Advanced Art Test Study Guide

THEORY OF COLOUR Primary Colours

Red

Yellow

Blue

Tip to Remember: Roses are Red, Violets are Blue, What makes them grow? Yellow

Secondary Colours

Red + Yellow = Orange

Blue + Red = Violet

Yellow + Blue = Green

Tertiary Colours

Yellow + Green = Yellow-Green

Blue + Green = Blue-Green

Yellow + Orange = Yellow-Orange

Red + Orange = Red-Orange

Blue + Violet = Blue-Violet

Red + Violet = Red-Violet

Tip to Remember: Primary colour name is first followed by the secondary colour

Complementary Colour

Red ~ Green

Violet ~ Yellow

Blue ~ Orange

Tip to Remember: Relate the pairs !

o Red ~ Green = Christmas o Violet ~ Yellow = Easter o Blue ~ Orange = Sun and Sky

Tint, Tone and Shade

Tint = Colour + White

Tone = Colour + Gray

Shade = Colour + Black

Monochromatic = Using a tint, tone or shade of a colour o Ex. OOOOOO

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Colour Spectrum

Warm Colours = Reds, Oranges and Yellows

Cool Colours = Blues, Greens and Purples

Tip to Remember: Warm Colours = Fire, Cool Colours =Water

Colour Qualities

Colour = Is defined by having 3 qualities – Hue, Value and Intensity o Hue = Name for a colour you cannot make

Ex. Red, Yellow, Blue, Cyan, Magenta All hues are colours but not all colours are hues

o Value = The darkness or lightnessof a colour Ex. OOOOOOOOO Value 1 = Black Value 10 = White

o Intensity = How bright or dull a colour is Ex. OO,OO,OO High Intensity = Brighter Low Intensity = Duller

Colours that Cannot be Made

Magenta

Cyan Blue

White

Red

Yellow

Blue

Mixing Colours

Red + Brown = Crimson

Orange + Brown = Sienna Brown

Red + Yellow + Brown = Ocre Yellow

Red + White = Pink or Magenta + White = Pink

Blue + Brown = Black

Red + Yellow + Blue = Brown

THEORY OF LIGHT

Peak Highlight

Value: 10

Form Shadow

Value: 9-7

Core

Shadow

Value: 4-1

Reflective Light

Value: 7

Cast Shadow

Value: 1

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ART SUPPLIES Paintbrushes

Flat Paintbrush Fan Paintbrush Liner Paintbrush Flat-Fan Paintbrush

Other Supplies

Artistic Knives Paint Thinner Linseed Oil

Palette Canvas

Easel

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Drawing Supplies

Soft Eraser Blending Stump Eraser

Sketching Pencil = HB

Shading Pencil = 9B

Darkest Pencil = 9B

Lightest Pencil = 6H

ELEMENTS OF ART 1. Line/Direction A path or point moving through space

a. This refers to the direction of an object, line or path that moves throughout the painting.

EX.

2. Shape/Form Shape has depth, length, width and resides in space

a. This means that everything is made up from shapes and with their help we get the correct

proportions.

EX.

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3. Colour Hue, value and intensity

a. These are the characteristics of a colour

i. Hue = Name for a colour you cannot make ii. Intensity = How bright or dull a colour is.

EX.

4. Value Value refers to the relative lightness and darkness of a colour

a. Value = The darkness or lightness of a colour i. Ex. OOOOOOOOO

ii. Value 1 = Black iii. Value 10 = White

EX.

Colour: Blue-Green

Low Intensity

Colour: Pink

High Intensity

Hue: Cyan Blue

High Intensity

White is the

absence of colour

Value: 10

Green Value Scale

Value: 1

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5. Texture Texture refers to the tactile quality of a surface a. There are both Oil and Acrylic textures

i. Oil Textures 1. Knife Techniques 2. Fan Paintbrush Techniques 3. Wax with Oil

ii. Acrylic Textures 1. Mixed Media Techniques (Sawdust, Gesso, Modelling Paste)

iii. Implied Techniques 1. Techniques created through blending in various ways.

EX. 6. Perspective Representing a 3D object on a 2D surface

a. In order to get 3D objects on a 2D surface we need to use shapes and VP

EX.

7. Space The area in which art is organised

a. Positive Space The area closest to you/ Foreground

b. Negative Space The area furthest from you/ Background

Oil Textures

Fan Paintbrush

Techniques Implied Texture

Blending in

circles for the

sky

Oil Texture

Knife

Techniques

Vanishing Point

Negative Space

Positive Space

Positive Space

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MIXED MEDIA TECHNIQUES Gesso (Acrylic Texture)

o A primer with a low density and high viscosity

Modelling Paste (Acrylic Texture)

o A texturing paste with a high density and low viscosity

Media

o Base of all acrylic colours

o Used in most mixed media techniques

o Low density and very high viscosity

o Transparent, can be glossy or matte

Sawdust (Acrylic Texture)

o Sawdust + Media

Glitter (Acrylic Texture)

o Glitter + Media

Tissue Paper/ News Paper (Acrylic Texture)

o Tissue Paper / News Paper + Media

Cheese Cloth (Acrylic Texture)

o Cheese Cloth + Media

Sand (Acrylic Texture)

o Sand + Media

Aluminium Foil (Watercolour Texture)

o Aluminium + Light tint of water colour

Saran Wrap Lift (Watercolour + Acrylic Techniques)

o A watered down acrylic or watercolour with saran wrap placed on top

until dry or semi-dry. Saran Wrap is the removed creating a grouping flat

texture.

