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many leaflets can be found at:http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/docs

70 pence October 2003

Computing Service

M440

Adobe Photoshop 7.0:the basics

M440/October 2003 3

Adobe Photoshop: basic techniques

Adobe Photoshop 7.0: the basics

ContentsIntroduction ....................................................................................... 4

Lesson 1: Scanning, saving and set-up.......................................... 5

Lesson 2: Tools, palettes and the mouse ....................................... 8

Lesson 3: Selections, channels and layers .................................. 10

Lesson 4: Image size and shape ....................................................11

Lesson 5: Zooming in and out ....................................................... 12

Lesson 6: Adjusting the image ...................................................... 13

Lesson 7: Rotating the image ........................................................ 14

Lesson 8: Retouching colour ......................................................... 15

Lesson 9: Duplicating irregularly shaped elements .................... 16

Lesson 10: Making simple selections ........................................... 17

Lesson 11: Moving and duplicating selections ............................ 18

Lesson 12: Rotating a selection .................................................... 20

Lesson 13: Adjusting a selection’s opacity .................................. 21

Lesson 14: Adjusting colours and contrasts ............................... 22

Lesson 15: Adding text ................................................................... 24

Lesson 16: Using special effects filters ........................................ 25

Lesson 17: Building-up a composite image ................................. 26

Lesson 18: Storage media .............................................................. 27

Further information ......................................................................... 28

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Introduction

What is Photoshop?Adobe Photoshop is image-editing software. It allows you to transform scannedphotographs, slides and original artwork in many ways, for example, by cropping,rotation, resizing and by creating special effects using filters ranging in effect fromblurring to mosaics.

Photoshop combines a full range of painting, editing and image composition tools,sophisticated selection tools, and methods for adjusting levels of grey and colour incontinuous-tone images.

Where can I find Photoshop on a PWF Mac?Photoshop is available for use on all Macs in the Balfour Lab though only one Machas a scanner attached. In addition it is available on one Mac with a scanner attachedin each of the OSB and Phoenix User Area labs. A booking sheet on top of thoseMacs with scanners enables you to reserve the machine for a particular time and date.

Where can I find Photoshop on a PWF PC?Photshop is available for use on all PCs in the Titan Teaching Room 1, OrientalStudies Basement, Phoenix User Area and also on the scanner PC in Titan TeachingRoom 2.

Is there much difference between Photoshop on the PC andthe Mac?Photoshop looks the same whether you use it on a PC or a Mac. The “Exit”command under the File menu on a PC is renamed “Quit” on the Mac. The Macs alsoenable PC-formatted discs to be used so PC users may wish to use a Mac forPhotoshop. Note, PCs do not enable Mac-formatted discs to be used.

Short-cuts use different keys within Photoshop:

Mac - Option/Alt plus Command/z/(apple)

PC - Alt plus Control

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Lesson 1: Scanning, saving and set-upTo scan images into your computer, you need a scanner attached to your computerand scanning software installed onto your computer. Scanning software is suppliedwith the scanners, often Photoshop. You can also buy Photoshop independently.

To scan a picture1. Place the original material on the scanner glass. It should be face-down. Your

scanner manual will tell you which way round to put it.2. Launch the scanning software: Photoshop, Photo Deluxe, ScanWise, etc. If you

already have Photoshop running, you can launch the scanning package fromwithin Photoshop by choosing File > Import > and select the scanning package(eg ScanWise).

3. Your software may automatically preview (scan) your document so that itappears on the right hand side of the scan window. If not, you will need to clicka Preview button to pre-scan the document.

4. The scanning software will automatically select options for destination, imagesettings, file format, etc. You may change this if you wish from the buttons onthe left hand side of the scan window.

6. Click the Scan button.7. Save the image in the desired format (see page 7). If your scanning package was

launched from within Photoshop, your image will automatically appear in aPhotoshop window.

What scanning software is installed on the PWF Macs and PCs?Graphics; Agfa ScanWise (can also be invoked from within Photoshop)Text; TextBridge Pro (full-featured), OmniPage LE (basic, limited features)

See page 28 for details of Computing Service leaflets on using the PWF scanners.

