January 28th, 2015

Hiroki Mitsumata

Deputy Director-General for Environmental Affairs

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Addressing Climate Change through Innovation

CO2 emissions from fuel combustions in 2030 (forecast)

In 2035, global CO2 emissions from fuel combustions will increase by 120% compared to 2011.

While emissions from OECD countries will decrease, those from non-OECD countries will reach

approximately 70% of the total emissions.

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【Source】IEA World Energy Outlook 2013

49 53 45

11 12 9

40 37 29

12 20

19

22 16

18

23

80 102

6

17 39

6

16

24

5

10

14

6

11

16

25

28

43

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990年 2011年 2035年

その他（非OECD）

中南米（非OECD）

アフリカ

中東

インド

中国

ロシア

OECD(日米欧除く）

欧州（OECD）

日本

米国

20 billion tons

100 million tons

30 billion tons

36 billion tons

Japan 1.1 times

Japan 0.8 times

China 3.5 times

China 1.3 times

India 3.0 times

India 1.9 times

World 1.5 times

World 1.2 times

Non-OECD

World CO2 Emissions Outlook (by region)

Other (non-

OECD)

Latin America

(non-OECD)

Africa

Middle East

India

China

Russia

OECD (except for Japan,

US and Europe)

Europe (OECD)

Japan

US

(5.4%) (4.0%) (2.5%)

(3.0%)

(11.3%)

(5.7%)

(26.7%)

(10.9%)

(28.6%)

OECD : non-OECD

= 55.2% : 44.8% 40.7% : 59.3%

28.6% : 71.4%

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ACE: Actions for Cool Earth

Japan’s Diplomatic Strategy for Countering Global Warming

Basic Concept

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. (IPCC Fifth Assessment Report)

Actions for “Cool Earth” are: ・Innovation of Low Carbon Technologies

- Host the "Innovation for Cool Earth Forum" annually

・Application of existing technologies - Steadily implement the number of partner countries

to the Joint Crediting Mechanisms (JCM), for which 12 countries have already signed bilateral documents

- Established an energy efficiency facilitating hub for global action in Tokyo

・Partnership with various stakeholders - Contribute up to $1.5 billion to the Green Climate

Fund (GCF)

China US EU

Others

Current Situation

50% Reduction of annual GHG

emissions

Year 2050

Contributing to

realizing

Cool Earth

by technologies

Innovation

Application

Russia

India

Japan

Contribution of Technologies

Current 2050 2030

Target for Global

50% Emission Reduction

30 billion

Required amount for 50% Global emission reduction in CO2

(About 42 billion/t CO2)

Coal plant ：1 bn Natural gas planｔ ：0.3 bn Nuclear ：3.2 bn Offshore wind ：0.8 bn Photovoltaic ：1.7 bn Solar thermal ：1.7 bn Ocean energy ：0.1 bn Geothermal ：0.5 bn Biomass power ：1.7 bn

CCS ：7.1 bn Vehicle ：7.4 bn Device ：1.9 bn Iron ：1.6 bn Cement ：1.1 bn Chemical ：1.6 bn Pulp and Paper ：0.2 bn Air conditioning ：1.1 bn Thermal insulation ：0.6 bn

Technologies with Japanese Advantage (About 33.6 billion/ t CO2)

Land wind ：2.2 bn Water Power ：0.9 bn

Existing Technologies (About 3.1 billion/t CO2)

Modal shift ：1.3 bn Fuel conversion ：4 bn

Others (About 5.3 billion/t CO2)

GHG

Emission

(t/ CO2)

Estimated by METI based on IEA ETP 3

15 billion

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Japan’s Low-Carbon Technology and Potential Contribution

Potential reduction of CO2 by applying BAT（Best Available Technology）

Po

ten

tia

l am

ou

nt o

f

red

uctio

n(m

illio

n t C

O2

)

Po

ten

tia

l a

mo

un

t o

f re

du

ctio

n(t

CO

2 /

cru

de

ste

el t)

World China UA India Brazil Russia SA CA OECD US Korea Other

By applying the best practice of iron and steel plants in Japan to that of the world’s plants, it is estimated to be reduced 300 million tons of CO2 which is equivalent to Japan’s 20% emission.

By applying the best practice of coal-fired power plants in Japan to that of the US, China and India, it is estimated to be reduced 1.46billon tons of CO2 which

is equivalent to Japan’s total emission.

Iron and Steel Coal-fired Power Generation

Japan

Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspective 2008

By globally diffusing best available low carbon technologies in various sectors, eminent GHG reduction

would be realized.

