advanced detailing techniques for building enclosures
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building EnclosuresCOLIN SHANE M.ENG., P.ENG., P.E.
PRINCIPAL, SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER
RDH BUILDING SCIENCE INC.
Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.
APRIL 28, 2017
![Page 2: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© RDH Building Sciences Inc. 2015
Copyright Materials
![Page 3: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“The Wood Products Council”is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516.
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.__________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
![Page 4: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Course Description
à This presentation will provide an in-depth look at a variety of
wood-frame building enclosure assemblies and
details. Beginning with a review of building enclosure design
fundamentals and considerations, it will then focus on best
practices with references from technical guidelines and case
studies. Finally, the critical detail interfaces between different
enclosure assemblies (i.e., walls, roofs, balconies, windows,
foundations) will be reviewed with a focus on continuity of
critical barriers. A series of details and case studies will be
presented for each.
![Page 5: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Learning Objectives
• Review building enclosure design best practices for light wood-frame buildings.
• Demonstrate effective methods of controlling heat, air, and moisture movement through wood-frame assemblies.
• Discuss common details used for light wood-frame wall and roof enclosure assemblies.
• Using case studies and details from past projects, demonstrate unique considerations and best practices associated with the interfaces between adjacent enclosure assemblies
![Page 6: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 of
Building Enclosure Design Fundamentals
à Separate indoors from outdoors, by controlling:
à Heat flow
à Air flow
à Vapor diffusion / condensation
à Water penetration
à Light and solar radiation
à Noise, fire, and smoke
à While at the same time:
à Transferring structural loads
à Being durable and maintainable
à Being economical & constructible
à Looking good!
![Page 7: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 of
Trends in Building Enclosure Design
à Trend towards more energy efficiently
building enclosures
à Air barriers now required in 2012 IECC and
2013 CEC
à Higher R-value requirements - thicker walls
à More insulation / less air leakage = less
heat flow to dry out moisture
à “Marginal” assemblies that worked in the past
may no longer work
à Amount, type and placement of insulations
matters
à Wetting / drying balance very important
![Page 8: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 of
The ‘Perfect’ Assembly
à Rain penetration control: rainscreen cladding
over water barrier
à Air leakage control: robust air barrier system
à Heat control: continuous insulation layer
à Locate all barriers exterior of structure
à Keep structure warm and dry
à 50+ year old concept!
![Page 9: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 of
Wood-Frame Assemblies – ‘Pretty Good’ Wall
![Page 10: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 of
Wood-Frame Assemblies – ‘Perfect’ Roof
![Page 11: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 of
Details – Connect Control Layers
![Page 12: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 of
Continuity of Control Layers
à In practice, need to evaluate and design assemblies and details that are not ‘perfect’
à Continuity of control layers within and between assemblies is critical
à Hygrothermal analysis?
![Page 13: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 of
Interfaces & Challenges
• DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT
• BALCONY INTERFACES
• EXTERIOR INSULATION
• …AND MORE
![Page 14: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 of
Wood-frame Building Enclosure Design Guides
à 2011 Building Enclosure Design Guide – Wood-frame Multi-Unit Residential Buildings
à Emphasis on best practices, moisture and new energy codes
à 2013 Guide for Designing Energy-Efficient Building Enclosures
à Focus on highly insulated wood-frame assemblies to meet current and upcoming energy codes
à CLT Handbook
![Page 15: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 of
Design for Wood-Movement & Shrinkage
![Page 16: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 of
Behaviour of Wood in Construction
![Page 17: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17 of
Wood Moisture Content vs Relative Humidity
Initial MC
Site/Construction
In-Service (Low)
In-Service (High)
Wood shrinkage is 0.20% to 0.25% in dimension per 1% change in MC
![Page 18: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 of
Behaviour of Wood in Construction
à Wood-frame Shrinkage
à Total shrinkage dependant on amount of tangential/radial grain wood and initial moisture content
à Differential movement is a real concern when detailing, especially for taller wood-frame buildings
à Shrinkage generally in range of ¼” per floor in dry cases, ½” per floor in typical cases, ~1” per floor in extreme cases
Cumulative Shrinkage for 6 storey Wood-frame Building at roof eave
![Page 19: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 of
Behaviour of Wood in Construction
à Detailing for Differential Shrinkage is Important
![Page 20: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 of
Lessons Learned from Wood-frame Shrinkage
![Page 21: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 of
Lessons Learned from Wood-frame Shrinkage
![Page 22: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 of
Window Sill Detail – Sealant Joint Method
![Page 23: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 of
Window Sill Detail – Sliding Flashing Method
![Page 24: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 of
Window Sill Detail – Sliding Flashing Method
![Page 25: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25 of
Reducing Wood-frame Shrinkage - Floors
à Keep wood dry, watch saturation of floor framing during construction
à Engineered floor joists
à Modified platform framing practices
à Floor joists hang from top plate of wall, essentially reducing shrinkable wood at floor line
à Balloon framed details
![Page 26: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26 of
Adapting Design & Architectural Style
![Page 27: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27 of
Balcony Designs
![Page 28: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28 of
Wood-Framed Balcony
à Cantilevered - likely the most common framing method
à Questions:
à Where is the air barrier?
