advanced development of ecohydrology …ecohydrology-ihp.org/demosites/resources/arquivos/... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Advanced Development of Ecohydrology Demonstration Site in the Saguling Reservoir,
the Upper Citarum River basin, Indonesia- Improvements of Water Quantity and Quality using Ecohydrological
Approach and Local Community-based Participation -
PACIFIC CENTRE FOR ECOHYDROLOGY (APCE) – UNESCO CATEGORY II CENTRE
27 April 2017, Jakarta
PARTICIPATING RESEARCHER:
Members: Prof. Dr. Hery Harjono, Dr. Ignasius D.A. Sutapa, Prof. Hidayat Pawitan, Prof. Gadis Sri Haryani, Drs. M. Fakhrudin, M.Si, TjhandraChrismanda, M.Sc, Hadiid Agita Rustini, M.Si, Dr. Apip, M.Eng
Institution Patners: Research Center for Limnology-LIPI, PT. Indonesia Power Saguling Generation Unit/UP Saguling, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Gadjah Mada University (UGM)
Background
UNESCO-IHP & UNESCO-MAB, 2006
1. UNESCO’s Ecohydrology Approach (UNESCO IHP/Division of Water Sciences, 2011) stated that a Worldwide Network of Demonstration Sites is necessary and relatively required to provide evidence of successful implementation of ecohydrology solutions;
2. In order to meet the challenge, APCE proposed to establish a demonstration site (demosite) and to develop as well as implementing ecohydrology-based solutions entitled “Advanced Development of Ecohydrology Demonstration Site (Demosite) in the Saguling Reservoir, Indonesia”
Objectives1. To demonstrate (showcase) and evaluate the
application of the ecohydrology approach (EH-solutions) to solve issues surrounding water, environment, and people;
2. To setup an integrative program of activities (education, training, etc) for reducing point source and diffuse pollutions as well as concept for controlling surface runoff and soil erosion by means of ecohydrology methods;
3. To create an advanced demonstration site that represent the possibilities of introducing the evaluated ecohydrology-based control measures to other areas such as at the different internal locations of the Saguling Dam catchment and the Upper Citarum River basin;
The demosite aims in developing, validating, disseminating, advancing,
and implementing ecohydrology solutions
Demosite Location
The ecohydrology demosite has been decided to take place in
the Saguling Reservoir, the Upper Citarum River basin.
Citarum River Basin
Demosite Location
Saguling Reservoir
UNESCO-IFIT Program 2016
APCE-UNESCO and Research Centre for Limnology-LIPI in collaboration with other institutions (e.g., PT. Indonesia Power Saguling Generation Unit/UP Saguling, IPB, and UGM)
Case StudyVISION of APCE-UNESCO: To be an
Internationally Reputed Asia Pacific Center in Urban and Rural Ecohydrology by 2021
Aquatic & Rural Demosite Ecohydrology
Cibitung River catchment
Kp. Curugan, Mukapayung Village,
Cililin District, Bandung Barat Regency
Cibitung River
The Cibitung River Catchment (35,53 km2), one of tributaries in the Upper Citarum River basin with the Saguling Dam as the outlet point was decided as the case study of demosite
High Risk to Soil Erosion
Effective Soil Depth is
Relatively Shallow, High
to Flood
Cibitung River Catchment (35,53 km2)
High Risk to Landslide
DEM (m asl)
ShrubsForestAnnual TreesFarmlandSettlementPaddy FieldOpen land
ShrubsForestAnnual TreesFarmlandSettlementPaddy FieldOpen land
Point Source Pollution Non Point Source Pollution
1. Development online monitoring system to measure water quantity and quality (RC-LImnology - Drs. M. Fakhrudin);
2. Development of ecohydrological modeling system(RC-Limnology - Dr. Apip, M.Eng);
3. Phytotechnology application(RC-Limnology - Tjandra Chrismanda, M.Sc);
4. Making a concept and design of environmental sanitation and erosion control (IPB - Dr. Ir. Arief Sabdo Yuwono, MSc), and
5. Preliminary study on socio-economic and cultural aspect (UGM - Prof. Soedarmadji).
Five major activities were initiated and conducted at ecohydrology demosite location, they are:
First Phase Activity (June 2015 – May 2016)
MONITORING WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY ASPECT (Drs. M. Fakhrudin, M.Si & Team)At the Cibitung River catchment has been installed online monitoring systems at 6 stations.
