additions to the lichens and lichenicolous fungi of denmark 8 · 11 sept. 2007, va. this is a...

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 25 (2013)

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Additions to the lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Denmark 8 VAGN ALSTRUP, ULRIK SØCHTING, CLAUS DRAGSHOLT, THOMAS LÆSSØE, ARNE THELL and MARTIN KUKWA Alstrup, V., Søchting, U., Dragsholt, C., Læssøe, T., Thell, A. & Kukwa, M. 2013. Additions to the lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Denmark 8. – Graphis Scripta 25(2): 56–63. Tartu. ISSN 0901-7593. Eiglera flavida and Epilichen scabrosus should be deleted from the Danish checklist. The collections of Caloplaca citrina are revised and most of them referred to C. flavocitrina. Amandinea pelidna, Arthonia peltigerae, A. phaeophysciae, Caloplaca britannica, C. polycarpa, Clauzadea metzleri, Cyphelium karelicum, Dendrophoma lecanorae, Didymellopsis collematum, Endococcus protoblasteniae, Ephebe perspinulosa, Fuscidea arboricola, F. austerodes, F. kochiana, Gyalecta erythrozona, Lichenostigma cosmopolites, Micarea micrococca, Milospium graphideorum, Norrlinia medoborensis, Ochrolechia tartarea, Parmelia serrana, Peltigera neopolydactyla, Polyblastia quartzina, Porpidia ochrolemma, Pyrenidium actinellum, Rhizocarpon destructans, R. postumum, Scoliciosporum pruinosum, Unguiculariopsis thallophila, Verrucaria macrostoma, V. pinguicola and Zwackhiomyces lacustris are reported as new to Denmark, and notes are given on some further species. Vagn Alstrup, Dalkær 9.2.tv. DK-2605 Brøndby, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Ulrik Søchting, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Claus Dragsholt, Lyngbyvej 46, DK-7755 Bedsted Thy, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Thomas Læssøe, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Arne Thell, Lund University, Botanical Museum, Box 117, 22100 Lund, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] Martin Kukwa, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Al. Legionów 9, PL-80-441 Gdansk, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction

Based on new collections and revisions of herbarium material, 20 lichenized and 12 lichenicolous fungi are reported as new to Denmark. Identification of previously unidentified collections has been possible due to better keys, especially the latest British lichen flora (Smith et al. 2009). The most recent additions to the Danish lichens were published by Søchting et al. (2007), which means that our knowledge has increased with five species a year since then. The known number of lichenized species is now close to 1000 and there are about 175 lichenicolous species. In spite of this progress, it must be noted, that the lichen flora of Denmark is still under-recorded. Many species are only known from one or a few old collections and are considered regionally extinct. Most nature areas are small and habitats are widely separated making dispersal difficult. No nature conservation efforts are directed especially towards the lichens. The material is deposited in C unless stated otherwise.


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The abbreviations AT, CD, MK, TL, US and VA refer to the authors names. *: new to district; ** new to Denmark. Revisions

Caloplaca citrina. Revision of the collections in C revealed that most of the collections belong to C. flavocitrina, which is common all over the country. C. citrina is rarer but is supposed to be present in all districts.

Eiglera flavida. The species was reported as Aspicilia flavida by Galløe (1936), based on a specimen collected by J. S. Deichmann Branth. Both the description and the illustrations show that Galløe was treating a species of Aspicilia. It should therefore be deleted from the Danish checklist.

Epilichen scabrosus. Originally reported by Branth (1867), the material being illustrated and described by Galløe (1932), which clearly shows that it is E. glauconigellus. E. scabrosus should therefore be deleted from the Danish checklist. New finds

*Abrothallus parmeliarum. B, 6 km N of Neksø, alt. 2 m, on Parmelia omphalodes on rock 3 m from the coast, 6 April 2003, US, det. VA. There are two other records from Denmark, from F (Rostrup 1869) and EJ (Alstrup et al. 2004).

**Amandinea pelidna (Ach.) Fryday & L. Arcadia. NEJ, Læsø, Byrum, Tingstedet, on boulder, 8 Sept. 2012, VA. Læsø, Byrum, Stenrydsel, on boulder, 4 Sept. 2012, VA. WJ, Vrads, Vrads Kirke, on stone fence, 22 April 2012, VA.

*Arthonia molendoi. NEJ, Himmerland, Års, Tvebjerg, on Xanthoria parietina on Sambucus nigra, 15 Nov. 2009, TL, det. VA. The species was reported from Denmark on Physcia caesia (Alstrup 1993), but now it is supposed to be restricted to Caloplaca and Xanthoria.

