adolf hitler revenge for germany’s defeat in wwi & treaty of versailles (which punished...
TRANSCRIPT
Adolf Hitler• revenge for Germany’s defeat in
WWI & Treaty of Versailles (which punished Germany)
• pushing east & taking over• Munich Conference – French &
British leaders met with him to discuss “peace in our time”
• appeasement =giving in to an aggressor – Hitler – to preserve peace– Hitler promised to not take over any
more land
The Fighting Begins
• Germany conquers Poland (does not stop) & WWII official starts!
• Germany (Hitler) & Russia (Stalin) agree not to fight one another and split Poland in half; Hitler lies: Nonaggression Pact
• Britain & France vow to defend Poland
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA-mkaKEqf4
Allied Powers
• Britain, France, Russia, and later U.S.
• declare war on Germany• the Big Three: Churchill (Britain),
Stalin (Russia), and later Roosevelt (U.S.)
Axis Powers
• Germany, Italy, & Japan• Hitler (Germany), Mussolini
(Italy), Emperor Hirohito (Japan), General Tojo (Japan)
Totalitarianism
• political system in which govt. controls every aspect of citizens’ lives
• denies human rights, and opposition to international law
• new form of govt. evolves around WWII– Germany & Italy
U.S. Neutrality• Americans didn’t want to fight in a
European war, even though they didn’t like Hitler (isolationism)
• Lend Lease Aid – gave financial & weaponry aid to Allied powers
• FDR wins 3rd term & assures neutrality
• U.S. pushed for peace in between WWI & WWII by supporting naval disarmament
America Enters the War
•The Battle of the Atlantic – German U-boat sank many Allied & U.S. cargo ships hurt U.S. trade
•Pearl Harbor – Japan wanted SE Asia (including Hawaii) plan to attack U.S. forces in HI & then dominate Pacific islands
•December 7, 1941 – air attack on U.S. troops
•kamikazes – crashing piloted planes into Allied ships
Mobilizing for War on the Home Front
• economy recovers from Great Depression• Production BOOMS! Building quantities of
tanks, liberty ships (carries troops & supplies), jeeps, guns, and ammo
• employment & wages increase• a move to the city life• Farmers make money again – they feed the
troops & the country• Selective Training & Service Act – draft
between 18 & 38 & deferments granted• Taxes INCREASE!
The U.S. War Effort –
Mobilizing for War
Women work in factories to cover men’s jobs
– Rosie the Riveter
• Women help in military effort– nurses – typists – military
communications
Who is stationed here? And where is this?
U.S. War Effort on the Home Front (contd.)
• Minorities – discriminated against but were granted some aid– Fair Employment Practices Committee –
prevent discrimination in war effort & govt. jobs
– Zoot suit Riots – Mexican Americans killed by U.S. sailors (believed clothing material should be used for war efforts, not personalized rebellious expression)
• Japanese American Internment Camps – forced relocation & imprisonment of Japanese Americans – Germans & Italians also but on smaller scale– happened because of fear, racism, and
protection (not extermination)
Arizona Contributions
& the War Effort
• Internment Camps = site to put “bad” civilians & forced to relocate; ex. Japanese Internment = Poston, Papago, & Gila
• Ira Hayes – Native American & Arizonan in Iwo Jima (famous picture & statue)
• Az air force bases created: Luke, Williams, & Davis-Monthan (open land for training)
• Code Talkers – Navajo radio operators – used native language as a spy language– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rSvm3m8ZUA
POW Campshttp://scribol.com/anthropology-and-history/the-bataan-
death-march-in-pictures/0
• Prisoner of War• camp for enemy combatants
captured by the enemy in time of war
• treatment should be “adequate” – lodging, food, conditions of labor
• camps for both sides (Allied & Axis)• Battaan Death March• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9f5FmSQeB4
War in North Africa - Egypt
• Afrika Korps – the Germans (headed by General Rommel) wanted the area– Why North Africa?