The equipments include:1. Meteorological parameters sensor
(wind, relative humidity, air temperature, and barometric pressure, rain gauge)
2. Water level sensor3. Water quality sensor (turbidity,
conductivity, and water temperature)4. e-most data logger5. Two panels of solar cell 100 Wp
MONITORING WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY ASPECT (Drs. M. Fakhrudin, M.Si & Team)
Data Center: RC-Limnology
Website & Mobile Phone
MONITORING WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY ASPECT (Drs. M. Fakhrudin, M.Si & Team)
E-most(Environmental Monitoring System)
Temporal Information:1. Daily (24-hour)2. Weekly (1-week)3. Monthly (30-day)
Prediction
Process Understanding
Scenario based Management (Planning)
Spatial Information & Scale Up
Objective & Function of
Modeling System
ECOHYDROLOGICAL MODELING SYSTEM(RC-Limnology: Apip & Team)
Distributed + Process-based + Event & Long-term
Model Type
Physically-Based Distributed Ecohydrology Model
e-Most Data
Spatial Information:1. Hydrotopography2. Soil Properties3. Landuse Types4. Meteorology5. Water Quality6. Hydraulic Structure
Dimension7. River Dimension8. Demography & Socio-
Economy
Sub-Model:Rainfall PredictionRainfall-RunoffRainfall-Sediment-RunoffRainfall-Sediment-Solutes
Water Temperature Water Quality & Ecology
Process Mechanism & Efficiency Quantification of Ecohydrology-based Technology
- Phytotechnology- Runoff & Erosion Control
Cost & Benefit Analysis
ECOHYDROLOGICAL MODELING SYSTEM(RC-Limnology - Dr. Apip, M.Eng & Team)
Catchment Scale
Micro Scale (Selected Location)
Server
1. Rainfall-Runoff Mechanism
2. Soil Erosion and Sediment Transportation Mechanism
Tachikawa et al. (2004)
Yang (1972)
Rainfall-Sediment-Runoff Sub-Model
Identification of Priority Locations, Selection & Technical Design of Ecotechnology/Soft Engineering, Optimization
Flow Regimes Erosion Hotspots Deposition Hotspots
Rainfall-Sediment-Runoff Sub-Model Application
Total Eroded Soil (m3) Total Deposited Soil (m3)River Discharge (m3/s)
Richness of Microzoobenthos
Ecohydrology-Based Control Measures for Controlling Soil Erosion & Trapping Sediment
Erosion Hotspots
Total Eroded Soil (m3)
Alley Cropping (Budidaya Sistem Lorong)
“Rorak” Farming System
Terrace Farming System
PHYTOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION DEMOSITE(RC-Limnology - Tjhandra Chrismanda, M.Sc & Team)
Providing an Example of Phytotechnology Application for Solving InlandWaters Problems, which is use of Aquatic Plants for Controlling Water Quality
Paddy Fields Paddy
Fields
Road of Mukapayung HousingsHousings
Sago ProccessingPlant
SwimmingPool
Selected Site
Location
Domestic Wastes
Paddy Fields
Industrial Wastes
Lake/River
Valve-1 Valve-2 Valve-3 Valve-4
Delivery Channel
Reservoir-1 Reservoir-2 Reservoir-3
Treatment-1a Treatment-2a Treatment-3a
Treatment-3bTreatment-2bTreatment-1b
Buffer-1 Buffer-2 Buffer-3
PHYTOTECHNOLOGY DEMOSITE(RC-Limnology - Tjhandra Chrismanda, M.Sc & Team)Design of Phytotechnology Ponds
1. The phytotechnology pond system consists of 3 series of tarpauline ponds, each contains 1 collecting pond, 4 phytoremediation ponds, and 2 buffer ponds.
2. The collection pond has function to collect water from various water sources that has been contaminated. The expected contaminations are housing sewage, paddy field sewege, and sago processing plant sewege.
3. From the collecting ponds water channeling into the phytoremediation ponds before out flowed into the buffer ponds and drain back into the river.