Japan US China India

＋▲380 (Mt)

＋▲765 (Mt)

＋▲311 (Mt)

approx. 1.46 (Gt)

Source: " IEA World Energy Outlook 2012 “

" Ecofys International Comparison of Fossil Power Efficiency and CO2 Intensity 2013 "

Actual CO2 Emissions from Coal Thermal Power Generation (2010) and Case of Adopting currently Most Advanced Technology

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Examples of Innovative Technologies

Example-1: Innovative structural materials

Drastically improve the fuel efficiency of

transportation equipment through light-weighting of

structural materials. For instance, use of carbon

fiber composite materials in vehicles reduces the

weight of the vehicles by 60%.

Comprehensive fuel conservation including light

weighting has a large potential to reduce the global

GHG emissions of transportation equipment by

about 4.7 billion tons in 2050. (estimation by IEA).

Example-2: Artificial Photosynthesis

Artificial photosynthesis is a technology to convert

water to hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy,

and then create basic chemical materials such as

raw materials for plastic products using the

generated hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

It converts carbon dioxide, into useful materials. It

has a potential to be used as fuel in future.

Carbon Fiber Filament

and its application

ＣＯ２水石油Petroleum

Water CO2

Conceptual diagram of

Artificial Photosynthesis

JAPAN

Host Country

Low carbon technologies

MRV

JCM Projects

GHG emission

reductions

Joint Committee

Used to achieve Japan’s emission reduction target

Credits

Ethiopia

Kenya

Viet Nam

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Palau

Maldives

Bangladesh

Costa Rica

Mexico

Cambodia

Mongolia

＜ JCM Host Countries : 12 ＞

■Bilateral carbon crediting mechanism

■ Diffusion of low carbon technologies

e.g. ・ Waste heat recovery in energy-intensive

industry

・ Energy-saving electricity transmission

■ Sustainable development

Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

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Mongolia Jan. 8, 2013 （Ulaanbaatar）

Bangladesh Mar. 19, 2013 (Dhaka)

Ethiopia May 27, 2013 (Addis Ababa)

Kenya Jun. 12,2013 (Nairobi)

Maldives Jun. 29, 2013 (Okinawa)

Viet Nam Jul. 2, 2013 (Hanoi)

Japan has held consultations for the JCM with developing countries since 2011 and signed the bilateral document for the JCM with Mongolia, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Maldives, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Costa Rica, Palau, Cambodia and Mexico.

Japan held Joint Committee meetings with Mongolia, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Maldives, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Indonesia and Palau respectively.

Lao PDR Aug. 7, 2013 (Vientiane)

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Indonesia Aug. 26, 2013 (Jakarta)

Costa Rica Dec. 9, 2013 (Tokyo)

Palau Jan. 13, 2014 (Ngerulmud)

Cambodia Apr. 11, 2014 (Phnom Penh)

Mexico Jul. 25, 2014 (Mexico City)

Promotion of Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

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Examples of possible JCM projects

Example-1: Geothermal power

Advancement and deployment of geothermal

power generations would result in global GHG

emission reduction of approximately 0.5 billion

tons by 2050. (estimation by IEA).

Possible site: Indonesia.

Example-2: Solar Lantern

Replacing existing kerosene lamps by solar

lanterns will contribute to the resolution of health

problems as well as efficient energy

consumption.

Possible site: Kenya.

Since 2010, Japanese Government has been conducting feasibility studies on prospective JCM projects.

Specific examples include i) improved energy efficiency in both manufacturing processes and power

generation, ii) introduction of renewable energies, and iii) diffusion of high-efficiency home appliances.

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Energy Efficiency Facilitating Hub in Tokyo

AREAS OF SUPPORT

IMPLEMENTATION

Workshops

ECCJ will hold workshops to support the establishment or implementation

of energy efficiency policy and measures and the introduction of energy

management system through sharing the knowledge and expertise.

Knowledge Database ECCJ will establish a website which provides the best practices and

technical information on energy efficiency.

Support

to establish or implement energy efficiency policy and measures

to introduce energy efficiency management system

to improve energy efficiency project in building or industrial sector

Japan established the “Energy Efficiency Facilitating Hub” in Tokyo in order to make

contributions to the energy efficiency initiatives of SE4ALL.

The Energy Conservation Center, Japan (ECCJ) serves as the Energy Efficiency

Facilitating Hub and contribute to improving energy efficiency in the world by offering

technical advice and assistance to establish or implement energy efficiency policy and

measures.