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Scanner/Photoshop error messagesScanner could not be detected: caused by the computer powering-up before thescanner or by a poor cable connection. Shut down everything, check cables and startagain. If problems persist, contact the Helpdesk, or your local support.

Scratch disc full/clipboard full/Photoshop out of memory:1. These messages may be caused by the Clipboard being full with a large image.

To avoid this, if you Cut, Copy or Paste a large image, immediately afterwardscopy a small image twice.

2. Free-up hard disc space as Photoshop uses the hard disc as temporary storagespace. If using a Mac with OS 9 or previous,, turn Virtual Memory off andrestart the Mac. OS X manages memory in a better way so this problem is lesslikely especially if your Mac has a huge-sized hard disc.

3. With pre OS-X Mac, assign Photoshop enough memory (highlight application,choose File > Get Info > Memory and allocate at least 64Mb RAM forPhotoshop 6.0 and 128Mb if you also want to use ImageReady, Adobe’s webproduction software bundled with Photoshop 6.0).

Cannot complete the requested operation: caused by having the wrong layer “live”(for more info please see Layers page 10) or by Photoshop running out of memory(memory fragmented). If out of memory, close down and restart the computer.

SavingWork in Photoshop must be saved after every operation. It is surprising how muchspace even a quick, simple operation such as changing a background colour can takeup. Never carry out more than one operation on a file without performing a save.

Pre OS-X Macs: Virtual Memory and Scratch DiskPhotoshop is a hungry application and uses lots of computer memory (RAM). Duringeach operation it also temporarily uses empty space on the hard disc (Scratch Disk).Virtual Memory (virtual RAM) also uses empty space on the hard disc. Only enableVirtual Memory if you have lots of empty hard disc space. Real RAM is better andquite cheap to buy.

File size and resolutionBig is not always best: an A4-sized colour photo scanned at a resolution of 300 dotsper inch (dpi) takes up 28Mb! PostScript printing adds another 50% to the file size.Where will you keep it? How will you transport it? Using a lower resolution reducesthe file size. Set your resolution according to the end use of your image and outputdevice.

Screen use (eg. web page): 72dpiPosters, monochrome, line art: 100dpiColour printing in documents: 150dpiHigh quality printing/microscope enlargements: 300dpi or higher

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If you need eventual output of several images on one page, scan each as a separatefile. Then paste both images as pictures into PowerPoint, Word, PageMaker orQuark. This makes the eventual file size smaller because the “white space” aroundthe images in Word is blank whereas in Photoshop it contains information.

Always crop extraneous material from the borders of images (see page 13). If youwant a white border, copy and paste the picture into Word and then print it. (Wordignores empty white space whereas to Photoshop, every space is recorded asinformation, even if blank).

Use RGB as your colour format unless you require colour separations at printing time(in which case use CMYK). CMYK is not available in Photoshop LE, a cutdownversion of Photoshop often supplied with scanners.

File formats1 Photoshop (.psd): for “working” images in Photoshop2 TIFF: for exporting to other printing applications. (24bit colour, loss-less

compression possible, channel masks saved).3 PICT: for exporting to other printing applications (Mac only).4 JPEG: for exporting tone-based web-images. Note, JPEG compresses the file

by losing file information so file cannot be reworked.5 GIF: for exporting line-based web-images6 PNG: emerging web standard to replace JPEG and GIF but not widely used yet.6 EPS: encapsulated Postscript, for printing or inclusion in printed materials.

Configuring Photoshop on your computer• Use a computer with powerful processor, large memory and hard disc• Do not run other applications at the same time• Pre OS-X Mac:- allocate Photoshop plenty of RAM (64Mb for Photoshop only,

128Mb for Photoshop and ImageReady* to run concurrently) - only enable Virtual Memory if enough empty hard disc space.

• PCs and OS X Macs automatically set the above settings for their applications• Save after every operation in Photoshop to minimise scratch disc use

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Lesson 2: Tools, palettes and the mouse

Tools and palettesToday’s course covers those tools shown in bold type below. To use a tool,single-click it. Most tools have options, eg tool thickness and opacity can beset in the palette which runs along the top of your screen. This palettechanges according to which tool you have selected.

