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10 October 2011
Advanced Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
(Theory part) (Experimental part)
Andrey Surzhykov
Monday 14:00-16:00KIP HS 1
Jos R. Crespo Lpez-Urrutia,Ullrich Joachim,Thomas Sthlker
Wednesday 14:00-16:00KIP HS 1
Tutorial(Theory or Experiment)
Tuesday 14:00-16:00Thursday 14:00-16:00
The course provides insight in fundamental concepts and techniques of modern atomic, molecular and optical physics, emphasizing active research areas and applications such as:
(1) Ultraprecise measurements of time, frequency, energy, and mass, and applications to fundamental physics studies. Trapping and cooling of atoms, ions and molecules.
(2) Fundamental quantum dynamics occurring in energetic and soft collisions of ions with photons, electrons and atoms. Interactions of ion beams with biological targets.
(3) Spectroscopy of relativistic, quantum electrodynamic and parity violation effects in few-electron heavy ions. Laboratory astrophysics with ions at very high temperatures.
(4) Interactions of intense, short pulse lasers and free-electron lasers with many-electron targets. Molecular structure and dynamics explored in pump-probe experiments on femtosecond to attosecond time scales.
Theory, practical implementation of calculational methods, and experiment will be discussed and compared in case studies.
Advanced Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics
Advanced Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Andrey SurzhykovJos R. Crespo Lpez-Urrutia
Joachim UllrichThomas Sthlker
Physikalisches Institut, HeidelbergMax-Planck-Institut fr Kernphysik, Heidelberg
Gesellschaft fr Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Atoms are the best examples of quantum systems we have.
They can be prepared in very well defined states.
Their temporal evolution can be measured and manipulated.
Atomic physics experiments can be reproduced all over theworld.
They deliver the most accurate results in any experimental science.
All interactions (electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravitation) can be explored by means of atomic physicsexperiments.
Small is beautiful!
Why atomic physics / quantum science?
Atomic physics and fundamental research
A) Test of fundamental theories (QED, Gravitation ect.)by means of (ultra-)high precision experiments
B) Exploring the quantum dynamics of few-particle systems
Coulomb interaction precisely known, but:only the two-particle Coulomb system is analyticallysolvable
Experiments provide tests for theoreticalapproximations and models or new numerical(computational) methods
Time-resolved studies build the basis for themanipulation of quantum dynamics
Example: Highest accuracy
Die genaueste Uhr der Welt vom LPTF/Paris in Garchinger Labor des MPQ
Atomic clocks run wrong by 5 minutes in 13 billion years. Time (and thus frequencies) can be measured with the highestaccuracy among all physical quantities.Example: the 1S-2S transition in atomic hydrogen: 2.466.061.413.187.103 46 Hz
check for temporal drifts of the fine structure constant
Examples: Highest accuracy
contradictory results for proton radius 0.895(18) fm
Atomic spectroscopic measurementshave pushed this field (nuclear physics, QCD) again!
The mode number n of some 105 can be counted; frequency offset CE lies in between0 and r = 1/T. The mode spacing is thereby identified with pulse repetition rate r, i.e. the inversepulse repetition time T. With the help of that equation, two radio frequencies r and CE are linked to the opticalfrequencies n of the laser.
In the frequency domain a train of short pulses from a femtosecond laser is the result of a interference of many continuous wave (cw) longitudinal cavity modes. These modes at n form a series of frequency spikes that is called frequency comb.The individual modes can be selected by phase locking other cw lasers to them. The separation between adjacent modes is constant across the frequency comb:
n = nr+ CE:
New tools: The frequency comb
(1S-2S) = 2 466 061 102 474 851(25) Hz
RY = 10 973 731.568 525(84) m-1L1S = 8 172.840(22) MHz
Example: Test of a fundamental theory
Example: Test of a fundamental theory
Example: Test of equivalence principle
Photoionization and photorecombination. Quantum interference.30.11.2011E7
Spectra of many-electron ions, jj and LS coupling, advanced many-electron approaches
28.11.2011T7
Hydrogen-like ions: Quantum electrodynamics, hyperfine structure, g-factor. Few-electron ions.
23.11.2011E6
Independent particle model, central field approximation, spectroscopy of few-electron atoms/ions
21.11.2011T6
Spectroscopy outside the visible range in electron beam ion traps, and storage rings. EUV, VUV, X-ray spectroscopy,16.11.2011E5
Angular momentum, coupling of momenta, angular momentum theory, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
14.11.2011T5
Classical optical spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy. Ultrashort pulse lasers. Frequency combs.
