflection) - the action of flipping a figure across a line (axis) and the result will be the mirror image
Ex.
turn (rotation) - the action of spinning a shape either clockwise or counter clockwise (1/4, 1/2, 3/4.....etc.)
Ex.
second (sec.) - a basic unit of time
60 seconds = 1 minute
minute (min.) - a basic unit of time
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
hour (hr.) - a basic unit of time
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
half hour (1/2) - is equal to 30 minutes
quarter hour (1/4) - is equal to 15 minutes
three quarters hour (3/4) - is equal to 45 minutes
half passed - 30 minutes pass the hour
Ex. 4:30 8:30 10:30
quarter passed - 15 minutes pass the hour
Ex. 1:15 5:15 9:15
three quarters passed - 45 minutes passed the hour
Ex. 2:45 5:45 7:45
quarter ‘til - 15 minutes until the next hour
Ex. 2:45 5:45 7:45
second hand - long hand on a clock, most often a red color
Ex.
minute hand - long hand on a clock, most often a black color
Ex.
hour hand - short hand on a clock, most often a black color
Ex.
elapsed time - the time interval from the start of an activity to the end of that activityFor example the elapsed time for the movement is 10 seconds.
Ex.
a.m. (ante meridiem) - any time after midnight and midday
p.m. - (post meridiem) - any time after midday and midnight
calendar - a table showing the year broken up into: months, weeks, and days
Ex.
chart - a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram
Ex.
tree diagram - a chart that organizes possible outcomes for a process to make it easy to count
Ex.
combinations - number of possible outcomes
Ex.
table - a chart that organizes data in rows and columns to show facts and figures
Ex.
graphs - drawing or diagram used to record information
Ex.
pictograph - graphs using pictures to represent a quantity
Ex.
bar graph - uses bars to show quantities or numbers so they can be compared
Ex.
line graph - uses lines to join points which represent the data
Ex.
scale - a series of marks at regular interval along a line or curve that helps you measure things
Ex.
key - a list or note that explains the meaning of each symbol on a graph or explanation on a pictograph to show how many each picture stands for
Ex.
data - usually raw, unprocessed facts and figures collected about people or things
Ex.
survey - a list of questions that a group of people are asked in order to determine the characteristics of a group
Ex.
symbol - a letter, figure or sign used to represent a quantity, sentence, relation, function, or an object or operation
Ex.
increments - change in value
Ex. $2, $4, $6, $8, $10, $12,.....
X-axis - usually the horizontal axis in a Cartesian coordinate system
Ex.
Y-axis - usually the vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system
Ex.
horizontal lines - the direction of a line from left to right
Ex.
vertical lines - the direction of a line from top to bottom
Ex.
diagonal lines - the direction of a line that is at an angle
Ex.
place value - the value of a digit depending on its place in a number
Ex.
rounding - finding an approximate number
Ex.
estimation - calculate an amount or round the number to obtain a quick answer
Ex.
expanded form (expanded notation) - a way to write a number by showing the value of each individual digit forming the number
Ex. 134 can be written as 134 = 100 + 30 + 4.
standard form (standard notation) - the usual way of writing numbers with digits.
Ex. 4,581
754
96 12,831
word form - a way to write numbers by using words instead of digits
Ex.
digit - symbol used to show a number
Ex. 8 is a one digit number 18 is a two digit number 180 is a three digit number
area - the size a surface takes up, measured in square units
Ex.
length - the distance along a line or a curve
Ex.
width - the length from side to side
Ex.
height - the length from top to bottom
Ex.
length - the length from side to side (widest side)
Ex.
2 dimensional shape (2-D shape) - a figure in which length and the width can be measured
Ex. length
width
3 dimensional shape (3-D shape) - a figure in which length, width and height can be measured
Ex.
square unit (sq. unit) - the area of a square
Ex.
perimeter - the length of the boundary around a shape or a figure
Ex.
fraction - a number that represents part of a whole or part of a group
Ex.
denominator - the bottom number in a fractionIt represents the total number of equal parts.
Ex.
numerator - the top number of a fraction
Ex.
equivalent - two quantities that have the same value
Ex.
operation - the process of following rules of procedure such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division,.....
Ex. 5 + 7 = 12 3 x 5 = 15 4 - 1 = 3
relevant - important information that is needed
extraneous - unimportant information that is not needed
fact family - a set of related addition and subtraction number sentences or a set of related multiplication and division number sentence
Ex.
greater than - a symbol used to indicate one number is bigger than another
Ex.
less than - A symbol used to indicate one number is smaller than another
Ex.
equal to - the same in size, value, or amount
Ex. ********** 10 = 10
**********
compare - what is similar and what is different
order - arrange according to size, amount, or value