History paletteThe History palette keeps a step-by-steprecord of every operation you perform inPhotoshop. You can undo any number ofsteps by clicking on the white tab for which-ever change you wish to go back to.

Rectangular/elliptical marquee

Lasso (selection, as is marquee)

Crop

Healing brush

Clone stamp (duplicating items)

Eraser

Blur

Path Component Selection

Pen

Notepad

Hand

Tools

Move (layer or selection)

Magic wand (select similar pixels)

Slice

Paintbrush(drawing tool)

History

Gradient

Dodge/burn/sponge

Type (add text)

Rectangle

Eyedropper (pick a colour)

Zoom (in or out)

Foreground and

background colours

QuickMask mode

Screen modes

Jump to ImageReady mode

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Foreground and Background colourAny drawing, painting or writing tool which you use in Photoshop will usethe Foreground colour by default.Any erase operation you do in Photoshop will use the Background colour bydefault, or the original background if you hold down the Option/Alt key.

To change either the Foreground or Background colour:

1 Double-click the Foreground or Background colour box.

2 Select a different colour from the narrow vertical strip in the window.

3 Click on the shade of that colour in the large box or enter the pantone number.

Then click Okay.

The mouse

The mouse is an integral part of Photoshop and to make the most of Photoshop, usersmust be confident in their mouse use.

Mouse operations include:

Pointing - the mouse is placed over a part of an image. This is normally apre-requisite to dragging or selecting;

Selecting - after pointing, the mouse is clicked or double-clicked to select (highlight)a particular menu instruction, toolbar or part of the image;

Dragging - after pointing, the mouse button is held down while the mouse is draggedacross part of the image. Often dragging is used to move parts of the image or to draga new colour across;

Option-clicking (Mac)/Alt-clicking (PC) - the option or Alt key* is held down, themouse is then pointed at a part of the image and the mouse button is clicked once.The option key is then released. This is used with the rubber stamp tool (see page 15)to “pick up” a sample of colour for use elsewhere in the image.

*On some Mac keyboards, the option key is known as the Alt key.

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Lesson 3: Selections, Channels and LayersSelection: a selection is any highlighted area defined by a moving, broken line(“marching ants”). Selections occur when you use a selection tool (rectangular,elliptical, crop) to select parts of your image. Selections are temporary. Selectionswork on layers (see below).

Channel: all documents opened in Photoshop have one or more channels. A channelrecords information of a specific colour (eg. red, green). Most common are Bitmap(one channel in black on a transparent background which will give black on white ifprinted onto paper), RGB (three channels, Red, Green and Blue, which are overlaid togive other colours) and CMYK (four channels, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Blackwhich are also overlaid to give other colours). CMYK is not available in PhotoshopLE.

Channels can be adjusted (see 22) or switched off to create different colour effects.To switch a channel off, click the eye icon alongside the channel name in the Channelpalette.

Layers: a document usually begins with just one layer. Imagine the layer as a sheetof clear acetate with the picture printed on it. Whenever you use drawing tools orcopy and paste selections, you can choose to do this on a new layer. Gradually youcan build up a composite image (see page 26) of several layers. Clicking the eye iconalongside the layer’s name will hide that layer to give a different effect. Layers are abit like collages, they are a way of building up the picture by adding more contents toit. The order of layers can be changed by dragging layers within the Layers palette tobring some items to the front or to send others to the back.

Documents containing two or more layers are larger than one-layer documents,especially when open (see page 11) so it may be a good idea to flatten (merge) all thelayers into one when you have finished editing the document (see page 18).

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Width: 677 pixels (9.043inches)Height: 576 pixels (8

Lesson 4: Image size and shapeIt is easy in Photoshop to discover the file size, image dimensions and shape of agiven file.

The information bar1. This is found at the lower left of the image;2. The document size is show in kilobytes;3. The left number indicates the file size when closed or sent to the printer. The

right number indicates the file size when open. The numbers may be differentbecause Photoshop compresses the layers when files are either closed or printed.

