adulthood. social and personality development individuals character is stable over time personality...
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Adulthood
Social and personality development
Individuals character is stable over timePersonality is flexibleSelf haters, passive, confidentWhat is difference between character and
personality?
Health problems
Three most common causes of death Heart disease Cancer Corrhosis of the liver
Causes of early morbidity Drug use Inadequate diet Effects of violence-society
Menopause
Between ages of 45-50Biological event in which a woman’s
production of sex hormones is sharply reduced
Stops ovulating, can’t conceive childrenSide effects exagerated
Marriage and divorce
40-60 percent of marriages end in divorceWhat makes marriages last
How couples handle conflicts How often couples share intimate moments
Happily married argue just as much but argue more constructively
Unhealthy ways of conflict include ignoring, denying conflict, exaggerating issues
Physical changes
• Aging=normal wear and tear of cells• Present biological clock• Physical peak between 18-30• Appearances change
– Hair loss– Skin is dry and inelastic– Wrinkles– Shorter
• Senses– 40’s difficulty seeing distant object– Gradual or sudden loss of hearing– Reaction time slows
Cognitive changes
• People continue to expand vocaularies, think flexibly
• True if…– Had higher education– Live in a stimulating environment– Work in an intellectually challenging environment
• Reach peak at 40’s science or the arts• Reach peak at 60’s in history,, foreign
languages
Levinson’s Theory of Male development
• Entering the adult world• 22-28-not fully established as a man but no
longer and adolescent – Conflict between need to explore the options of
adulthood and need to establish a stable life structure
• The Age-Thirty crisis-28-30 major transitional period– Reconsider choices we made, must make changes now
before its too late
Levinson continued
• Settling down-Made firm choices about life• Carving out a niche • BOOM phase- 36-40
– Become fully independent
• The middle transition-40-45– Midlife transition begins– Questions life “what have I accomplished?”
• Generativity-the desire, in middle age, to use ones accumulated wisdom to guide future generations.
• Stagnation-discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past
Levinson Continued
Middle adulthood-late 40’sTrue adulthood achieved If finds satisfactory solutions to problemsBalance between privacy and friends Didn’t find solutionsFrsutration and unhappinessstagnation
Female Development
Less conflict in midlifeMore personal freedomReenter workforce, going back to collegeTime of opportunityResearch does not support existence of
midlife crisis in women
Females continued
• Empty nest syndrome– Last child leaving home– Not necessarily traumatic– Reorganize lives and take new interests– Transition depends on marriage
• Depression in midlife– Most common among middle aged women– Sense of loss and personal worthlessness– View themselves as child bears then useless
Old Age
• Fear of growing old….• Attitudes toward aging• Decremental model of aging
– Idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age
– Physical and mental decline is inevitable• Ageism
– Prejudice or discrimination against the elderly– Stereotypes– They do nothing, poor health, live in poverty, senile
Changes in health
• Physical strength and senses decline 1%/year• Good health carries on throughout life• 40% of elderly have one chronic disease
– Heart disease– Hypertension– Diabetes– Arthritis
• Causes of death– Heart disease– Cancer– Strokes
• Poor health care
Changes in Life Situations
• Transitions in late adulthood are negative• Retirement, widowhood• Depression
– Loss, life challenges, health• Symptoms
– Weight changes, feelings of worthlessness, sadness, inability to concentrate, thoughts of death or suicide
• Causes– Genetic, unhealthy lifestyle, poor nutrition, loneliness,
stress
Adjusting to old age
Loss of control over environmentSelf-image and quality of life suffersPhysical and external circumstancesHealth, loss of a spouse
Changes in mental functioning
• Physical health, vision, hearing, coordination impact scores on intellectual tests
• Two types of intelligence• Crystalized
– Ability o use accumulated knowledge in appropriate situations
• Fluid– Solve abstract relational problems
• Fluid intelligence declines as nervous systems declines
Senile Dementia
• Senile Dementia• Decreases in mental abilities experienced by
some people in old age• Alzheimers disease-most common form
– Condition that destroys a persons ability to think, remember, relate to others and care for themselves
– Neurological disease marked by deterioration of cognitive functioning.
• Early signs– Forgetting, poor judgment, irritability, social withdrawal
Dying and death
• Adjusting to death• Thanatology• Study of dying and death• 5 stages of psychological adjustment
– Denial– Anger– Bargaining– Depression– accept
Hospice