à Thermal barrier?
à Water barrier?
à ‘Saddles’?
à Do we vent?
à Guardrail attachment?
![Page 29: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29 of
Cantilevered Balcony – Control Layers
à Air barrier:
à Use the shortest path possible
à Prevent interior air from entering balcony soffit
à Vent soffit
à Thermal barrier:
à Remember ‘perfect’ wall
à Water barrier:
à Over a sloped and drained balcony surface
![Page 30: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30 of
Cantilevered Balcony - Saddles
à 3-dimensional integration of assemblies
à Include a 3-dimensional detail
![Page 31: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31 of
Cantilevered of Water Control Layer
![Page 32: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32 of
Continuity of Air / Thermal Control Layers
à Air barrier and thermal barrier continuity often overlooked
à Difficult to reliably detail sheet membrane around penetrating joists
à Spray foam often used for air and thermal control
![Page 33: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33 of
Continuity of Air / Thermal Control Layers
![Page 34: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34 of
Pre-Finished Steel Balcony over Wood
à Balcony is a ‘bolt-on’ architectural component, but not part of building enclosure
à Air, water, and thermal control layers continuous behind pre-finished balcony
à Simplifies detailing – no saddles
à Continuous water, air, thermal layers
![Page 35: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35 of
Bolt-On Balconies
![Page 36: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36 of
‘Continuous’ Insulation
![Page 37: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37 of
Building Enclosure & Passive Design
à Building enclosure is key element in passive design
à Exterior insulation is only as good as the cladding attachment strategy
à What attachment system works best thermally?
à Need to also consider:
à Structural
à Air / water tightness
à Constructibility
![Page 38: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38 of
Many Cladding Attachment Options & Counting
![Page 39: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39 of
Cladding Attachment: Vertical Steel Z-Girts
~65-75%+ loss in R-value
![Page 40: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40 of
Cladding Attachment: Horizontal Steel Z-Girts
~45-65%+ loss in R-value
![Page 41: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41 of
Cladding Attachment: Clip & Rail, Stainless Steel
![Page 42: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42 of
Cladding Attachment: Proprietary Clip & Rail
à Numerous systems available
~5-30% loss in R-value (spacing & fastener type dependant)
![Page 43: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43 of
Cladding Attachment: Continuous Wood Framing
~15-30% loss in R-value
![Page 44: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44 of
Cladding Attachment: Screws through Insulation
Longer cladding Fasteners directly through rigid insulation (up to 2” for light claddings)
Long screws through vertical strapping and rigid insulation creates truss – short cladding fasteners into vertical strapping Rigid shear block type connection
through insulation, short cladding fasteners into vertical strapping
![Page 45: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45 of
Publications / Research Reports
And many others!
![Page 46: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46 of
Lab Examples and Testing
± 25 psf
![Page 47: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47 of
Cladding Attachment: Screws Through Insulation
![Page 48: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48 of
Exterior Insulation and Windows
à Need to provide a water shedding seal between exterior cladding and window
à With exterior insulation
exterior cladding is often
too far away
à Flashing or trim piece required to create continuity
![Page 49: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49 of
Exterior Insulation and Windows
![Page 50: Advanced Detailing Techniques for Building Enclosures](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012921/61c8f51319875f74321bee85/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Summary
à Control moisture, air, and heat
à Best practices:
à Rainscreen cladding
à Keep structure warm and dry: control layers on exterior
à Think about the details!
à Provide continuity of control layers within and between assemblies and details
à Easier said than done: modern large buildings often architecturally complicated
à Walls, roofs, balconies, and…?