Previewing the page size1. Place the pointer on the image

size box in the lower left cornerof the information bar;

2. Press the mouse button to see thePage Preview box.The inner rectangle with an Xthrough it indicates the image’sdimensions while the outerrectangle indicates the papersize.

Previewing the image size1. Position the pointer on the

information bar;2. Hold down the ALT or OPTION

key and press the mouse buttonto see the height, width, numberof channels and resolution.The box may also show thenumber of channels andresolution.



Zooming in1. Click the zoom tool from toolbox;2. Position the pointer on the centre of the

image;3. Click one or more times to zoom in on

the image.NB The Navigator palette may also be used,moving the slider to obtain the desired effect.

Zooming out1. With the zoom tool selected, hold down the option key and click the pointer in

the centre of the image one or more times.

Getting back to a 1:1 view1. Double-click the zoom tool in the toolbox.

Lesson 5: Zooming in and outZooming in gives a close up, enlarged view of the document, enabling fineadjustments to be made.Zooming out gives a reduced, fit-on-screen view of the document.

What is the current view?1. The title bar (area above the document where the document name is shown, eg

Cafe below) lists the current view. So does the bottom lefthand corner ofdocument.A 1:1 (100%) view is lifesize, 1:2 (50%) is halfsize and 2:1 (200%) is twicelifesize.



Lesson 6: Adjusting the image

Cropping the image1. Select the cropping tool (see right) from the marquee tool submenu;2. Position the pointer on the image, hold down the mouse button and drag over

the image area;3. Release the button and press the Enter/Return key.4. Save the document.

Adjusting the image size1. Choose Image Size from the Image menu;2. Change the figures in the Height and Width boxes.

The Image Size box contains two other options:

Constrain proportions: constrains the height-width ratio so that as one value isentered into either the Height or Width box, the remaining box is updated to retainthe original proportions;

Resample image: if the box is unchecked, this automatically adjusts the resolution(dpi) to match the new width and height measurements so that the file size remainsthe same. Larger width and height measurements mean lower resolution and viceversa.

Save the document when you are happy with your settings.



Lesson 7: Rotating the image

Choose Image > Rotate CanvasFrom the sub-menu choose one of: 180, 90 CW or 90 CCW degrees, Arbitrary(you specify the degrees), Flip Horizontal or Flip Vertical.

The picture will rotate accordingly.Save the document.

Above is a picture rotated through 90 CW.



Lesson 8: Retouching colourAlways work with two windows of the image open when retouching - a close up viewfor retouching, and an overall view for seeing the efects as they are applied.1. Drag the image by its title bar to one side of the screen;2. Choose Window > Documents > New Window;3. Select the zoom tool (see right) from the toolbox (or press Z on the keyboard);4. In the second view, zoom into the part for retouching;5. Resize both views if necessary: the zoomed-in view is for working, the zoomed-

out view gives you the overall perspective.

1. Select the rubber stamp tool from the toolbox (see right) or press S on thekeyboard;

2. Click the Aligned tickbox in the clone tool palette (top of screen)3. Click the Brushes tab in clone tool palette and choose brush size.

4. Working on the zoomed in view, position the pointer on the area from where thecolour is to be picked up;

5. Option-click the chosen point to set it as the sample;6. Move the pointer to the area for retouching and begin dragging the mouse to

change the image; As you move the mouse, see how the image which appearsreflects exactly where the crosshair is on the screen;

7. Repeat the sampling if you need to change your pickup point and keep your eyeon the overall view. When you are happy that it looks realistic, stop using therubber tool;

8. Close the zoomed-in view and save the document.



Lesson 9: Duplicating irregular shaped elementsBecause the rubber stamp tool picks up whatever areas it runs over, you can also useit to duplicate irregularly shaped elements in a document. Regular (square or round)objects can be selected with the selection tools (see page 17).

