adolf hitler: the rise to power
DESCRIPTION
This presentation chronicles Hitler's rise to power through his early involvement with the National Socialist German Worker's Party, the Beer Hall Putsch, his imprisonment, writing of "Mein Kampf" and being appointed chancellor of Germany.TRANSCRIPT
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Adolf Hitler Part II:The Rise to Powerand the birth of Nazi Germany (1919-1933)
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German Worker’s Party
Founded in Munich in 1919 by Anton Drexler, a railway tool maker
Party was like a union that would fight for the rights of low-level German workers
Other prominent members Gottfried Feder, engineer Dietrich Eckhart, journalist and philosopher Karl Horrer, educator and professor Ernst Roehm, government official Adolf Hitler, propaganda and recruiting chairman
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Hitler rises to the top
In a very short time, Hitler would rise to the top of the chain
By 1920, the German Worker’s Party was ended by Drexler, and a new party sprung up to take its place
New party formed by Hitler called: National Socialist German Worker’s Party Party name was shortened by newspaper writers to
N.A.Z.I The ideas put forth by this party strayed away
from the original goal of helping workers
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Nazi’s 25-point program
Summary: Nationalistic (only “true” Germans can
join) Anti-capitalism (big businesses become
part of the state) Militaristic (demanded formation of a
national army) Anti-Communist (wanted a strong middle
class and large land ownership)
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Summary continued…
Aryanism (German blood is supreme to all others)
Anti-Semitism (No Jew could be a member of the party or citizen of the state)
German Self-Determination (Destroy the Versailles Treaty and everything it stands for)
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Sturmabteilung (S.A)
Nazi Party’s Private Army Outfitted with brown shirts, brown
belts, and red Swastika armbands Unarmed Monitored Nazi rallies and disrupted
rallies of enemy parties Organized and led by Captain Ernst
Roehm
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Schutzstaffel (S.S)
Formed from within the S.A Personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler
(now known as “The Fuhrer”) Outfitted with brown shirts and black
ties Organized and led by Heinrich
Himmler Would very soon become more
powerful and dangerous than the S.A
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Weimar Republic in 1923
Facing economic crisis because they are trying to fulfill the strict demands of the Versailles Treaty
Recovering from many failed takeovers
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The Beer Hall Putsch
Putsch: a revolt led against a government
Began in a beer hall with a powerful speech given by Hitler
Modeled after Mussolini’s March on Rome (We’ll learn about him next week)
Objective: to seize the government headquarters in Bavaria and march toward Berlin, and essentially, take over the German government
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Beer Hall Putsch continued… Putsch fails because several men Hitler
counted on turned on him, the main traitor being Otto von Lossow
WWI pilot ace Hermann Goring was involved on the side of the Nazi’s, and is seriously wounded
Result: Hitler is arrested and sentenced to five years
Trial is public and Hitler’s defense inspires sympathy
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“Mein Kampf”
Hitler’s autobiography and political plan written while in prison
Title is German for “My Struggle” Considered his prison sentence to be
a very important part of his development in life
His time in prison gave party officials the chance to reorganize and come back stronger when he is released
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Highlights of “Mein Kampf” “The great masses of the people will more easily fall victim to a
big lie than to a small one.”
“The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.”
“Any alliance whose purpose is not the intention to wage war is senseless and useless.”
“Armies for the preservation of peace do not exist; they exist only for the triumphant exertion of war.”
“Was there any form of filth , particularly in cultural life, without at least one Jew involved in it? If you cut even cautiously into such an abscess, you found, like a maggot in a rotting body, often dazzled by the sudden light - a Jew!”
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“Mein Kampf” Continued “There must be no majority decisions, but only
responsible persons, and the word 'council' must be restored to its original meaning. Surely every man will have advisers by his side, but the decision will be made by one man.”
“Their sword will become our plow, and from the tears of war the daily bread of future generations will grow.”
“By the skillful and sustained use of propaganda, one can make a people see even heaven as hell or an extremely wretched life as paradise.”
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“Mein Kampf” Continued
“Demoralize the enemy from within by surprise, terror, sabotage, assassination. This is the war of the future.”
“The winner will never be asked if he told the truth. ”
“To conquer a nation, first disarm its citizens.”
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“He alone who owns the youth, gains the future.”
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Weimar Republic in 1932
Nazi Party is now largest in the German government (building called Reichstag)
Wealthy people fear a Communist Revolution, and the Nazis are seen as a good party
The value of German money (the mark) is worthless
Economy is struggling because of a worldwide great depression
President of Republic, Paul Von Hindenberg, appoints Hitler to the position of Chancellor of Germany
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Hitler’s Release
Release from prison transformed the party, which now had new goals and aims Reorganized: party would have groups
all over Germany, with new youth movements
Reenergized: Hitler back in charge Refocused: Mein Kampf would become
their bible New slogan: “Germany Awake!”
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The Enabling Act (1933)
Allows the government to “remove the distress of the people” Anyone see a problem with the wording
of this law? Hitler uses this to take over (or
subvert) the Weimar Republic
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The End of the Weimar Republic
Gets rid of all political parties except Nazis Puts anti-Jewish laws in place Places political opponents in concentration
camps Begins to terrorize the people with the Gestapo
(or S.S) Controls public information through propaganda Intimidates the Catholic Church Gets rid of the S.A and murders Ernst Roehm Rearms Germany by giving weapons to the
soldiers and allowing factories to go back into production
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