Photo Image Transfer (Acrylic Texture)

o A laser printed image is transferred onto a canvas using media

Stencilling + Stamping (Acrylic + Watercolour Texture)

o Stencilling Using an object as a stencil or tracer

o Stamping Using an object to imprint or transfer the shape of image

Alcohol/Oil with Acrylic (Acrylic Texture)

o Painting an acrylic base, you add some dots of oil or alcohol which

creates a separation in the paint

Wax with Oil (Oil Texture)

o Mix wax and oil paint together to make a chunkier oil texture.

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ART MOVEMENTS

Realism

o Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s.

This movement is said to mimic that of a picture as it is the real and

accurate portrayal of a person or scenery.

Mona Lisa – Leonardo Da Vinci American Gothic – Grant Wood The Gleaners – Jean-François Millet

Impressionism o A style or movement of painting originating in France in the 1860s. This

movement is characterized with depicting the feeling or experience rather

than to achieve an accurate depiction. This is done by capturing the effects

of light through small, obvious brushstrokes.

Bridge over a Pond of Lilies – Claude Monet The Ballet Class – Edgar Degas

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Post-Impressionism o Post-Impressionism is a movement that began in the early 1900’s. Although

they took inspiration from impressionism they rejected its limitations. They

continued using real-life subject matter, with vivid colours and thick paint.

However, they added other ideas like using geometric forms that would

distort objects for its effect.

Starry Night – Vincent Van Gogh At the Moulin Rouge - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Expressionism o Expressionism is an artistic movement from the early 1910’s. It is an

artistic style in which the artist attempts to show not reality but rather

the personal emotions and responses that objects and events make

them feel. This is accomplished through distortion, exaggeration, and

fantasy and through the vivid, violent, or dynamic application of paint.

The Scream – Edvard Munch Lady in a Green Jacket – August Macke

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Cubism o Cubism is a style of art which aims to show all of the possible viewpoints

of a person or an object all at once. It is called Cubism because the items

represented in the artworks look like they are made out of cubes and

other geometrical shapes.

Houses at La Estaque – Georges Braque The Mandolin – Pablo Picasso

Surrealism o Surrealism is a movement that began in the early 1920’s. This movement

is a realistic portrayal of an image or scenery with a twist that is

unnatural or not possible in real life.

Melting Clocks – Salvador Dali The Son of Man – Rene Magritte

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Abstract o Abstract is a movement of art that emerged in the 1940’s. This is a type

of art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to

achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colours, and textures.

Composition in Red, Blue and Yellow – Piet Mondrain Abstract – Mirza Zupljanin

COLOUR COMBINATIONS

Analogous o Analogous colour schemes use colours that are next to each

other on the colour wheel. They usually match well and create

comfortable designs.

Complimentary o Colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel

are considered to be complementary colours. The high

contrast of complementary colours creates a vibrant

Monochromatic o Using the Tint, Tone, Shade of a

single Hue.

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Triad o A triadic colour scheme uses colours that are evenly spaced

around the colour wheel. Triadic colour harmonies tend to be

quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of

your hues.

Split-Complementary

o The split-complementary colour scheme is a variation of the

complementary colour scheme. In addition to the base colour,

it uses the two colours adjacent to its complement. This

colour scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the

complementary colour scheme, but has less tension.

Tetrad o The rectangle or tetradic colour scheme uses four colours

arranged into two complementary pairs.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Balance o This is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colours, textures and

space. If the painting was a scale, all the elements should look balanced. Symmetric Balance – The elements or objects used on one side of the design are

similar to those on the other side.

Asymmetric Balance – The elements or object used are different on both side yet it

still looks balanced.

Radial Balance – The elements or objects are placed around a central point and may

be similar.

Symmetric Balance Asymmetrical Balance Radial Balance

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Emphasis o The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually artists will

make one are stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be

different in size, colour, texture or shape

Movement

o This is the path the viewers eye follows through the piece; the movement

often leads to the focal areas. This movement can be directed with lines,

edges, shapes or colour within the piece.

Pattern

o The repetition of an object or symbol all over the piece.

Chevron Pattern Checkered Pattern

Emphasis Emphasis

Path

Focal Point

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Repetition

o Repetition works with pattern to make the piece seem active. The repetition of

an element creates unity within the piece.

Proportion

o Feeling of unity created when all elements relate well with each other, size of

things compared to others.

Rhythm o Rhythm is created when one or more elements are used repeatedly to create a

feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood, creates a sense of

movement and establishes texture.

Black Diamond Repetition

White Square Repetition

The rhythm is created by

making the checkered

squares appear as if there

is movement in the

picture

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Variety o Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention

and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

Unity o The feeling of harmony between all parts of the art work, this creates a sense

of completeness. This can also be noted as all of the principles working

together as a whole.

There is a variety of shapes and colours in

this picture which attracts the eye. There

is also the use of repetition and rhythm to

create a sense of movement

There is a variety of shapes and colours in this

painting as well as emphasis points that attract the

eye. There is also the use of repetition, patterns

and rhythm to create a sense of movement.

This picture is a good example of all

the elements working together to unify

the piece.