1. Select the rubber stamp tool (see right) or press S on the keyboard.

2. Zoom in to a 2:1 view or larger;3. Choose a large brush from Window > Brushes and click OK;4. Position the pointer on one edge of the element and option-click;5. Move the pointer to where the duplicated element is to appear;6. Begin dragging the mouse. Trace the crosshair around the edge of the element

while the rubber stamp tool which has appeared moves in synchronised mannerin the new position to create a duplicate image;

7. Release the mouse button at the end;8. Use the Eraser tool (with Alt key held down to restore original background

The image above shows the new leaf (right) appearing as the rubber stamp toolis used to duplicate the original leaf (left).



Lesson 10: Making simple selectionsPhotoshop enables selections of elliptical, rectangular and freehand shapes to bechosen. These selections can then be cut, copied, duplicated, erased, rotated, movedor pasted elsewhere. They can also have their opacity and other attributes changed.

Making a rectangular selection1. Select the marquee tool (see right) from the toolbox (or press M on the

keyboard);2. To make the selection, position the pointer in the top left corner of the part of the

image for selection;3. Drag the mouse diagonally over the required area;4. Release the mouse button.

NB The dotted white border is called the “selection border”.

Making an elliptical selection1. Select the elliptical tool (see right). This is

found by keeping the mouse button presseddown while pointing at the marquee tool and then then dragging along to theelliptical tool which appears in the submenu;

2. Drag mouse (button down) to select area.

Redrawing the selection1. Deselect the selection by clicking the mouse button outside of the selected area.

Then reselect.

Deleting the selection1. Press the backspace key. See Erasing duplicated selections (page 19) for details

on how to change the resultant background colour.



Lesson 11: Moving and duplicating selections

Cutting the selection for use elsewhere1. Choose Cut from the Edit menu.. This leaves the area empty (indicated by grey

and white pixels).

Copying the selection for use elsewhere1. Choose Copy from the Edit menu.

Pasting the selection into the new location1. Open required file if not current file;2. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. The item appears on a transparent new layer.3. Use the Move tool to position element exactly (making sure the element’s layer

is live in the layers palette first).Repeat (3) to make multiple copies of the item, each on a separate new layer.

Layers take up a lot of space so once you have finished editing, choose Image >Flatten Image to merge them into one background layer.

If you make a mistake...1. Choose Undo from the Edit menu.

Deleting a layer (containing a duplicated selection)

Drag layer to Layer Wastebin (bottom right)



Copying the selection within the same layer1. Hold down the option/alt and command keys and position the pointer on the

selection;2. Drag the selection to a new location and release the keys.This copies and pastes the selection into the existing layer. To get rid of the selectionborder, click outside of it.

Erasing duplicated selections1. Choose the eraser tool (see right) from the toolbox;2. Drag the pointer over the duplicated item. The set background colour (page 9)

appears.If you want to restore the original background image, hold down the option/altkey while dragging the pointer.

Left: erase to background colour (white) Right: erase to background (original pic)



Lesson 12: Rotating a selection1. Make a selection using the Marquee tool.

If you rotate this selection, blank space(grey and white pixels) will appear in thegaps left behind.So you may want to copy the selectioneither to a new layer (Copy, Paste) or copyit within the existing layer (alt/opt andcommand keys and drag selection) first, sothat rotating it reveals the originalbackground rather than empty space.

2. Choose Transform > Rotate from the Editmenu. Handles will appear at the corners ofthe selected area;

3. Position the pointer on a handle;

4. Drag the pointer either clockwise or anti-clockwise before releasing. The image willrotate.

Rotating a layer1. Select the whole layer, then repeat steps 2 and 3 above.

Resizing a layer’s contents1. Ensure layer is active (click layer in Layers palette)2 Draw rectangular selection around item on layer which you wan t to resize.3 Choose Edit > Transform ... Scale. Handles appear around selection.4 Drag corner handles in or out to shrink or enlarge item.5 Press Enter/Return to apply size change.6 Click outside of selection border to remove selection border.



Lesson 13: Adjusting a selection or layer’s opacity1. In the Layers palette, select the layer whih you wish to make opaque.2. Slide the Opacity slider to a new position to chage that layer’s opacity.1. Drag the image by its title bar to one side of the screen;. Choose New View Les

Duplicating a selection1. Each time you press option-command-mouse and drag the mouse, the selection

is duplicated.