**Arthonia peltigerea. LFM, Møn, Ulvshale, coastal heathland, on Peltigera ponojensis, 27 March 2005, TL, det. VA. The species has a northern boreal and arctic distribution, but perhaps it can be found further south during the cold season.

**Arthonia phaeophysciae. EJ, Horsens,

Vorsø, on Phaeophyscia orbicularis on a turned-over Populus canadensis, at the sea, June 2007, VA. F, Otterup, Enebærodde, on P. orbicularis on gneiss, 22 April 2006, VA. Since its description (Grube & Matzer 1997), the species has been reported from many countries in Europe, including Sweden and Norway.

*Aspicilia contorta. NWJ, Thy, Lyngby, on concrete paving, 1 Oct. 2010, CD. The species has spread on concrete and other building materials, and is now common in Denmark.

*Bacidia fraxinea. NWJ, Skive, Krabbesholm Skov, on Quercus sp., 22 June 2009, VA. NEJ, Læsø, Storedal, on Sorbus aucuparia, Sept. 2012, VA. The species was reported as new to Denmark from Bornholm (Alstrup 2001), and it is also known from eastern parts of Sweden and Finland (Santesson et al. 2004). The new finds constitute considerable range extensions.

*Biatora helvola. B, Bornholm, Slotslyngen near Finnedal, at road to Hammershus, on Quercus sp., 5 May 2013, VA. There is one old collection from Denmark, from EJ.

**Caloplaca britannica R. Sant. SZ, Rødvig,


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on mortar on a coastal dike N of the lighthouse, 11 Sept. 2007, VA. This is a western, mostly coastal species, in Europe; in the Netherlands it is also inland on calcareous building material (van Herk & Aptroot 2004). It is new to Scandinavia.

**Caloplaca polycarpa. NWJ, Thyholm, Oddesund Nord, on mortar on a coastal dike, 26 March 2012, CD and VA.

*Candelariella efflorescens. EJ, Malling, on Acer platanoides, roadside tree. 12 April 2013, E. Siegel, det. VA. NWJ, Virksund, on garden tree, 11 May 2013, E. Siegel, det. VA. The only previous collection from Denmark is from NEZ, where it was found on Ulmus sp., a tree which succumbed to Dutch Elm Disease (Alstrup 2001).

**Clauzadea metzleri. NWJ, Thy, Hansted, Hamborg, on limestone, 14 Aug., 2007, VA. EJ, Tørring, Hammer Kirke, on limestone, 13 March 2013, A.-G. Lentz, det. VA. It is a widespread, calcareous species (Gilbert & Hawksworth 2009).

*Cornutispora lichenicola D. Hawksw. & Sutton. NEZ, Tisvilde Hegn, on Hypogymnia physodes, 6 July 2010, VA. This coelomycete is widespread and found on many different host genera, but has only been reported once before in Denmark (Alstrup et al. 2004).

**Cyphelium karelicum. NEJ, Himmerland, Lille Vildmose, Bønderskov, on Quercus, 19-24 Aug. 2012, M. Mouridsen, det. MK. The species has a wide distribution in Europe except in oceanic areas.

*Cyphelium notarisii. B, Bornholm, Arnager Harbour, on a wooden bridge, 8 May 2013, VA. The species has been found only once before in Denmark, at Rødbyhavn 1956.

**"Dendrophoma" lecanorae Vouaux, NEZ, Hillerød, Strødamreservatet, on Lecanora chlarotera on Fagus sylvatica, 11 Nov. 1992, VA. B., Christiansø, on Lecanora saligna on

Fraxinus excelsior, 21 Sept. 2005, VA. This little known coelomycete was only known from France (Vouaux 1914) until it was reported from Sicily (Brackel 2008).

“Dendrophoma” sp. B, Christiansø, on Hypogymnia physodes, 20 Sept. 2005, VA. The conidia measure 6–7 x 1.5 µm. It seems to belong in the same genus as “Dendrophoma” lecanorae.

**Didymellopsis collematum (Steiner) Grube & Hafellner. NEZ, Uggeløse, on Collema tenax, 22 July 1970, M. Skytte Christiansen, det. VA.

*Dirina massiliensis. B, Bornholm, Hammerknuden, ruin of Salomons Kapel, on granite stone, 22 Sept. 2005, VA. The species was reported as new to Denmark from a church in W Jutland by Aptroot (2000). It is common on churches in the British Isles, the Netherlands and northern Germany, but most Danish granite churches are plastered and therefore not suitable for the species.