4. The phytoremediation is facilitated by mainly floating aquatic plants, such as Lemna perpusilla, Landoltia punctata, Salvinia sp, Pystia stratiotes, and Eichornia crassipes.
Water tank
Nile pond 1
Catfish pond 1
Nile pond 2
Catfish pond 2
Nile pond 3
Catfish pond 3
Lemna pond 1
Landoltia pond 1
Lemna pond 2
Landoltia pond 2
Salvinia pond 1
Phystia pond 1
Salvinia pond 2
Phystia pond 2
Eichhornia pond 1
Control pond 1
Eichhornia pond 2
Control pond 2
Lemna pond 3
Landoltia pond 3
Lemna pond 4
Landoltia pond 4
Salvinia pond 3
Phystia pond 3
Salvinia pond 4
Phystia pond 4
Eichhornia pond 3
Control pond 3
Eichhornia pond 4
Control pond 4
Outlet pond Outlet pond Outlet pond
Outlet pond Outlet pond Outlet pond
Domestic waste and sago industry waste
River
Paddy field
River
Treatments at Phytotechnology Ponds
PHYTOTECHNOLOGY DEMOSITE(RC-Limnology - Tjhandra Chrismanda, M.Sc & Team)
Phytotechnology Ponds
PHYTOTECHNOLOGY DEMOSITE(RC-Limnology - Tjhandra Chrismanda, M.Sc & Team)
Floating aquatic plants, such as Lemna perpusilla, Landoltia punctata, Salvinia sp, Pystia stratiotes, and Eichornia crassipes.
PHYTOTECHNOLOGY DEMOSITE(RC-Limnology - Tjhandra Chrismanda, M.Sc & Team)
Performance Evaluation
Preliminary evaluation shows that the phytoremediation technology performedits function in improving water quality, particularly of those relatively big plants.
Launching Ceremony of Demosite Saguling,Cibitung River catchment – Bandung, 29 Sptember 2016
SUMMARY
Online and Real-Time Monitoring System for meteorological component as well as river’swater quality and quantity parameters. It was established to support the field and research activitiesat demosite location, quantification of hydrological responses and geochemical components of theriver catchment as well. The system has been set up at three locations of river segment in order torepresent the upper area (two stations), middle area (1 station), and downstream area (two stations)of the river catchment;Rainfall-Sediment-Runoff Model of the Cibitung Demosite and Saguling Reservoir catchment,for spatio-temporal quantification of hydrological cycle dynamics, soil erosion and deposition rate,and transportation sediment material (eroded soil and nutrient);
Phytoremediation Technology Infrastructure at Downstream of the Cibitung Rivercatchment, it was constructed to provide an example of direct field phytotechnology application forwater quality improvement at small scale. The waste water sources are domestic waste fromhouseholds, paddy field waste, sago industry waste, and river. Floating plants were used inremediation ponds, - Lemna perpusilla Torr, Landoltia punctata, Salvinia sp., Pistia stratiotes, andEichhornia crassipes -, for removal or degradation of contaminants;
The results of the first phase (June 2015 – May 2016) of ecohydrologydemosite development include the following:
SUMMARYConcept and Detail Engineering Design (DED) for the Environmental SanitationImprovement of the selected housing block which located closely to the phytotechnology ponds.An alternative design of the sewerage system has been created, which is integrated with theapplication of phytotechnology. Herein, the domestic waste water is not flowed directly to the waterbody (Cibitung River) but it should be flowed first to the phytoremediation ponds;
Concept and Detail Engineering Design (DED) for Controling Soil Erosion Rate atCatchment Scale. Erosion rate control concepts based on the ecohydrology approach wereproposed. The main point of these concepts is the use vegetation to minimize anthropologicalstructure. According to the topography property information, magnitude of erosion rate and sedimentyield in the river catchment, those three erosion control concepts are terracing, mulching, andintercropping planting techniques;
Basic information of Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspects of the LocalCommunity to convey the community habit, perception, and response to the existing of newdeveloped ecohydrology demosite in order to enhance the participation and involvement of the localcommunity in demosite activities and its future development.;
MoU with IPB, UGM, Indonesia Power
1. Continuation of the tasks that developed in the first phase of the demosite development;
2. Prepatory work for implementation of the achievements obtained from the first phase at a larger scale or defferent locations;
3. Elaboration of a strategy for ecohydrology demosite use as a site for knowledge and technology exchange, training and education, community capacity development, and dissemination.
