adi bornheim - weizmann institute of science · charm and beauty spectroscopy at b-factories and...

Charm and Beauty Spectroscopy at B-Factories

andthe Future at CLEO-c

Adi Bornheim CALTECH

For the CLEO Collaboration

Rehovot, Israel, 21 October 2003

Workshop on Heavy Quark Physics at the Upgrade HERA Collider

21.10.2003 Adi Bornheim Heavy Flavor Spectroscopy and CLEO-c2

Outline of the Talk

• Heavy Flavor Spectroscopy

• Experimental landscape at the - and -Resonances : The CLEO, BaBar, Belle and the BES experiments.

• Recent Results from charm-spectroscopy• Recent Results from beauty-spectroscopy

• The Future at CLEO-c and elsewhere


Introduction – Heavy Flavor Spectroscopy

• Hadronic matter are bound states made from quarks. • Quarks interact – and hadrons are held together - via the strong force. (Quarks also interact electromagnetically, weakly and via gravitational force …) • The field theory describing the interaction is called QCD – the field quants are gluons.• The scale (the mass) of most hadrons is too low to employ pertubation theory – thus it is hard (or for practical purposes impossible ) to calculate parameters (mass, width) of the quark bound states this way. (In fact it is hard or impossible to calculate almost anything reliably at a scale ~QCD )• Other techniques – HQET, LQCD – were developed to overcome these problems. Simple potential models work to some extent too. But :Today we are still unable to calculate eg. the full bound state spectrum for all possible quark combinations.• HQET and LQCD have been of crucial importance for recent advances in B-physics. In fact, they are considered the key in answering the questions to what extend out current model quark mixing is complete.

We have heard a lot about the theory - and a lot about heavy flavor dynamics - here a simplistic view about heavy flavor spectroscopy :


CLEO II/II.V Detector (1990-1999)

Magnet Yoke

Barrel CsI Calorimeter

Endcap CsI Calorimeter

Muon Chambers

Endcap TOFVertex Detector

Barrel TOF

Drift Chamber

Superconducting Coil

Silicone Vertex Detector

Almost hermetic detector

CLEO Operates at the Symmetric e+e- Collider CESR


CLEOII/II.V (1990-1999) and CLEOIII (2000-2002)

CLEOII CLEOIII

‘Low mass’ drift chamber (He based gas, low mass endplate)

Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector

Thinner beam pipe, More compact vertex detector

SC final focus magnets

B-Physics experiment detector generation n n+1 …


The Belle Detector at KEKB

/ KL detection 14/15 layer RPC+Fe

Central Drift Chamber He/C2H5

CsI(Tl) 16X0

Aerogel Cherenkov counter n=1.015~1.030

Si Vertex detector 3 lyr. DSSD

SC solenoid1.5T

8GeV e

3.5GeV e


e-

e+

1.5T Solenoid

Instrumented Flux Return

Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Drift Chamber

Detector for internally reflected Cherenkov light

(3.1 GeV)

(9.0 GeV)

Silicon Vertex Tracker

144 synthetic quartz bars11000 PMT

40 layers 80:20 helium:isobutan NTP

Resistive plate chambers (L3 detector type)18 – 19 layers

5760+820 CsI(Tl) crystals; X0 = 16.1 – 17.6

5 layer double sided silicon strip;Lifetime ~ 4 Mrad

The BaBar Detector at PEPII


Current Data Sets

• CLEO II/II.V : 13.4 fb-1 , CLEOIII : 9.4 fb-1 , both at Ecm~ 10 GeV,

CLEO-Resonance : 1 - 2 fb-1 at the (1S), (2S) and (3S) resonances and some data around the resonances

• CLEO-c later

• BaBar : 135 fb-1, Ecm~ 10 GeV, ~10 fb-1/month now

• Belle : 160 fb-1 , Ecm~ 10 GeV, up to 15 fb-1/month later 2003 / early 2004

both will roughly double their data sets until end 2004 both plan upgrades to ‘Super-B-Factories’ with several ab-1

• BESII : L ~ ~51030 /cm2s at J/ peak , Ecm~ 2-5 GeV

BESIII is now approved - operational after 2006

The detectors are very similar, the accelerators make all the difference :


The Discovery of the D*sJ(2317)

DS sideband 0 sideband

BaBar discovered a new state with a mass of 2317 MeV. (April 2003)

BABARBABAR

BABAR BABAR

M = 2316.8 0.4 MeV = 8.6 0.5 MeV

DsJ*(2317)+ Ds + 0

Ds + K+ K – +

Resolution from MC is = 8.9 0.2 MeV

hep-ex/0304021

M = 2317.6 1.3 MeV = 8.8 1.1 MeV

Ds+ K+ K – + 0

At the time the nature of this new state was unclear !


