adrenal gland the hilus is where nerves and vessels as well as the ureter enter and/or exit
TRANSCRIPT
Adrenal gland
The hilus is where nerves and vessels as well as the ureter enter and/or exit
CortexRenal capsule
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE KIDNEYS
RENAL PAPILLA
Papilla is where urine enters the major calyx
Arcuate a.
Interlobular a.
Arcuate v.
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending tubule
Loop of Henle
Ascending tubule
Collecting duct
Cells of PCT are cuboidal with microvilli. Cells of DCT have little or no microvilli. The purpose of microvilli is is to increase surface area for diffusion of a large quantity of water. Distally, there is very little excess water left.
VOLUMES
ALL VOLUMES ARE PER MINUTE 1200cc Blood filtered 125 cc of filtrated enters PCT 124 cc reabsorbed in PCT 1cc urine formed Therefore, about 1% of filtrate becomes urine
REABSORPTION-SECRETION PCT – 100cc water reabsorbed, glucose,
amino acids, Na+, Vitamin C Descending loop – water reabsorbed Ascending loop – Na+, Cl- reabsorbed, H+,
K+ secreted (moves from capillary to tubule) DCT – water, Ca++, Na+, PO4 (phosphate) (controls blood pressure)
CONTENT OF URINE
Urea, uric acid, creatinine, water, small amounts of sodium, chloride and potassium, amino acids, hormones, minerals and much more.
NOT FOUND (in healthy individuals) RBCs or WBCs, protein, glucose
DISEASES
Infection of the renal pelvis (calyces) is called pyelitis. Probably caused by bacteria from the anus or blood-borne.
Prosthatic hyperplasia – causes urinary retention mainly in the elderly
Kidney stones – renal calculi caused by inc. Ca++, bacterial infection or dehydration
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
Look at the left side of the slide and notice the visceral and parietal layer (in the form of podocytes) of Bowman’s Capsule. Also look at the capillaries within the capsule.
The other white areas are most likely proximal convoluted tubules.
Interlobar a.
Arcuate a.
Interlobular a.
Afferent a.
AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES The upper portion of the slide where the
arcuate arteries are and you may notice interlobar arteries coming up (on the right), then efferents.
Bowman’s capsule
Interlobular a.
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
GLOMERULI
This slide is stained with India ink. Notice the glomeruli and collecting ducts
Parietal layer of Bowman’s cap. Made of simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer (podocytes)
filtrate
Capillary bed
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
A very close shot of the visceral and parietal layers . You can see the capillaries and the space where the filtrate is squeezed out, and then moving to the proximal convoluted tubules.
Parietal layer of Bowman’s cap. Made of simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer (podocytes)
filtrate
Capillary bed
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Proximal convoluted tubule
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Proximal convoluted tubule
AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES On the left is either an afferent or efferent
arteriole. It is very rare to find a good slide like this
PCT
Notice the “brush border” on the PCT Brush border is a name given prior to
advanced microscopy. They are now known to be microvilli
100ml of water needs to be reabsorbed here per minute! That’s why the surface area needs to be increased
PCT
Closer view
LOOP OF HENLE
Beautiful and rare longitudinal view of the loop of Henle
COLLECTING DUCT
CROSS SECTION OF COLLECTING DUCT