Duplicating selections is useful if you want to repeat an selection several times withinone document on separate layers.

The example below showsthree duplicated selections, each pasted onto a new layer.Each layer has a different opacity.



Lesson 14 Adjusting colours and contrast

The brightness and contrast, amount of true whites and blacks in an image, can be alteredin several ways.

• The Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast panel from the Image menu. This givesblanket results across the entire image. For finer control, use one of the two methodsbelow.

• LevelsChoose Adjust ments > Levels from the Image menu.

The graph shows the range of tones, from darkest (left) to lightest (right). The left pointerindicates the point from which true black starts. All tones to the left of this point are black.The right pointer indicates the point from which pure white starts. All tones to the right ofthis point are white. The middle point indicates the mid-gray point.

So, move the left and right pointers to decrease or increase the purity of white and black,and contrast. Move the middle pointer to determine the overall brightness and darkness.

The Channels option on the Levels window also allows you to change the tones withinindividual colours (eg for RGB you will also find Red, Green and Blue channels). Thisenables you to remove or create colour casts on your documents.



Burning (to subdue highlights, make darker)

Dodging (to emphasize highlights, make lighter)1. Zoom in to a 2:1 view;2. Choose the Dodge tool from the Tools and select options from the palette;3. Position the pointer on the area for dodging, drag to lighten.NB If the tool is too thick or thin, select a different brush size from the Brushespalette.

1. Choose Burn from the Tools and select options from the palette;2. Position the pointer on the area for burning, drag to darken.

.

To adjust the colours of parts of the document, rather than the whole document, usethe tools below.

Saturation (to purify/brighten the colour) and Desaturation (todull the colour)1. Choose Sponge from the Tools and select options from the palette;2. Choose Saturate or DeSaturate from the palette;3. Drag the pointer (now a sponge icon) over the area repeatedly. Each time this is

done, the saturation increases;



Lesson 15: Adding text1. Set the foreground to the required colour for the text. (Click the Foreground

square in the toolbox and select a new colour).2. Select the type tool (see right) from the toolbox;3. Click on the part of the image where the word is to be inserted;4. Select the font, font size, attributes and alignment required from the Text

palette.

5. Type your text and it will appear on the picture.6. Click the Tick button in the Text palette to save the text..7. Save the document.

Moving textPress the command key and use the Move tool to drag the text to new position.

Deleting text1. The text is added as a Layer. To delete the text, click the Layer containing the

text from the Layers palette and choose Delete Layer from the Layer menu, ordrag the unwanted layer to the Layers palette bin.



Lesson 16: Using special effects filters1. Choose the filter required from the Filter menu;2. Choose from any options displayed in a subsequent window;3. Click the OK button.

Below, the girl’s face has been distorted by using the Distort (Pinch) filter;

What filters are available in Photoshop?Blur: Blur More, Gaussian Blur, Radial Blur, Motion Blur;

Distort: Displace, Pinch, Polar Coordinates, Ripple, Shear, Spherize, Tiwrl, Wave,ZigZag;

Noise: Add Noise, Despeckle, Dust & Scratches, Media;

Pixelate: Color Halftone, Crystallise, Facet, Fragment, Mezzotint, Mosaic,Pointillize;

Render: Colours, Difference Clouds, Lens Flare, Lighting Effects, Texture, Fill;

Sharpen: Sharpen, Sharpen Edges, Sharpen More, Unsharp Mask;

Stylize: Diffuse, Emboss, Extrude, Find Edges, Solarize, Tiles, Trace, Colour, Wind.

From left to right: Twirl, Mosaic, Solarize filters applied.



Lesson 17: Building up a composite imageEver wondered how the advertisers get shots of vehicles driving up the sides ofskyscrapers, or athletes running across the oceans?In the example below, we shall “cut out” the horse and paste him into the bottomright corner of the mountain picture.

