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VI EW OF AN

Brenda Hoddinott

U-04 ADVANCED: FACES & FIGURES

In this project you explore the basic shapes of a shoulder,

arm, and hand, and then add graduated shading with hatching

and crosshatching to illustrate their three dimensional forms.

Skills incorporated into this lesson include: identifying

accurate proportions, drawing with contour lines, and adding

graduated values with hatching and crosshatching.

This project is divided into two sections:

OUTLINING SHAPES: You visually identify andsketch the exterior shapes and forms of a shoulder, arm,

and hand, as defined by bones, fat, and muscles.

DEFINING FORMS WITH SHADING: You identifywhere the highlights and the light and dark values are

located, and use hatching and crosshatching torealistically illustrate the various forms.

Suggested supplies include 2H, HB, 2B, 4B and 6B pencils,

vinyl and kneaded erasers, pencil sharpener, sandpaper block,

and good quality drawing paper, such as smooth hot-pressedwatercolor paper.

9 PAGES - 17 I LLUSTRATI ONS

This lesson is recommended for artists with advanced drawing skills and considerable

experience with hatching and crosshatching. The curriculum of this lesson is easilyimplemented into instructional programs for home schooling, academic and recreational

learning environments.

Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada - 2007

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Copyright to al l articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used forany commerc ia l purposes whatsoever wi thout the wr i t ten permiss ion of Brenda Hoddinot t .

E-mai l bhoddinot t@hoddinot t .com Web sites ht tp: / /www.f inearteducat ion.com an d http: / /www.drawspace.com

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FIGURE 4-02FIGURE 4-01

OUTLI NI NG SHAPES

Every artist who aspires to include people in his or her drawings needs to become proficient in

drawing the various components of human anatomy.

Arms come in many shapes

and sizes, from the shortchubby arms of a tiny infant

to the long, well-defined,

muscular arms of an athleticadult. This lesson focuses on

the arm of an adult male with

highly defined anatomical

forms.

1) Use a ruler to outline along thin rectangular

drawing space, 2 by 8inches.

2) Add three horizontallines to divide the

rectangle into four

squares, 2 by 2 inches.

3) Lightly sketch theoutlines of the

individual shapes of

the shoulder in thefirst square.

Refer to Figure 4-01.

Visually measure the

proportions, how largeor small some parts are

when compared to

others.

4) Outline the upper armin the second square.


5) Add a line to mark theedge of the tiny section

of the body on the

right.
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FIGURE 4-03 FIGURE 4-04

FIGURE 4-05

6) Add the outline of thelower section of the

arm.


Most of the lower

section of the arm fallswithin the third square.

7) Outline the mainsection of the hand in

the fourth square.


8) Add the thumb andfingers.


9) Sketch an oval-shapeto mark the location of

the form of the side of

the hand.

10) Erase the horizontal grid lines (Refer to Figure 4-06).11) Lighten all your sketch lines with your kneaded eraser, until they are very faint.

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FIGURE 4-07FIGURE 4-06

FIGURE 4-08

12) Neatly outline the shapeof the arm and its

various forms in more

detail.

Refer to Figures 4-06 to

4-10. Use the roughsketch only as a

guideline. Very few ofthe sketch lines will be

the same as this outline.

The shapes inside the

outlines of the arm markthe locations of the forms

of muscles and bones.

As you draw, examine

the:

lengths of the lines

various directions inwhich the lines curve

proportions of the

various parts to one

another

At this point you can either leave the rough sketchlines visible, or you can carefully erase them.

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FIGURE 4-11FIGURE 4-09 FIGURE 4-10

13) Lighten your lines again with your kneaded eraser, as in Figure 4-11.

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FIGURE 4-12

FIGURE 4-13

Practice drawingshoulders, arms,

and hands from

real life every

chance you can.

If your friends

and family begin

running awaywhen you

approach them

with your

drawingsupplies, you can

always draw

your own.Set up yourdrawing

materials in front

of a large mirror,and draw your

shoulders, arm,

and hand fromvarious angles.

DEFI NI NG FORMS WI THSHADI NG

You need to be able to visually identify the exteriorshapes and forms of a shoulder, arm, and hand, as

defined by bones, fat, and muscles before you can drawthem realistically.