SUMMARYFurther development of the demosite project is to be addressed on the following aspects:
APCE-UNESCO, RC Limnology-LIPI, & UTM Malaysia have initiated to do a collaborative activity at the Saguling Ecohydrology Demosite (1st Meeting of the UTM-APCE-LIPI, Cibinong, 31 January - 2 February 2017)
THANK YOU...
Case Study
1. Represents the regional problem in water resource management;
2. Catchment area has relatively long environmental data collection, and operationally easy to perform a direct data collection through measurements;
3. The site has suitable landscape for phytotechnology or artificial wetland construction;
4. Appropriate accessibility to facilitate the mobility of equipments and materials, as well as to accommodate visiting purpose of stakeholders.
The selected location is suitable area for ecohydrology demosite and meets the following criteria:
Scope of Research Activity at the Demosite• Ecohydrological research activities need to cover the physical and
social sciences. The physical sciences in general will assess the dynamic links between hydrology and ecology biota, interrelated with climate, ecosystem services, and relevant existing anthropogenic drivers on landscape ecosystems;
• Research of ecohydrology also be associated with other scientific discipline such as environmental economics, social, cultural, gender, health, food, energy, climate, because water as a basic of life that covers all aspects of life;
• Ecohydrological research consider the complexity of environmental problems, particularly relating to water resources.
ECOHYDROLOGICAL MODELING SYSTEM(RC-Limnology - Dr. Apip, M.Eng)
Implementation of EH-solutions require knowledge of precipitation patterns, soil andgroundwater dynamics, interactions with vegetation (i.e., evapotranspiration), and processessuch as nutrient cycling and food web dynamics in ecosystems.
Measuring, Modeling, and Managing of the natural processes related to water flows and values of the linked ecosystem services
Principles of Ecohydrology as a Framework for Scientific Investigation and Problem-solving Implementation
Demosite LocationWhy Saguling?1. The Citarum River basin and Saguling Dam hold
strategic functions at the national scale (Presidential Decision of the Republic of Indonesia No.12/2012);
2. Several key environmental issues in this site which attracted national attention are land degradation, flood, soil erosion and sedimentation, water quality deterioration, and high water supply fluctuations;
3. The Saguling site has been chosen as a study site for ecohydrology implementation since the First Advanced Training Workshop on Ecohydrology in Bogor, 2001 and has been included in the UNESCO Catalogue of Ecohydrology Demosites.
The ecohydrology demosite has been decided to take place in the Saguling
Reservoir, the Upper Citarum River basin.
Citarum River Basin
Demosite Location
Saguling Dam
(Saguling Dam)
Bac
kgro
und
Flood
Water Quality Degradation
http://www.slideshare.net/OswarMungkasa/icwrmp-bplhd-oct-2009-15042157
Sedimentation & Landslide
Saguling Dam Inlet Saguling
Dam Inlet
Main River
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
1974
1975
1976
1977
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Time (yyyy)
Total Sediment Yield (ton/year)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Number of Landslides
Sediment Yield
Mean Sediment Yield
Total Landslide Event
Trendline of Sediment Yield
Mean Annual Sediment Yield (2.874.993,7 ton/year)
System Architecture
Internet
Re
BTS
ModemPower Controller
Central Processor
Logger
Weather Sensors
Wl, Turb. pH, EC, T
Server
Terminal
Solar Cell
Principles of Ecohydrology as a Framework for Scientific Investigation and Problem-solving Implementation
Hydrological Principle -quantification of hydrologicalcycle analysis from the point ofview of spatio-temporal dynamicin socio-economy vs. variousforms of human impact
Ecological Principle - analysisof distribution of various types ofbiocenosis and its potential toenhance resilience and absorbingcapacity of the ecosystem fromhuman impact
Ecotechnological Principle - Theuse of ecosystem properties as amanagement tool is based on the firstand second principles of ecohydrologyand related to ecological engineering
Source: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842010000400001
Implementation of EH-solutions require knowledge of precipitation patterns, soil and groundwaterdynamics, interactions with vegetation (i.e., evapotranspiration), and processes such as nutrient cyclingand food web dynamics in ecosystems.
