adrian jensen, eit, sr. staff mechanical engineer femap ...Β Β· explict:f=ma+cv+ku and solve for...
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Unrestricted Β© Siemens AG 2014
FEMAP SYMPOSIUM 2014
Discover New Insights Femap Symposium 2014
May 14-16, Atlanta, GA, USA
Femap and LS-DYNA: Rocket
Science Made Easy
George Laird, Ph.D., P.E., Principal Mechanical Engineer
Adrian Jensen, EIT, Sr. Staff Mechanical Engineer
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Agenda LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture for FEA
β’ Focus of Presentation
(Abstract)
β’ Why Explicit
β’ Implicit versus Explicit
β’ Element Quality is Paramount
β’ Building LS-DYNA Models
β’ Best Practices
β’ LS-DYNA Unified Solver
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Femap + LS-DYNA:
Rocket Science Made Easy
ABSTRACT
LS-DYNA is well-known in the world of transient, dynamic nonlinear
analyses but is often perceived as a difficult code to use on a daily basis
for general implicit-type work that more standard implicit codes have
dominated for years. To address this perception gap, this paper
demonstrates how easily Femap can be used to drive LS-DYNA in the
solution of simple linear static analyses all the way to the most complex
simulations involving aviation seats and satellites. Along the way, the
capabilities of Femap and LS-DYNA will be showcased to show how
one analysis package can solve problems from rigid-body dynamics to
normal modes analysis (PSD) to complete system level models. Case
studies will be used to highlight the effectiveness of this combination.
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2014-05-15 Page 4
Why Explicit?
LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture
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Explicit Solves Where Implicit Canβt
Femap FEA Model FEA + LS-DYNA Model Validation is Gold
16g Seat Crash Test
TSO-C127a / SAE AS8049A / 14 CFR Part 25.562
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Explicit Solves Where Implicit Canβt
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Explicit Solves Where Implicit Canβt
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Explicit Solves Where Implicit Canβt
Cargo Net Development
Impact Analysis
Impact of Plastic Foams
Plastic Thread Design
Modal Analysis
Digger Tooth Failure Simulation
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2014-05-15 Page 9
Explicit Solves Where Implicit Canβt
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2014-05-15 Page 10
Implicit versus Explicit?
LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture
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Implicit versus Explicit
Explicit only works when there is acceleration (dynamic) whereas an implicit approach can solve the dynamic
and the static problem. For dynamic problems, this means that we are solving the following equation:
πππ + ππ£π + πππ = ππ
where n=time step. A common terminology is to call the πππ part the internal force in the structure. The basic
problem is to determine the displacement at some future time or ππ+1, at time π‘π+1.
In conceptual terms, the difference between Explicit and Implicit dynamic solutions can be written as:
πΈπ₯ππππππ‘: ππ+1 = π ππ, π£π, ππ, ππβ1, π£πβ1, β¦
All these terms are known at time state βnβ and thus can be solved directly .
For implicit, the solution depends on nodal velocities and accelerations at state n+1, quantities which are
unknown:
πΌπππππππ‘: ππ+1 = π π£π+1, ππ+1, ππ, π£π, β¦ .
Given these unknowns, an iterative solution at each time step is required.
Explicit is fast since it is a direct linear algebra calculation to arrive at all quantities for the future time. It also
means that you canβt jump very far ahead. Implicit, you have to calculate future entities and requires a
decomposition of the stiffness and mass matrices β pain in the ass and slow. But one can use large steps.
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Implicit versus Explicit
Explicit: Direct β No Iteration Implicit: Matrix Algebra & Iteration
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Implicit versus Explicit: Explicit Time Step
Explict: F = ma + cv + ku and solve for π’π+1 = π π’π , π£π , ππ , π’πβ1, π£πβ1, β¦
(no F = Ku solution with π’ = π π since there is no mass)
πΆπ΄ππππ’π π‘πππππ£ππππππ =πΈπππ‘πππππ
ππππ‘πππππ
βπΈπ₯ππππππ‘πππππ π‘ππ =πΏππππ‘βπΈππππππ‘
πΆπππ£ππ ππππ=
1"
11,400 πππ»= 5.0π₯10β6second
CAluminum =
10e6(1 β 2)
2.75x10β4= 11,400 mph
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Implicit versus Explicit
Thoughtful Application Helps a Lot
Standard Mesh: Solution Controlled
by Misc. Small Elements Better Hex Mesh & 3x Faster
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Implicit versus Explicit
Mass Scaling
βMesh Controlsβ but there are tricks: Mass Scaling & CPU Scaling
Anytime you add nonphysical mass to increase the
timestep in a dynamic analysis, you affect the results
(think of F=ma).