14) Use hatching lines and 2H and HB pencils toshade the light and medium values of the

shoulder, arm, and hand.

Before you begin, examine Figures 4-12 and 4-13,

and visually locate the highlights (left the white ofthe paper), and the light and medium values.

Take note of how progressions of graduated

values from dark to light or from light to darkrealistically illustrate the various forms.

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FIGURE 4-15

FIGURE 4-14

By emphasizing the more

complicated parts of a human body thatcharacterize movement, (such as the

elbow and wrist) with detailed, high

contrast shading, they become important

points of interest.

15) Use crosshatching and 2B and 4Bpencils to build up the darker values

to further accentuate the forms.

Crosshatching lines beautifully illustrate

anatomical forms. Refer to Figures 4-14,

4-15, and 4-16.

Ive added dark lines around the edges of theshoulder, arm, and hand to exaggerate their

shapes. Naturally there are no such outlines in

real life, so feel free to leave them out.

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FIGURE 4-16 FIGURE 4-17

16) Take a fewminutes to

compare your

drawing to

mine (Figures

4-16 and 4-

17), fix any

areas that

youre not

happy with,

and sign your

name!

CHALLENGE

Becoming familiarwith how individual

parts of bodies connect to one another helps you draw the

human figure more realistically. Drawing from life is thebest possible way to develop strong skills in this integral

aspect of human anatomy.

Find a willing model to pose for you or set up your

drawing materials in front of a mirror and use yourself asa model. First of all, draw the shoulder and upper arm

paying special attention to the sections where they seem

to join. Next do a drawing of the elbow showing how itconnects the upper and lower arm. Finally, sketch a hand

and lower arm, with a focus on the wrist, which connects

the arm to the hand.

Dont worry if your drawings look all wrong at first. Justdo your best and in time, you will get better! There are

only three ways to improve your drawing skills

Practice, practice and more practice!

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Brenda Hoddinot t

As a self-educated teacher, visual artist, portraitist, forensic artist, and illustrator, Brenda utilizes

diverse art media including graphite, technical pen, colored pencil, chalk pastel, charcoal, cont

crayon, and oil paints.

My philosophy on teaching art is to focus primarily on the enjoyment

aspects while gently introducing the technical and academic. Hence, in

creating a passion for the subject matter, the quest for knowledge also

becomes enjoyable.

Brenda Hoddinott

Biography

Born in St. Johns, Newfoundland, Brenda grew up in the small town of Corner Brook. She

developed strong technical competencies with a personal commitment to self directed learning,and the aid of assorted Learn to Draw books. During Brendas twenty-five year career as a

self-educated civilian forensic artist, numerous criminal investigation departments haveemployed Brendas skills, including Royal Canadian Mounted Police and municipal police

departments. In 1992, Brenda was honored with a commendation from the Royal Canadian

Mounted Police, and in 1994, she was awarded a Certificate of Membership from Forensic

Artists International.

Her home-based art career included graphic design, and teaching recreational drawing and

painting classes. As supervisor of her communitys recreational art department, Brenda hired and

trained teachers, and designed curriculum for several childrens art programs. In 1998, Brenda

chose to end her eighteen-year career as an art educator in order to devote more time to writing,

drawing, painting, and developing her websites.

Drawspacehttp://www.drawspace.comincorporates her unique style and innovative approach to

curriculum development. This site offers downloadable and printable drawing classes for

students of all abilities from the age of eight through adult. Students of all ages, levels andabilities have praised the simple step-by-step instructional approach. This site is respected as a

resource for fine art educators, home schooling programs, and educational facilities throughout

the world.

Learn-t o-draw books

Drawing for Dummies: Wiley Publishing, Inc., New, York, NY, this 336 page book is available

on various websites and in major bookstores internationally.

The Complete Idiots Guide to Drawing People: Winner of the Alpha-Penguin Book of theYear Award 2004, Alpha - Pearson Education Macmillan, Indianapolis, IN, this 360 page book

is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally.
mailto:[email protected]://www.finearteducation.com/http://www.drawspace.com/http://www.drawspace.com/http://www.finearteducation.com/http://www.finearteducation.com/http://www.finearteducation.com/http://www.finearteducation.com/http://www.drawspace.com/http://www.finearteducation.com/mailto:[email protected]

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