PHYTOTECHNOLOGY DEMOSITE(RC-Limnology - Tjhandra Chrismanda, M.Sc)
Proposed DemositePlant Arrangement
on the Selected Area
5 m
Fish Ponds
Collecting Ponds
Phytoremediation PondsCollecting
Ponds
Strategic Issues
• Research related to floods and droughts• Research on phytotechnology to solve environmental pollution problems• Research on rural and urban ecohydrology• Research on peatland ecohydrology• Research and development of zoning aquatic• Research on trophic levels (trophic level) in terms of balance between producers
and consumers in a lake or reservoir, and its relation with water level• Research in the ecotone area between biota and water fluctuations• Research development of riparian areas• Research related to increased water retention ability of the environment• Research in the delta ecohydrology
Objectives and Goals• Develop the concept of ecohydrology in Asia-Pacific region in line with the concept that adopted by
UNESCO through review of activities and related research as a solution and contribution for water resources problems in the world
• Facilitate and organize ecohydrological research activities by involving researchers from universities and institutions that attached to ecohydrology network in Indonesia and Asia Pacific region Conduct research collaborations in ecohydrology with research institutions (in house research and
collaborative research) Provide research funding scheme in ecohydrology that can be offered to graduate students and
researchers
• Participate in workshops and seminars presenting research results: national and international
• Arrange research training workshops and seminars The workshop will be set annually for national and bi-annually for regional/international program Quarterly research seminars (in-house) with visiting/invited speakers
• Prepare syllabus and research training materials
• Publish research results in national and international journals, including book /proceedings writings
Research Activities 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Research in DemositeSaguling
xxxx xxxx xxxx
Review of ecohydrologicalresearch in Asia-Pacific region
x xx xxx xxxx xxxx
In-house research xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
Collaborative research x x x x x x xx x x xx x x
Research training workshop
x x x x x x x x
Research funding scheme x x x x x x x x x
In-house seminars x x x x x x x x x
Research training materials
x x x x x x x x x x
Scientific meetings x x x x x x x x x x
Publications x x x x x
Planned Activities
• Monitoring and spatial quantification of hydrology and transport material process in watershed scale
• Quantitative identification of ecosystem types and functions in spatial watershed scale• Development and eco-technology test to the improvement of ecosystem functions/values in
watershed scale• Cost-benefit analysis for applied eco-technology
1. STRENGTENING ECOHYDROLOGY DEMOSITE
• Implementation and development of ecohydrology-based technology system to solve water resources problems
2. TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION BASED ON ECOHYDROLOGICAL CONCEPT
Roadmap
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Monitoring and spatial quantification of hydrology and transport material process in watershed scale:• Flash floods and water quality (non point source) 2017 – 2018 • Droughts 2018 – 2020 • Tidal and peatland 2017 – 2020• Groundwater 2017 – 2020• Urban floods and water quality 2017 - 2020
Quantitative identification of ecosystem types and functions in spatial watershed scale:• Ecosystem structure (terrestrial, riparian, aquatic)• Biodiversity and ecosystem function• Carrying capacity of ecosystem & ecosystem productivity
Development and eco-technology test to the improvement of ecosystem functions/values in watershed scale:- Zero runoff (water harvesting and floods mitigation) 2017 – 2018 - Water and soil conservation - green dam 2018 – 2021
Roadmap
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Development and eco-technology test to the improvement of ecosystem functions/values in watershed scale (cont’d.):- Phytoremediation & wetland 2017 – 2018 - Sediment and erosion control 2017 – 2018 - Riparian function 2018 – 2020 - Peat water treatment (to fulfill human/agricultural needs) 2018 – 2021 - Water operating system or hydrological engineering in peatland area 2018 – 2021 - Hardware and software for early warning system 2018 – 2021 - Local culture based technology 2018 – 2021
Implementation and development of ecohydrology-based technology system to solve water resources problems
Cost-benefit analysis for applied eco-technology