**Endococcus protoblasteniae. LFM, Møn, Høvblege, on Protoblastenia rupestris, 15 Aug. 1981, M. Skytte Christiansen, det VA. NWJ, Thy, Hansted, Hamborg, on P. rupestris, 14 Aug. 2007, VA. The ascospores measure up to 18 x 5 µm against 9–14 x 4.5–5 µm given in the protologue (Serúsiaux et al. 1999). In Fennoscandia the species was previously known from only one locality in Jämtland (Santesson et al. 2004).

**Ephebe perspinulosa. B, Christiansø, Mathilde, on granite mixed with Protoparmeliopsis achariana, 15 July 1937, P. Gelting, det. VA. The species has a northern distribution in Europe.

*Epicladonia simplex. EJ, 15 km E of Silkeborg, Skellerup, on Cladonia rei on sandy soil on a set-aside field, 4 Aug. 2010, US 11378, det. VA. The species is rather frequent in Denmark. C. rei is apparently a new host.


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Santesson et al. (2004) cite only one find from Finland. **Fuscidea arboricola. LFM, Falster, Hesnæs Skov, on Fagus sylvatica, 23 July 1977, S. Svane. EJ, Silkeborg, Vesterskov, on Larix decidua, 5 Oct. 1977, S. Svane. This is a species of northern distribution, known from Fennoscandia, where it is found on Alnus, Betula and Sorbus, and from Scotland and Ireland, where it is also found on Pinus (Gilbert et al. 2009). ** Fuscidea austera. B, Bornholm, Bodilsker, Kattesletsgård, on rock, 8 May 2013, M. Nissen, det. VA. It is known from Western Europe. **Fuscidea kochiana. B, Bornholm, Mølledalen at Hammershus, on rock, 5 May 2013, VA. It is a widespread species. **Gyalecta erythrozona. EJ, Hald Sø, Mostgaard Bæk, on silicious stone near a creek, 11 Aug. 1952, M. Skytte Christiansen 16081, det. VA. It is normally found on calcareous rock, but the soil in the area is somewhat calcareous, which may explain the occurrence on this substrate. *Lasallia pustulata. EJ, Silkeborg, Sejs Hede, Stoubjerg, on boulder, 27 Feb. 2012, L. J. Grønbjerg, conf. VA. NEJ, Læsø, Byrum, N of saltsyderi, 5 Sept. 2012 (a small specimen seen, not collected). The species is common on Bornholm and is known from a few historical localities in North Zealand and Northeast Jutland, but it was supposed to have disappeared from both these areas. *Lecanographa lyncea. NEJ, Læsø, Byrum, Lunden, on Quercus robur, 4 Sept. 2012, VA. This is a very rare species previously only known from three old Danish collections. *Lecanora circumborealis. NWJ, Thy, Hanstedreservatet, on lignum, 28 Aug. 2007, VA. There are earlier, uncertain reports of this species with a northern distribution from northeast Jutland and Bornholm.

*Lecanora impudens. NEJ, Himmerland, Louns Peninsula, S of Hvalpsund, on Juniperus communis, 20 Aug. 2008, VA. There is only one previous report of this species from Denmark, on lignum from LFM, Møn 1980.

Lichenodiplis lecanorae. F, Fyn, Horne, Dyreborg Skov, on Enterographa crassa on Quercus sp. close to the seashore, 6 Oct. 1985, M. Skytte Christiansen, det. VA. This seems to be a new host for the species, which has a wide host spectrum.

**Lichenostigma cosmopolites. NEZ, Danstrup, on Xanthoparmelia conspersa, 15 Apr. 1939, J. B. Hansen, det. VA. It is restricted to yellow species of Xanthoparmelia; it has a very wide distribution, but is rare in some places.

**Micarea micrococca (Körb.) Gams ex Coppins. NWJ, Salling, Kaas Skov, on rotten wood of Betula sp., 21 Oct. 2002, VA. This species is included in M. prasina in Santesson et al. (2004) and other works. Its true distribution is therefore uncertain.

**Milospium graphideorum. NEJ, Himmerland, Lille Vildmose, Bønderskov, on an unknown host on Quercus sp., 19-24 Aug. 2012, M. Mouridsen, det. MK. The species has a wide distribution, but is rarely reported.

*Mycobilimbia pilularis. NWJ, Salling, Kaas Skov, on moss on Quercus petraea, 24 Aug. 2010, CD & VA. The species, formerly known as Biatora sphaeroides, is erroneously called M. carneoalbida in Søchting & Alstrup (2008). It is rare in Denmark.