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Implicit versus Explicit
Donβt Fear the Explicitβ¦β¦
Standard Linear Implicit Explicit / Implicit Explicit
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The Importance of Mesh
LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture
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The Importance of Mesh Quality
Classic Explicit
Clean, Mapped Mesh
Classic Implicit
Random Element Shapes
β’ Explicit propagates at the speed of sound
o Mapped mesh provides greater confidence
o Typically worth the effort to spend time on mastering the quad and hex meshing techniques
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The Importance of Mesh:
Looks Ainβt Everything
Explicit Elements Use 1-Point Guass Integration (default)
β’ Explicit can be very sensitive to
mesh density due to element
formulation and nonlinear effects
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The Importance of Mesh:
A Couple of Bad Elements Can Kill You
Bad Elements Can Generate Interesting results
β’ Solution stability can be affected by bad elements
β’ Femap provides Explicit Time Step checking
β’ Time spent up-front typically pays dividends
β’ Explicit contains more physics and it helps to
understand them in debugging
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Building LS-DYNA Models in
Femap
LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture
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Building LS-DYNA Models
Render Unto Caesarβ¦β¦.
Airplane Seat 16g Sled Test with ATD
β’ Build model in Femap
o Check Explicit Time Step
o Add Contacts
o Material Laws
o Perform FEA checks (component masses)
β’ Add anthropomorphic test device
o Leverage LS-PrePost Dummy Positioning
o Create *Include file and add to Femap
β’ Post Process in LSPP
o Fast
o Extensive support of results files and cross-plotting
o Tracking ability for objects that move
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Building LS-DYNA Models
Glue the Un-Hexable and Tet the Restβ¦.
Femap Fully Supports Axisymmetric
(super sweet for seal analysis)
Viscoelastic Plastics and Seal Design
β’ Hex mesh is more robust
o Gluing between hex regions
o Easy within Femap
β’ Four-Node Tetrahedrals
o Tet Growth Ratio = 1.0
o ELFORM=13
β’ Full Contact / Full Nonlinear
o Material Stress/Strain Curves
o Femap base material support
o Robust model setup for quick runs
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Building LS-DYNA Models
Be Economicalβ¦..and Play Chess Hex
Blade-Out Containment
β’ Turbine Blade Hexed
o Complex Hexing in Femap
β’ Model Organization
o LS-DYNA likes Properties
o Contact based on Properties
β’ Implicit Spin Up
o Femap verification - Static
β’ Implicit / Explicit Switching
o Femap base material support
o Robust model setup for quick runs
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Building LS-DYNA Models
Leverage the Complete Toolbox
Bird-Strike (FEA + SPH)
β’ Build in Femap
o RBE2 to CNRB
o Composite to *PART_COMPOSITE
o Model Checkout
β’ LSPP for SPH
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Best Practices
LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture
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Best Practices
No Substitute for Organic Learning β Get On-Line and Ramp Up
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Best Practices
No Substitute for Organic Learning
Our LS-DYNA Class Notes Are Open to Femap Clients
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Best Practices
No Substitute for Organic Learning
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Best Practices
Attend Classes and Conferences β Networking is Awesome
Visit
Predictive Engineering
at Booth 300
We will be presenting papers on
DEM and SPH Methods
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LS-DYNA Implicit and Multi-Physics
LS-DYNA: Unified Numerical Architecture
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LS-DYNA:
Unified Numerical Architecture for Everything
LS-DYNAβs Objective is MPP for Every Discipline
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LS-DYNA: One Code Strategy
Unified Numerical Architecture for Everything
βCombine the Multi-Physics Capabilities into One Scalable Code for Solving
Highly Nonlinear Transient Problems to Enable the Solution of Coupled
Multi-Physics and Multi-Stage Problemsβ
Implicit Capabilities (partial list) Static and Dynamic Linear and Nonlinear Analysis
Normal Modes Analysis and Flexible Body Analysis
Frequency Domain Analysis, Response Spectrum, PSD, NVH, Fatigue
Acoustic Analysis (BEM Method and FEM)
Explicit Capabilities (partial list) o Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis and Rigid Body Dynamics
o FSI with ALE or CFD (compressible / incompressible solvers)
o DEM, SPH, EFG, Electromagnetism, Optimization, Topology
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LS-DYNA: One Code Strategy
Unified Numerical Architecture for Everything
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LS-DYNA: Unified Solver Capabilities
LS-DYNAβs Objective is MPP for Every Discipline: Implicit Mechanics
CPU Scaling Normal Modes / PSD
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LS-DYNA: Unified Solver Capabilities
Strong Coupling Between DEM and FEA
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LS-DYNA: Unified Solver Capabilities
FSI with ALE (short duration / explicit) and CFD (long duration / implicit)
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Predictive Engineering, Inc.
George Laird, Ph.D., P.E.
Principal Mechanical Engineer
Adrian Jensen, BSME, EIT
Sr. Mechanical Engineer
Predictive Engineering, Inc.
2505 SE 11th, Suite 310
Portland, OR 97202-1063
Phone: +01 (503) 206-5571
Mobile: +01 (503) 201-2688
E-mail:
Located in Portland, OR