The Discovery of the DsJ(2457)

Signals in both channels, at

nearly the same value of M

Ds 0 mode :signal remains robust

Ds* 0 mode :53.3 +/- 9.7 events, width matches resol’n (~ 6.5 MeV)BaBar also saw a peak here

1+ partner of 0+ DsJ*(2317) ?

are these two separate particles?

2.32 GeV2.11

GeV

Ds 0

2.32 GeV

2.46 GeV

Ds* 0

Motivated by the BaBar analysis CLEOsearched for the D*sJ(2317) and DsJ(2457)


CLEO measurement of new DsJ States

CLEO Result : M(D*sJ) = 349.4 ± 1.0 MeV (D*sJ) = (8.0 ± 1.3) MeV M(DsJ) = 349.8 ±1.3 MeV (DsJ) = (6.1 ± 1.0) MeV

hep-ex/0305100

DsJ(2463)

Ds(1969)

D*sJ(2317)

D*s(2112)0

Random

Feed Up :

DsJ(2463)

Ds(1969)

D*sJ(2317)

D*s(2112)

0

Missing

Feed Down :

If a random photon is added to the Ds(1969)it becomes a D*s(2112) and the D*sJ(2317) is reconstructed as a DsJ(2463).

If the photon from the D*s(2112) decay is missed the DsJ(2463) is reconstructed as D*sJ(2317).

Feed up rate : ~50% BaBar, ~25% CLEO, ~30% Belle

Feed down rate : ~18% CLEO


Belle measurement of DsJ Properties

consistent with zero intrinsic width

M=2317.2 0.5 0.9 MeV/c2 M=2457.5 1.3 1.1 MeV/c2

hep-ex/0307052


Belle measurement of DsJ in B-decays

B->D DsJ(2317)

DsJ(2317)->Ds 0

B (B D DsJ(2317)) x B (DsJ(2317) Ds*0) = (8.52.02.6) x 10-4

B (B D DsJ(2457)) x B (DsJ(2457) Ds*0) = (17.84.25.3) x 10-4

B (B D DsJ(2457)) x B (DsJ(2457) Ds = (6.71.32.0) x 10-4hep-ex/0308019

B->D DsJ(2457)

DsJ(2457)->D*s 0

B->D DsJ(2457)

DsJ(2457)->Ds

Belle takes advantage of ‘full reconstruction’ of B-decays and their huge data set


Overview of DsJ Results on M

All three experiments give consistent results


Belle measurement of DsJ(2457)Ds Decays

BF(DsJ(2457)->Ds)BF(DsJ(2457)->Ds*)

0.63 0.15 0.15 (continuum) 0.38 0.11 0.04 (B decays)

= = 0.47 0.10

Consistent with 1+ hypothesis, 0+, 2+ are excluded


DsJ(2317) and DsJ(2457) Summary

• BaBar discovers the DsJ(2317).

• CLEO and Belle confirm BaBar’s observation of DsJ(2317).

• DsJ(2457) is firmly established by CLEO.

• Belle observes both DsJ(2317) and DsJ(2457) in B D DsJ decays: consistent with 0+ and 1+ (both having jq=1/2).