*Mycobilimbia tetramera. NWJ, Thy, NW Bedsted, Hviderimmer W of Hvidbjerg Klitplantage, on moss in dune heath, 2008, CD. The species is rare in Denmark, its habitat in a dune heath is explained by a small content of lime in the substrate.

**Norrlinia medobonensis S. Y. Kondr. LFM, Møn, Ulvshale, coastal heathland, on Peltigera


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ponojensis, 27 March 2005, TL, det. VA. This seems to be the first find since its publication from Ukraine.

**Ochrolechia tartarea. NWJ, Thy, Vestervig Kirke, western graveyard, on stone fence, 26 March 2012, CD & VA. B, Bornholm, Hammershus ruined castle, on wall, 7 May 2013, VA (not collected). This is a widespread species especially in boreal and arctic areas.

**Parmelia serrana A. Crespo, M. C. Molina & D. Hawksw. SJ, Rømø, Rømø Nørrestrand, on Pinus sp., 5 Apr. 2012, AT (LD-1575208, C). The distribution of this rather recently described species is still poorly known. It was previously recorded from Sweden and Finland, western, southern and central Europe, Ukraine, and the Canary Islands (Thell et al. 2011).

*Peltigera degenii. NEJ, Himmerland, Nørlund Skov, at Lindenborg Å, in old-growth forest, 29 May 2011, H. Michelsen, det VA & US. The species was known only from three earlier finds in Denmark and always from old-growth forests. It was supposed to be regionally extinct.

**Peltigera neopolydactyla. WJ, Randbøl Hede, Feb. 2007, Aa. Flensted, det. VA. NWJ, Thy, Hvidbjerg Klitplantage, with grass and moss at a gravel road, 15 Sept. 2009, CD. This is another boreal species extending its distribution to Denmark.

*Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. EJ, Horsens, Vorsø, on Fraxinus excelsior, July 2007, VA. Vorsø has been investigated at several occasions, and the species has certainly spread to the locality during the last 15 years. It was found on a free-standing young tree. This species, widespread in tropical and subtropical areas, is unknown from other Nordic countries; previously it was known in Denmark only from South Jutland (SJ), and it has supposedly spread north due to climatic changes.

**Polyblastia quartzina Lynge. EJ, Anholt,

Skejnæs Hage, on Verrucaria maura, 8 May 1979, K. Ramkær, det. VA. This lichenicolous lichen is known from Wales, Scotland and Novaya Zemlya on species of Verrucaria and Ionaspis lacustris in streams and brackish water.

**Porpidia ochrolemma. EJ, Tørring, Hammer Kirke, on acid stone, 11 March 2013, A.-G. Lentz, det. VA. The species is known from parts of Europe and North America, but its distribution is poorly known.

Protoblastenia calva. NWJ, Thy, Hansted, Hamborg, on limestone, 14 Aug. 2007, VA. The only previously known locality in Denmark was Hanstholm, a few km to the west of the present locality, but that locality was destroyed in connection with the construction of a harbour.

**Pyrenidium actinellum. NEJ, Læsø, Holtemmen, on Cladonia uncialis, 4 Sept. 2012, VA. Cladonia is a new host genus for this species, which is otherwise known from several other hosts.

Pyrenula chlorospila Arnold. EJ, Hobro, Hobro Østerskov, on Fagus sylvatica, Oct. 2008, VA. This is a new locality for a red-listed, critically endangered lichen in Denmark. It is known from western and mediterranean Europe and Japan (Orange & Hawksworth 2009), with an isolated occurrence in SE Poland (Alstrup 2004).

*Ramalina cf. elegans. NWJ, Thy, Hvidbjerg Klitplantage, on thin branches of Larix x eurolepis, 26 June 2009, VA & CD. This species is morphologically similar to R. elegans with upright, open branching, slender branches and side branches at a right angle below apothecia (see Fig. 1 and photo in Andreev et al. 2008, p. 420). Chemically it is similar to R. fastigiata (usnic and evernic acids), while R. elegans has sekikaic and homosekiaic acids according to Skyten (1993, and works cited therein) and Andreev et al.


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(2008). All specimens in C determined as R. elegans by R. Skyten have these slender branches, while R. fastigiata has a much more tufted growth with dense branching, coarse branches and are ± hanging on trunks and thick branches, without sub-apothecial branches at right angles. The illustration in Krog et al. (1994) is not typical for the species; we suggest that this is a chemical strain of R. elegans. There is only one earlier report of the species in Denmark, from 1858 (Søchting et al. 2007). The species was frequent at the locality with many young thalli, but was not found on other tree species.