09.11.2011E4
Continuum-state solutions of Dirac equation, plane and distorted waves, multipole decompositions
07.11.2011T4
Lasers, synchrotrons, free-electron lasers. Photon detection. solid-state detectors, microcalorimeters.
02.11.2011E3
No lecture 31.10.2011-
Higher-order corrections to Dirac equation: QED, hyperfine-structure and isotope shift effects
26.10.2011T3
Bound-state solutions of Dirac equation, spectroscopy, fine-structure effects
24.10.2011T2
Sources of singly and highly charged ions. Electron and ion detection and energy analysis.19.10.2011E2
Spin and relativity, from Schrdinger to Dirac equation. Solutions with negative energy, Dirac sea, antiparticles.
17.10.2011T1
Atomic units. Cross sections. Coincidence measurements. Time-of-flight methods. Counting statistics. Atomic beams.
12.10.2011E1
Motivation and introduction. Organizational issues.10.10.2011E0/T0
Basics of the density matrix theory. Mixed quantum states.01.02.2012T15
Interaction of charged particles with matter: Statistical approach30.01.2012T14
Attophysics: Dynamic investigations of molecular vibrations and reactions
25.01.2012E13
Non-dipole effects, two and multi-photon processes, second-order perturbation theory, Green's function approach, two-photon spectroscopy
23.01.2012T13
Atomic momentum spectroscopy: COLTRIMS, reaction microscopes.18.01.2012E12
Ions and atoms in strong laser fields.16.01.2012E11
Radiative decay and absorption, evaluation of matrix elements, symmetry and selection rules
11.01.2012T12
Stark and Zeeman effects. Symmetry and mixing of electronic states. Induced transitions.
09.01.2012T11
Atom and ion traps: Laser and evaporative cooling methods.21.12.2011E10
Penning and Paul ion traps. Ultra-precision mass spectrometry.19.12.2011E9
Electronic correlations, many-body effects and Auger decay. Bound electrons in strong fields. Collisional excitation and ionization.14.12.2011E8
Quasimolecules: Ultracold atoms and ions, optical lattices, Geonium, coupling of mechanical and electronic dynamics
12.12.2011T10
Simple molecules: H2. Molecular ions. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Rovibrational spectra: Raman, Stokes effects.
07.12.2011T9
Photoionization and recombination, atomic collisions, Coulomb ionization and excitation, dielectronic recombination
05.12.2011T8
10 October 2011
Tutorial
Participation in the tutorial (exercise group) is mandatory!
For the moment, four groups are planned (will be more if necessary):
Tuesday, 14:00-16:00, INF 501 FPThursday, 14:00 16:00, INF 327 / SRThursday, 14:00 16:00, INF 366 / SRThursday, 14:00 16:00, INF 325 / SR
Please, register for one of the groups at: http://www.physi.uni-heidelberg.de/Forschung/apix/TAP/lectures/
First tutorial will take place will take place on the week of 24 28 October
10 October 2011
Advanced Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
(Theory part)
10 October 2011
Andrey Surzhykov
Universitt HeidelbergPhysikalisches Institut
Philosophenweg 1269120 Heidelberg
Phone: +49 622154 9258Mobile: +49 151 587 38779
E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.physi.uni-heidelberg.de/Forschung/apix/TAP/index.php
Andrey Surzhykov
10 October 2011
Motivation
Let us try to answer two questions:
What did you already know (study before)?
What do we intend to discuss during this course?
10 October 2011
Basics of atomic physicsDuring the course we will often recall basic information/knowledge on atoms/molecules (the level of Experimental Physics IV: Atomic Physic):
Spectroscopy of hydrogen (quantum numbers, transitions)
Idea of angular momentum
Basic experiments: Zeeman, Stark, Stern-Gerlach
10 October 2011
Basics of quantum quantum mechanicsErwin Schrdinger
In Quantum physics, Schrdinger equation describes how the quantum state of physical system evolves with time:
),(),( tHtti rr =
hHamiltonian operator
Wave function
Define your system, define its initial state and you can find the state of the system in any moment of time t.
By the way, what is the wavefunction?
10 October 2011
Schrdinger equation for single particle
For single particle Schrdinger equation reads:
If Hamiltonian does not depend on ti