• DsJ(2457)-> Ds decay is observed by Belle both in continuum and B decays, angular analysis favours the JP=1+ hypothesis of DsJ

(2457)Other explanations : DK molecule (hep-ph/0305025, Lipkin et. al.); Datom (PLB 567 (2003) 23, Szczepaniak); four quark particle(several authors eg. PLB 566 (2003) 193; hep-ph/0306187; PRD 68 (2003) 011501); low mass threshold (hep-ph/0305035);Non-relatvistic vector and scalar exchange force (hep-ph/0305012)


Measurement of the ‘c

by CLEO, BaBar and Belle

M(’c) WORLD = 3637.7±4.4 MeV (Belle)

ee→ JX

B→ K(KsK+)

(2S) →X

→ KsK+

→ KsK+

All three experiments find a ‘c candidate in various modes with consistent mass.CLEO Analysis : ‘c in collisions. 65+17 M=3642.6±1.2 CLEOII/III sig.: 5.0/5.7 -14

CLEO CONF 03-05


Much more results …

ee→ JX

=MX

3630 ± 8 MeVBelle 102 fb-1

Updated this year

BELLE-CONF-0331

~10 times larger than expected

~ 1 pb

~ 0.06 pb

~ 0.06 pb

2002 results


Observation of b(2P) (1S) by CLEO

So far -transitions were the only observed hadronic transitions. -transitions are the only other non-suppressed transition.

B (b1(2P) (1S)) = (1.6 ± 0.3 ± 0.2) %B (b2(2P) (1S)) = (1.1 ± 0.3 ± 0.1) %

Three pion mass spectrum

Photon energy spectrum

CLEO CONF 03-06

KinematicalyForbidden region


CLEO Search for the b(1S)

The S0 states of the bb system(also referred to as the b )have not been observed to date.

Experimental signature :Photons from (3S) b(1S) via M1 transitions

Tune search with E1 transitions :b(2P) (1S)

Experimental challenge :0 rejection

CLEO CONF 02-05


CLEO Search for the b(1S)Sum of 3 E1 transitions peaksused to tune fit

Search for M1 photons in the expected mass range Maximum yield : 698± 463 events (1.5 ) No Evidence for the b(1S)

90 % CL UL CLEOIII (Prel.)


Spectroscopy: Observation of (13D2)

Preliminary results at ICHEP02 Update: More data and better background

suppression

e+e-,

M((13D2))= 10161.1 ± 0.6 ± 1.6 MeV

Theory = 3.8 10-5 (Godfrey & Rosner PRD 64 097501 (2001))

B((1D2) (1S))B((1D2) (1S))

< 0.25 (90% C.L.)

Recoil mass

CLEO III

B((3S) (1D) (1S) l+l-) = (2.6 ± 0.5 ± 0.5) 10-5

B((3S) (1D)) x B((1D) (1S)) < 2.3 10-4

CLEO CONF 02-06


More CLEO …

• More hadronic transitions of resonances -e.g. two body PS-V decays.

• Kinematic distributions in transitions of .

• Properties of the resonances (width etc.).

• Photon transitions of and resonances.

Preliminary results of all of the above have been shown this summer.Final results are expected in the next few month.


CLEO-c – The ContextCLEO made major contributions to B/c/ physics. But, with the spectacular success of the B factories, CLEO is no longer taking data at the (4S) resonance. Last run was June 25th, 2001.

The Past

Flavor Physics is in the “B Factory era” akin to precision Z. Over-constrain CKM matrix with precision measurements. Limiting factor is non-pertubative QCD.

The Present

The Future

LHC may uncover strongly coupled sectors in the physics that lie beyond the Standard Model. The LC may then study them.

Strongly-coupled field theories are an outstanding challenge to theoretical physics. Critical need for reliable theoretical techniques & detailed data to calibrate them.

Example:

Lattice QCD

Complete definition of pertubative & non-pertubative QCD.

Matured over last decade and can calculate to 1-5% B, D, , …

Charm at threshold can provide the data to calibrate QCD techniques Convert CESR/CLEO to a charm/QCD factory

CESR-c/CLEO-c


CLEO-c Physics ProgramCharm measurements Precise charm absolute branching ratio measurements Leptonic decays: decay constants fD and fDs Semileptonic decays: form factors, Vcs, Vcd, test unitarity Hadronic decays: normalize B physicsQCD studies Precise measurements of quarkonia spectroscopy

Searches for glue-rich exotic states: Glueballs and hybrids

Probes for Physics beyond the Standard Model D-mixing, CP Violation, rare D decays