Figure 1. Ramalina cf. elegans.

** Rhizocarpon destructans. NWZ, Højby, at foot of Klintebjerg, on Lecanora albescens, 25 July 1941, M. Skytte Christiansen, det. VA. Apart from the type locality in south Greenland, it is also known from Sweden (Santesson et al. 2004).

**Rhizocarpon postumum. NEJ, Læsø, Holtemmen, on silicious stone, 4 Sept. 2012, VA. WJ, Vrads, Vrads Kirke, on stone fence, 22 April 2012, VA. Thyregod, Vester Kirke, on stone fence, 10 Nov. 2012, A.-G. Lentz, det. VA. The species, recently segregated from R. reductum, has been overlooked, but is probably common in Denmark. It has a widespread distribution.

*Rinodina pyrina. NEJ, Læsø, Byrum, Lyngholt, on Acer pseudoplatanus, 8 Sept.

2012, VA. This species is rare in Denmark, previously known only from B, NEZ and A.

**Scoliciosporum pruinosum. NWJ, Salling, Kaas, on shaded stone on the beach at the margin of an oak forest, 29 Oct. 2004, VA. B, Bornholm, Rutsker, Svartingedal, on Carpinus betulus, 9 May 2013, VA. The species is mostly epiphytic on Quercus, Tilia and Fagus. It is distinguished from the saxicolous S. umbrinum by its pruinose apothecia, pale discs and KC+ violet apothecia.

*Sporidesmium bacidiicola Alstrup. EJ, Hobro Plantage, on Fellhaneropsis vezdae, Oct. 2008, VA. Since its description from Bacidia rubella on Bornholm (Alstrup 1991), it has only been reported from the same host in Poland (Alstrup & Olech 1996); therefore Fellhaneropsis is a new host genus.

*Stereocaulon vesuvianum. WJ, Vrads, Vrads Hede, on boulder in Calluna vulgaris heathland, 21 May 2012, VA. EJ, Them, Skærbæk Hede, boulder in Calluna vulgaris heathland, 21 May 2012, seen. Ødsted, Ødsted Kirke, on stone fence around a graveyard, Nov. 2012, L. J. Grønbjerg, Seen at two more localities. In Denmark this species was previously known from a few localities in NJ, and a probably introduced find on railway gravel in NEZ. The new finds show that it is not uncommon in the central part of Jutland.

*Taeniolella cladinicola Alstrup. NEJ, Læsø, Holtemmen, on Cladonia arbuscula, 4 Sept. 2012, VA. Around 1990 the species was seen at several localities in Denmark, and was epidemic, but then it apparently disappeared. It was also reported from the Czech Republic and Estonia (Kocourková 2000, Suija 2005).

*Taeniolella delicata. NWJ, Thy, Hansted-reservatet, on Micarea denigrata on lignum, 14 Aug. 2007, VA. It is a widespread species known from many hosts, but M. denigrata seems to be a new host.


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Taeniolella punctata. LFM, Kristianssæde Skov, on Opegrapha viridis, 24 July 1977, M. Skytte Christiansen, det VA. Opegrapha viridis is a new host for this species that is otherwise known from Graphis scripta and Thelotrema lepadinum.

*Thelomma ocellatum. B, Bornholm, Arnager harbour, on wooden bridge, 8 May 2013, VA. It is the second find of the species in Denmark after LFM, Fuglsang 2003.

**Unguiculariopsis thallophila. SZ, Sorø, Broby Vesterskov, on Lecanora saligna, 17 Oct. 2009, US, det. TL. The species is widespread in Europe and North America.

**Verrucaria macrostoma. WJ, Bording, Buskhede, on asbestos-cement roofing tile, 21 Feb. 2012, E. Nielsen, det. VA. This is a widespread species.

**Verrucaria pinguicola. F, Skallebølle, on brick in a grassy field, July 2010, CD, det. VA. This is a widespread species, but is probably under-recorded due to its small size.

**Zwackhiomyces lacustris. SZ, Kalvehave, Langebæk Skov, on Ionaspis lacustris, 16 Aug. 1956, M. Skytte Christiansen, det. VA. The species is known from a few scattered places in Europe, always on Ionaspis lacustris.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the following collectors for permission to study their material: Aa. Flensted, L. J. Grønbjerg, A.-G. Lentz, H. Michelsen, M. Mouridsen, and E. Nielsen. Thanks also to T. Tønsberg for chromatography of Ramalina cf. elegans. References

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