1 Use the Lasso tool to draw around the outline of the horse - don’t worryabout getting it perfect.

2 Choose Copy from the Edit menu.3 Open the file containing the background (ie mountains).4 Choose New Layer from the Layer menu and click Okay. In the Layers

palette you will see a new blank layer as well as the background.5 Ensure the new layer is activated (highlighted black in the Layers palette).6 Choose Paste from the Edit menu - the horse will appear on the new layer.7 Use the Move tool to reposition the horse and rider optimally.

8 With the new layer activated, use the Zoom tool and Eraser tool (with optionkey held down, to restore background colour rather than white) to tidy up the“edges”.The Zoom tool enables you to enlarge the image so you can work in close-up. The Eraser tool, with a thin brush, allows you to perform precise erasuresso that the horse’s edges lose all of their original background.

9 To change the size of the horse, follow steps for Resizing Layers on page 20.9 If no further edits are required, choose Flatten Image from the Layers menu.10 Close and Save the file.



Lesson 19: Storage media

The digital images you capture can be stored on the camera memory cards oron your computer hard disc.

Once you begin building-up a library of digital images, and you want to beable to take them to bureaux or other computers, then removable storagemedia is required.

Digital images also take up a lot of space so you need to keep your computerhard disc fairly free for Photoshop to work best. (Photoshop requires lots ofempty hard disc space to utilise as temporary storage called “scratch discspace.”)

The Computing Service leaflet G81 Floppy Discs and Other RemovableStorage Media describes the different storage media available today. Thisleaflet is available from the Computing Service (second floor, CockcroftBuilding, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street) or on the web at:

http://www.cam.ac.uk/CS/Docs

Briefly, the storage mechanisms are:

1. CD: equip your computer with a CD recorder (most computers onlyhave CD readers) and record your own CDs. CD-recording softwareoften includes ability to create mini-picture catalogue for CD box frontcover.

2. DVD: similar to CD but with higher capacity. Requires DVD recorderbut can be read in ordinary CD drive.

3. External hard drive: can be plugged into other computers providedcable and software driver is compatible.

4. Zip disc: cheap and most modern Macs and PCs have zip drives.5. Tape cartridge: recommended for archival purposes only, not for

editing. Requires tape drive.

Zip and CD are currently the most popular longterm storage methods.



Further information

Photography and Illustration ServiceThis service offers a wide range of services:

• Scientific photography• Event photography• E6 (slide) and colour print processing, black and white processing• 35mm digital printing and scanning• Flatbed scanning• A4 - A0 poster production and encapsulation• Digital slide production• Encapsulation and mounting of wide variety of pictures and photos

Please contact the Unit for more details of these services:

Photography & Illustration Service,Old Exams Hall,New Museums Site,Free School Lane,Cambridge CB2 3RS.

Telephone external: 01223 334390, internal: 34390E-mail: [email protected]

Computing Service PrintroomThis service offers a variety of printing services:

• Colour and monochrome printing (A4 and A3)• Scanning (high quality OCR and graphics)• Document binding and laminating

For details, please contact:

Computing Service Reception,New Museums Site,Pembroke Street,Cambridge CB2 3QG.

Telephone external: 01223 334600, internal: 34600E-mail: [email protected]

Computing Service ReceptionVarious CD tutorials are available for loan from Sales (Cockcroft 2) and there arehandbooks available in the User Library in the Phoenix User Area. Users arereminded when scanning with Photoshop not to infringe relevant Copyright laws.

The CS also write a range of leaflets an d information sheets covering the variousoperating systems and applications used within the Computing Service. Thesedocuments are available in paper form from Reception or can be read on-line at:

http://www.cam.ac.uk/cs/docs

Leaflet number: M440.

© 2003 University of Cambridge Computing Service. May be reproduced only with permission.

The information in this document may be available in other forms. Please telephone the Information Group coordinator on 334598 or e-mail [email protected] to discuss what is available, any special requirements for presentation and how we could meet them.

University of Cambridge Computing ServiceNew Museums SitePembroke StreetCambridge CB2 3QH

tel: (01223) 334600

fax: (01223) 334679

email: [email protected]