Possible additions to Run Plan ’ spectroscopy, threshold, c threshold, R scan


The Cornell Electron Storage Ring

EBEAM= 1.5 – 5.6 GeV

12 additional wigglers to improve transverse cooling


CESR-c

CESR: L((4S)) = 1.3.1033 cm -2 s-1

3.64.1 GeV3.03.77 GeV2.03.1 GeV

L(1032 cm-2 s-1 ) s

CESR-c:

One day scan of ’:

Expected machine performance: Ebeam ~ 1.2 MeV at J/

L ~ 1.1030

(~BES)

Ebeam

(nb)

J/ J/


The CLEO-c Detector

SC quad pylon

Magnet iron

Muon chambers

Superconducting Solenoid coil

Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectorBarrel calorimeter

Endcap calorimeter

Iron polepiece

SC quads

Rare earth quad

Drift chamberInner tracker / BeampipeRing Imaging Cherenkov

83% of 487% Kaon ID with 0.2% fake @ 0.9GeV

Muon system85% of 4for p >1 GeV

Drift chamber/ Inner tracker93% of 4p/p = 0.35% @ 1 GeVdE/dx: 5.7% p @ min-Ionizing

Cesium Iodide Calorimeter93% of 4E/E = 2% @ 1GeV = 4% @ 100MeV

Trigger - Tracks & ShowersPipelinedLatency = 2.5ms

Data AcquisitionEvent size = 25kBThruput < 6MB/s


NEW - Inner Drift Chamber

6 layers2cm < R < 12cmAll stereo300 channels

Replace Silicon Vertex Detector with Inner Drift Chamber


Run Plan CESR/CLEO

2002 – 2003

Prologue :

(3770) ~3 fb-1 ( (3770) DD)

30 million DD events, 6 million tagged D decays 310 times MARK III data

Year 1 :

Upsilon ~1-2 fb-1 each at (1S), (2S), (3S), and (5S)

Spectroscopy, matrix elements, ee, b, hc Last run of CLEO III @ (5S) on March 3rd 2003

Year 2 :s ~ 4140 MeV ~3 fb-1

1.5 million DsDs events, 0.3 million tagged Ds decays 480 times MARK III data, 130 times of BES data

Year 3 :(3100) ~1 fb-1

1 billion J/ decays 170 times MARK III data, 20 times BES II data

CLEO-c


CLEO-c Signature(3770) events are simpler than (4S) events!

(4S) event (3770) event

D0K-+ D0 K+e-

The demands of doing physics in the 3 - 5 GeV range are easily met by the existing detector

BUT B factories: 400 fb-1 ~500M cc by 2005 What is the advantage of running at threshold?

• Charm events produced at threshold are extremely clean

• Large cross section, low multiplicity

• Pure initial state: no fragmentation

• Signal/Background is optimum at threshold

• Double tag events are pristine These events are the key to make absolute BR measurements

• Neutrino reconstruction is clean

• Quantum coherence aids D mixing & CP violation studies


Precision Flavor PhysicsGoal for the decade:

High precision measurements of all CKM matrix elements & associated phases – over-constrain the “Unitary Triangles” Inconsistencies New Physics !

Vub / Vub= 17% 5%l-B

D K

Bd

Vus / Vus = 1%

Kl-

Vud / Vud = 0.1% e-

p

n

tb

W

l-D

l- B

l-

D

Vcd / Vcd = 7% 1.7%

Vtb / Vtb = 29%Vts / Vts = 39% 5%Vtd / Vtd = 36% 5%

Vcb / Vcb = 5% 3%Vcs/Vcs=11% 1.6%

Bd Bs Bs

Many experiments will contribute: CLEO-c will enable precise 1st column unitarity test & new measurements at B-Factories/Tevatron to be translated into greatly improved CKM precision

CKM Matrix Current Status:


Absolute Charm Branching Ratios

Monte CarloD- tag

D+ K- + +

Double tag technique:Almost zero background in hadronic tag modes

Measure absolute B(D X) with double tags

B = # of X

# of D tags

CLEO-cPDG

6,000

60,000

53,000

Double tags

3

3

3

L (fb-1)