• Suez canal – access to trade & a vital Allied supplied route
• Middle Eastern Oil• Battle of El Alamein – fight to control Egypt;
between the British/Americans & Germans– Germans ran out of supplies (in the desert)– Allies won– Ended German hopes of occupying Egypt &
conquering distant lands
General Patton
• American tough warfare General = “Old Blood & Guts”
• brilliant, but ruthless, military leader; responsible for numerous victories http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkb71e9heDg
Iwo Jima•island located near Japan (Allies wanted for midway base)
•Bloodiest marine battle in American history
•War in the Pacific & the islands = Battle for the Pacific
•Battle of Midway – battle in the air, sinking each other’s aircraft carriers
•Guadalcanal – strategically located island in the Pacific
•Japan vs. U.S…. U.S. WINS!•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQKJY43-LmE
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZDVrkDi-8
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkSNSXbXzzA
Okinawa• Island closest to Japan• Last & biggest battle in the Pacific• 65,000 U.S. casualties (14,000 dead) in 82
days
Battle of Stalingrad
• Germany vs. Soviet Union• the fight for the Soviet Union; Soviets saved their nation• Axis Powers lost• major turning point in the war Hitler’s attempt to conquer the Soviet Union were crushed
D-Day
•Battle on the beaches of Normandy in France led by U.S. General Eisenhower; marked the beginning of the end of WWII•June 6, 1944, 150,000 Allied soldiers swarmed the beaches•Allied warships tried to protect them with gunfire•Heavy resistance by German forts •fight to take France back from Germany•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMy1ZLyaSqkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzRiiM9dThA&list=PL7fEBIe2EoiPXtsWyJg5q5FDabJF309tq•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82RTzi5Vt7w
The Battle of the Bulge
•the last major German offensive attack in Belgium•77,000 U.S. casualties but U.S. prevailed•ended Germany’s ability to wage offensive war
FDR – 4th term & death
• 1932 -1945 = Presidential term• died from brain hemorrhage right
before atomic bomb dropping• VP Harry Truman succeeded
the Atomic Bomb
•the Manhattan Project – Allied scientists working on a secret program to create bomb; led by Oppenheimer•Japan refused the Allies’ demands for an unconditional surrender = Postdam Conference (ultimatum) •U.S. President Truman used the bomb •Why did Truman do it?
to save American lives and shorten the war
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN_MeeNw6_s
the Atomic Bomb (contd.)• Hiroshima – Enola Gay, B-29 bomber,
dropped the bomb on the Japanese city; “Little Boy”– killed between 70,000 – 80,000 people in
an instant; 140,000 died over the next few months
– 1,000s more died because of serious burns and radiation poisoning
• Nagasaki – 2nd bomb dropped; “Fat Man”– killed roughly 40,000 people in an instant; 80,000
casualties over the next few months– Japan finally surrendered
• Almost a 3rd bomb was dropped, finally Emperor Hirohito surrendered
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6m77C8gOl0• (Hiroshima: BBC History of WWII)
The Costs of WWII• approximately 50 million
people died (more than ½ civilians)
• U.S. economy better than ever (war not fought on American soil = no devastation). But U.S. had to give LOTS of aid!
• Devastated countries: China, Poland, the Soviet Union, Germany, Japan, and European nations– food shortages,
disease, homelessness, malnutrition
– ancient buildings ruined
the Holocaust
•Hitler & the Nazis attempt to exterminate the Jews (genocide)•Working camps (Dachau) vs. Death camps (Auschwitz)
•gas chambers & furnaces•“Final solution” = 6 million Jews were killed
The Birth of Israel
• creation of a Jewish homeland• UN ordered Palestine be divided
into 2 states – one Arab, one Jewish• took Palestinians home… still
angry to this day
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwdP4gFP98w
The War Crimes Trials
• Allies will hold these in Nuremberg, Germany… Nuremberg trials
• held to try Nazi leaders for crimes against humanity– 21 Nazi leaders found guilty, 12
put to death
Post WWII• GI Bill – Congress passed this law to help the
transition from military to civilian life & provide former soldiers an education, loans for houses, farms, & businesses
• does NOT guarantee vet they will get their old job back
Post WWII
• Yalta Conference – the Big 3 met at Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar world– met before Hiroshima
• meeting supported:– creation of a world peacekeeping
organization (the United Nations) 50 nations met in San Francisco in 1945 &
– a democratic governments in Axis controlled nations…
• Stalin did not honor agreements (ex. Poland) the Cold War
The Cold War… the beginning
• 2 major world powers after WWII:– U.S.– Soviet Union
• “Cold War” – the 2 nations’ struggle for global power
The End
• Hitler committed suicide• Mussolini (beaten by his
own people) & Tojo hanged (tried to commit suicide)
• Emperor Hirohito surrendered
SUMMARY
• QUIZ TIME
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Wc5M-g1wOs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAOIseIomvw
• 1. Name the conference the Allies had with Hitler in order to appease his rule and allowed him to stay in power without a world war.
• 2. World War II started when Germany invaded what country?
• 3. Name the three Axis powers.
• 4. What event led America to enter the war?
• 5. Name an Arizona location where Japanese Americans were held during the war.
• 6. Which group of people were a major contributing factor to winning the war because the Japanese could not understand what these people were saying?
• 7. What is the bloodiest American Marine battle ever?
• 8. Which battle was THE turning point in the war which led to the Germans retreating back to their home country?
• 9. What was the name of the secret operation to build an atomic bomb?
• 10. What meeting ended World War II but initiated the Cold War?