addressing in networking (ip,mac,port addressing)
DESCRIPTION
Describes about the addressing in networkingTRANSCRIPT
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WELCOME
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ADDRESSING IN COMPUTERNETWORKS
Pesented By ,Geethu JoseIiird Bsc (Cs)
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ADDRESSING
IP ADDRESSING MAC ADDRESSING PORT ADDRESSING
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IP ADDRESS
IP (Internet Protocol) address
• Device used by routers, to select best path from source to destination, across networks and internetworks
• Network layer address, consisting of NETWORK portion, and HOST portion
• Logical address, assigned in software by network administrator
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• Part of a hierarchical ‘numbering scheme’ - unique, for reliable routing
• May be assigned to a host pc, or router port
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TYPES OF IP ADDRESS
• Static address
• Dynamic address
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STATIC ADDRESS
• manually input by network administrator
• manageable for small networks
• requires careful checks to avoid duplication
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DYNAMIC ADDRESS
• assigned by server when host boots
• derived automatically from a range of addresses
• duration of ‘lease’ negotiated, then address released back to server
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CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS
• Class A - large organizations , governments
• Class B - medium sized organizations
• Class C - small organizations
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CLASS A IP ADDRESS
•1st octet = network address, octets 2-4 = host address
•1st bits of 1st octet set to 0
•up to (2^24 - 2) host addresses (16.8M)
124.224.224.100
01111100 11100000 11100000 01100100
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CLASS B IP ADDRESS
•1st 2 octets = network address, octets 3-4 = host address
•1st 2 bits of 1st octet set to 10
•up to (2^16 - 2) host addresses (65534)
129.224.224.100
10000001 11100000 11100000 01100100
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CLASS C IP ADDRESS
•1st 3 octets = network address, octet 4 = host address
•1st 3 bits of 1st octet set to 110
•up to (2^8 - 2) host addresses (254)
193.224.224.100
11000001 11100000 11100000 01100100
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MAC ADDRESS
•A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. • In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) Layer of the OSI.
Model is divided into two sub-layers 1. Logical Link Control (LLC) layer2. Media Access Control (MAC) layer
• The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.
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• The chance to see the MAC address is very difficult for any of your equipment.
• Software that helps your computer communicate with a network takes care of matching the MAC address to a logical address.
• If you'd like to see the MAC address and logical address used by the Internet Protocol (IP) for your Windows computer, you can run a small program that Microsoft provides.
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• Go to the "Start" menu, click on "Run," and in the window that appears, type WINIPCFG (IPCONFIG/ALL for Windows 2000/XP).
• When the gray window appears, click on "More Info" and you'll get information.
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PORT ADDRESSING
• There are many application running on the computer. Each application run with a port no.(logically) on the computer.
• This port no. for application is decided by the Karnal of the OS.
• This port no. is called port address
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• A port number is part of the addressing information used to identify the senders and receivers of messages.
• Port numbers are most commonly used withtcp/ip connections.
•These port numbers allow different applications on the same computer to share network resources simultaneously.
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• Port numbers are associated with network addresses.
• in TCP/IP networking, bothTCP and UDP utilize their own set of ports that work together with IP addresses.
•In both TCP and UDP, port numbers start at 0 and go up to 65535.
•Numbers in the lower ranges are dedicated to common Internet protocols (like 21 forFTP and 80 for HTTP).
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When You May Need to Take Action with Port Numbers
• network administrators may need to set up port forwarding to allow the port numbers of specific applications to pass through a firewall. On home networks, broadband routerssupport port forwarding on their configuration screens.
• network programmers sometimes need to specify port numbers in their code, such as insocket programming.
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• sometimes, a Web site URL will require a specific TCP port number be included. For example, http://localhost:8080/ uses TCP port 8080. Again, this is more usually seen in software development environments than on the Internet.
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THANK YOU
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