1.9254140Ds

0.77.23770D+ K- + +

0.62.43770D0 K- +

B / B (%)sDecay

CLEO-c: potential to set absolute scale for all heavy quark measurements

50 pb-1 ~1,000 events x2 improvement (stat) on D+ K- + + PDG B/B


Comparison: B Factories & CLEO-c

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Error (

%)

Monte Carlo

CLEO-c

Ds

CLEO: fDs: Ds* Ds with Ds

M = M() – M() / GeV

bkgd CLEO-c 3 fb-1

PDGB Factory 400 fb-1

Statistics limited

Systematics & Background limited

fD fDs

B(D+ K)

B(Ds )

B(D0

K)

Error (%)


Semileptonic Decays |VCKM|2 |f(q2)|2

d/dp

d/dp

p

p

First time measurement of complete set of charm PS PS & PS V absolute form factor magnitudes and slopes to a few % with almost no background in one experiment

Stringent test of theory!

CLEO-c

Monte Carlo

Lattice

D0 l

D0 l

Emiss - Pmiss

Monte Carlo

D0 Kl

D0 l

Tagged Events & Low Bkg


CLEO-c Impact on Semileptonic B/B

0102030405060708090

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Decay modes

Erro

r (%

)

1: D0 K- e+

2: D0 K*- e+

3: D0 - e+

4: D0 - e+

5: D+ K0 e+

6: D+ K*0 e+

7: D+ 0 e+

8: D+ 0 e+

9: Ds K0 e+

10: Ds K*0 e+

11: Ds e+ CLEO-c will make significant improvements in the precision with which each absolute charm semileptonic branching ratio is known!

CLEO-c

PDG


Determining Vcs and Vcd

Combine semileptonic and leptonic decays – eliminating VCKM

(D+ l ) / (D+ l ) independent of Vcd

Test rate predictions at ~4% level

(Ds l ) / (Ds l ) independent of Vcs

Test rate predictions at ~4.5% level

Test amplitudes at 2% level

Stringent test of theory - If theory passes test …

D0 K- e+ Vcs/Vcs = 1.6% (now: 11%)

D0 - e+ Vcd/Vcd = 1.7% (now: 7%)

Use CLEO-c validated lattice to calculate B semileptonic form factor Then B factories can use B ///lfor precise Vub determination.


CLEO-c Physics ImpactCrucial Validation of Lattice QCD: Lattice QCD will be able to calculate with accuracies of 1 - 2%. The CLEO-c decay constant and semileptonic data will provide a “golden” & timely test . QCD & charmonium data provide additional benchmarks.

World Average

~2005

(excluding CLEO-c)

World Average

withCLEO-c

Assumes theory errors reduced by x2

Theory errors = 2%


CLEO-c Physics Impact• Knowledge of absolute charm branching fractions is now contributing significant errors to measurements involving b’s. CLEO-c can also resolve this problem in a timely fashion.• Measuring the relative strong phase between D0K*+K- and D0 K*-K+ is crucial to determining angle with B KD0, D0 K*K

• Improved knowledge of CKM elements, which is now not very good

1.7%

7%

Vcd

1.6%

11%

Vcs

3%

5%

Vcb

5%

17%

Vub

5%5%

39%36%

VtsVtdPDG

CLEO-c Data and

LQCD

B Factory/Tevatron Data & CLEO-c

Lattice Validation

• The potential to observe new forms of matter – glueballs & hybrids – and new physics – D mixing / CP Violation / rare decays – provides a discovery component to the CLEO-c research program.


fDs from Absolute B(Ds +)

Monte Carlo

DS tag

DS

|fD|2

|VCKM|2• Measure absolute

B(DS )

• Fully reconstruct one D (tag)

• Require one additional charged track and no additional photons

• Compute MM2

• Peaks at zero for DS

+ +decay

• Expect resolution of ~O(M)

Vcs (Vcd) known from unitarity to 0.1% (1.1%)

CLEO-cPDG

3

3

3

L (fb-1)

3770

4140

4140

Energy (MeV)

2.3ULD+ fD+

1.633Ds+ fDs

1.917Ds+ fDs

f / f (%)ReactionDecay

Constant


Open Charm ProductionThe (3770) is by far the best place to determine absolute charm branching ratios.