Global Superior Energy Performance Partnership (GSEP)

CEM （Clean Energy Ministerial）

IPEEC (International Partnership for

Energy Efficiency Cooperation)

GSEP Steel WG Power WG Cement WG

Energy Management WG <US> Cool Roofs and Pavements WG <US> CHP and DHC WG <Finland>

Sectoral WGs

<Lead : Japan>

■GSEP Sectoral Working Groups contribute to sharing of efficiency-

enhancing best practices and technologies within specific sectors in

developing countries through public-private partnerships.

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It is important to ensure that the linkage between the financial mechanism such as GCF and the technology mechanism will be established so that the finance will be utilized for developing countries’ climate change measures in efficient and effective manner.

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Linkage between Financial Mechanism and Technology Mechanism

Green Climate Fund (GCF)

Technology Executive

Committee (TEC)

NDA, IE, EE NDE

Global Environment Facility (GEF)

Standing Committee on Finance (SCF)

Advisory Board

Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN)

Developing Countries

COP (Conference of Parties)

Financial Mechanism Technology Mechanism

Report, Proposal

Financial

Support Financial

Needs

Technological

Needs

Project Proposal

Request for

Technological

Support

Technological

Support

Financial Support ($1.8 million

from GEF-5）

Guidance

Guidance

Guidance Guidance

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◆The First Annual Conference◆

Date, Venue：October 8th, Tokyo

Participants： About 800 policymakers, business leaders and researchers from as many as 80

countries and regions participated.

Feedback：There were many positive comments such as “ICEF was very important conference

to promote innovations in parallel with the process in UNFCCC.”

ICEF2014 Steering Committee Statement

・Climate change is an urgent and complicated global challenge.

・Innovation will play a key role in addressing climate change.

・The cooperation among policymakers, business leaders and researchers is essential.

・Technological roadmaps are one important tool.

・Dissemination of innovative technologies in developing countries is crucial.

○Japanese government launched an international conference, ICEF, in order to establish a global platform for governments, business and academia to promote innovation in low carbon technologies including their dissemination.

Opening Video Message

from Prime Minister Shinzo

Abe

Innovation for Cool Earth Forum(ICEF)

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Innovation for Cool Earth Forum(ICEF)

Opening Session:

• Keynote speech by Takeshi Uchiyamada (Chairman, TOYOTA)

Plenary 1: The role of Innovation for Addressing Climate Change

• Mathew Hancock (Minister of State for Energy, UK),

• Nguyen Minh Quang (Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam),

• Norio Sasaki (Vice chairman of the Board and Director of TOSHIBA)

• Vaclav Smil (Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of Manitoba)

• Laurence Tubiana (Professor, Sciences Po Paris)

Plenary 2: Strategies for Promoting Innovation

• Sorena Sattari (Vice President for Science and Technology Affairs, Iran)

• Richard K. Lester (MIT, USA)

• Eric P Dresselhuys (Executive Vice President, Silver Spring Network, USA)

• Ogunlade R. Davidson (Former Minister of Energy and Water Resources, Sierra Leone)

• Naoko Ishii (CEO of Global Environmental Facility)

The first annual Meeting –October 8th at Hotel Chinzanso, Tokyo

Program and Speakers

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Innovation for Cool Earth Forum(ICEF)

Concurrent Session Solar Energy

• Vaclav Smil (University of Manitoba, Canada) ,

• Atsuhiko Hirano (President & CEO, Solar Frontier K.K, Japan)

• Alex Laskey (President and Founder, Opower USA) etc

Geothermal Power

• Isao Matsunaga (President, Geothermal Research Society of Japan) etc

Automobile Technology

• Philippe A. Tanguy (Vice President, International Scientific Development, Total,S.A.) etc

Energy Efficiency

• Andreas C. Kramvis (Vice Chairman, Honeywell International Inc.)

• Hidetoshi Nakagami CEO and Founder, Jyukankyo Research Institute Inc. Etc

The Role of Public Sector for RDD&D

• Charles Kennel (Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Diego (UCSD))

• Marzan Aziz Iskandar (Former Chairman, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology) etc

Cooperation between Developing and Developed Countries

• Ismail Serageldin (Director, Library of Alexandria)

• Guy Caruso Senior Adviser, Energy and National Security Program, Center for Strategic and International

Studies

• Avigad Vonshak (Professor, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU))

• Jim Falk (Honorary Professorial Fellow, the University of Melbourne) etc

Closing Session

Second ICEF annual Meeting will be held in October 7 to 8 in Tokyo

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