1984 1988 2000 2005 2010Year

MARKIII BESII BESIII Construction

BESIII Engineer &

Physics Run

CLEO-c Physics Run

8 pb-1BES II

5 pb-1CLEO III

30 fb-1

3 fb-1

9.6 pb-1

L

BES III (approved)

CLEO-c

Mark III

Experiments at (3770)

0.001

0.01

0.11

10

100

1000

10000

J/psi psi(2S) psi(3770) Ds Pairs(4100)

Family

Numb

er of

Even

t (Millio

n)

MARKIIIBESI/II

CLEO-c

BESIII


CLEO-c Probes of QCDVerify tools for strongly coupled theoriesQuantify accuracy for application to flavor physics

• and spectroscopy

Masses, spin fine structure

• Leptonic widths of S-states

EM transition matrix elements resonances done in fall 2001 - fall 2002 ~4 fb-1

DD / DsDs running in 2003 – 2004 anticipate each ~3 fb-1 J/ running in 2005 anticipate 1 billion J/

• Uncover new forms of matter – gauge particles as constituents

Glueballs G = | gg Hybrids H = | gqq

The current lack of strong evidence for these states is a fundamental issue in QCD Requires detailed understanding of the ordinary hadron spectrum in the 1.5 – 2.5 GeV mass range

Confinement, Relativistic corrections

Wave function Tech: fB,K BK fDs

Form factors

Rich calibration and testing ground for theoretical techniques apply to flavor physics

Study fundamental states of the theory


Gluonic Matter

• Many Glueball sightings without confirmation

CLEO-c 1st high statistics experiment with modern 4 detector covering the 1.5 - 2.5 GeV mass range

Radiative J/ decays are ideal glue factory anticipate 60 million J/ radiative decays

• Branching ratios of f0 triplet from WA102 (D. Barberis et al., Phys. Lett.B 479 59 (2000))

Input for glueball - scalar mixing models (F. Close et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 21 531 (2001))

)%90(05.0)1710(

')1710(

14.048.0)1710()1710(

03.020.0)1710()1710(

16.052.0)1500(

')1500(

07.032.0)1500()1500(

84.05.5)1500()1500(

21.035.0)1370()1370(

90.017.2)1370()1370(

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

clff

KKff

KKfffff

KKfff

KKff

KKff

250,000J/ f0(1710): f0(1710) KK

93,000J/ f0(1710): f0(1710)

123,000J/ f0(1710): f0(1710) +-+-

123,000J/ f0(1500): f0(1500) +-+-

CLEO-cMode

J/

c

c

X


CLEO III Running at(3770)

9.1M(2S)

1300.0 pb-1

21,300 events

= 26%B = 1.5T

Ecm – Mass(recoiling +-)

= 37%B = 1.0T

= 37%B = 1.0T

1.5M(2S)

2.7 pb-1

21,000 events

4.5k(3770)

5.2 pb-1

232 events

Calibration Modes (3770) +- J/• Data sample: 5.2 ± 0.2 pb-1

• (4.5 ± 0.4) 104 (3770) decays

• Efficiency: 37.1%

• < 4.75 events at 90% C.L.

?

Upper limit branching ratio:

B( (3770) +- J/ ) < 0.26% at 90% C.L.

BES II: B = (0.59 ± 0.26 ± 0.16)%(hep-ex/0307028)

CLEO III

+-l+l- eventsAfter cuts on M(l+l-) to make it close to M(J/ ) or M((2S))

(2S) +- (1S)

(2S) +- J/

e+e- (2S) (2S) +- J/ (3770) +- J/


Summary

•There are many new results on Heavy Flavor Spectroscopy - some come as a surprise and challenge theory - some were expected but are only now in reach of the experiment

•Many more results are to be expected because of rapidly growing data sets, new experimental efforts are starting or are being planed.

•HQET and LQCD are expected to catch up with the precision and breadth of new results.

•The Heavy Flavor Community expects major progress in the forthcoming years.


BACKUP SLIDES


Spin Parity of DsJ Mesons

adi bornheim - weizmann institute of science · charm and beauty spectroscopy at b-factories and...

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